[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":36},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-de-hua-yao-guan-yin-pu-sa-zuo-xiang-yi-ming-256124":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":17,"material":18,"size":19,"collection":20,"collections":21,"showCount":22,"zanCount":23,"manualWeight":23,"mainColor":24,"tagLinks":25},256124,"de-hua-yao-guan-yin-pu-sa-zuo-xiang-yi-ming-256124","德化窑观音菩萨坐像","明","佚名","藏地不详","德化窑位于今福建德化，故名。作为著名的瓷窑，是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n德化瓷器是中华陶瓷烧造中的艺术珍品，始于宋代，明代后得到巨大发展。以白瓷塑佛像闻名。其制作细腻，雕刻精美，造型生动，体现了古代劳动人民的卓越才能和艺术创造力。\n在今福建德化，故名。是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n碗坪仑烧瓷较屈斗宫古窑址早，烧青白瓷，有的接近白釉，刻花蓖划纹装饰较多，盒子遗留甚丰，盖面所印阳纹装饰达一百余种，题材之丰富在南方地区首屈一指，南宋时有专门制作盒子的作坊，盒盖上阳文印花装饰题材丰富，有动物、花卉等近百种图案。划花间篦划纹亦较多，饰在碗、盘、瓶等器物上。\n屈斗宫元代办烧青白瓷，从南宋至元代。明代盛烧白瓷观音、达摩等塑像，胎釉浑然一体，如同白玉，被赞为"象牙白"、"奶白"或 "天鹅绒白。清代除烧白瓷外，盛烧青花与彩绘瓷器。元代以来，德化窑瓷器输出海外，菲律宾、马来西亚出土有元代德化窑青白瓷，泰国及东非坦桑尼亚等国家也出土有清代德化窑青花瓷器。\n这种瓷器的制作工艺程序如下：他们从地下挖取一种泥土，将它垒成一个大堆，任凭风吹、雨打、日晒，从不翻动，历时三、四十年。泥土经过这种处理，质地变得更加纯化精炼，适合制造上述各种器皿，然后抹上认为颜色合宜的釉，再将瓷器放入窑内或炉里烧制而成。因此，人们挖泥堆土，目的是替自已的儿孙贮备制造瓷器的材料而已，大量的瓷器是在城中出售， 一个威尼斯银币能买到八个瓷杯“。马可波罗的介绍，引起了西方人的强烈兴趣。",[12,13,14,15,16],"明代","陶瓷","宗教","人物","白瓷","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa6d1086e512217239a88e43458e023fb.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","瓷器精选",[20],2,0,"795548",[26,28,30,32,34],{"name":12,"slug":27},"ming-dai",{"name":13,"slug":29},"tao-ci",{"name":14,"slug":31},"zong-jiao",{"name":15,"slug":33},"ren-wu",{"name":16,"slug":35},"bai-ci",1777535465880]