[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":41},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-duan-shi-diao-yun-fu-tuo-yuan-yan-yi-ming-272598":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":19,"material":20,"size":21,"collection":22,"collections":23,"showCount":24,"zanCount":24,"manualWeight":24,"mainColor":25,"tagLinks":26},272598,"duan-shi-diao-yun-fu-tuo-yuan-yan-yi-ming-272598","端石雕云蝠椭圆砚","清","佚名","藏地不详","砚台历经秦汉、魏晋，至唐代起，各地相继发现适合制砚的石料，开始以石为主的砚台制作。其中采用甘肃岷县的洮河石、广东端州的端石、安徽歙州的歙石制作的砚台，被分别称作洮砚、端砚、歙砚。史书将洮、端、歙称作三大名砚。清末，又将河南洛阳的澄泥砚与洮、端、歙，并列为中国四大名砚。也有人主张，以天然砚石雕制的鲁砚中的红丝石砚代替澄泥砚，合称四大名砚。\n谈起砚的种类有许多种，从砚的材质可分为：玉砚、银砚、铜砚、铁砚、陶砚、瓷砚、石砚、漆砚等，其中石砚是最为普遍，也最实用的一种砚。砚台起源于新石器时代。最早的砚是半坡村遗址出土的研磨颜料的研磨器，在1980年，大陆考古学家曾在陕西省临潼县姜寨一处原始社会的遗址中，发现了一套原始人用以陶器彩绘的工具，其中有一方石砚，砚有盖，砚面微凹，凹处并有一根石质磨杵，砚旁留存数块黑色颜料。很显然，这是先民们借助磨杵研磨颜料的早期砚的形制。由于这处遗址归属于母系氏族时期的仰韶文化，故这方砚台的实际寿龄已超过了五千年了。\n清代端石砚要求因材施艺，因石构图，在题材、立意、构图、造型、利用何种雕法都要精心推敲，刻划得当。保持了端砚的古雅、朴实，古色古香、形态自然的特点。如北京故宫收藏的「端石双龙砚」、「猫蝶砚」是端砚中的佳品。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18],"砚","端石","雕刻","云蝠","椭圆","木质","文房","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd5a984f9457e98895d7b6739f6844826.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],0,"795548",[27,29,31,33,35,37,39],{"name":12,"slug":28},"yan",{"name":13,"slug":30},"duan-shi",{"name":14,"slug":32},"diao-ke",{"name":15,"slug":34},"yun-fu",{"name":16,"slug":36},"tuo-yuan",{"name":17,"slug":38},"mu-zhi",{"name":18,"slug":40},"wen-fang",1777535531549]