[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":38},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-duan-shi-zhu-jie-shi-yan-yi-ming-271324":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":18,"material":19,"size":20,"collection":21,"collections":22,"showCount":23,"zanCount":23,"manualWeight":23,"mainColor":24,"tagLinks":25},271324,"duan-shi-zhu-jie-shi-yan-yi-ming-271324","端石竹节式砚","清","佚名","藏地不详","砚台历经秦汉、魏晋，至唐代起，各地相继发现适合制砚的石料，开始以石为主的砚台制作。其中采用甘肃岷县的洮河石、广东端州的端石、安徽歙州的歙石制作的砚台，被分别称作洮砚、端砚、歙砚。史书将洮、端、歙称作三大名砚。清末，又将河南洛阳的澄泥砚与洮、端、歙，并列为中国四大名砚。也有人主张，以天然砚石雕制的鲁砚中的红丝石砚代替澄泥砚，合称四大名砚。\n谈起砚的种类有许多种，从砚的材质可分为：玉砚、银砚、铜砚、铁砚、陶砚、瓷砚、石砚、漆砚等，其中石砚是最为普遍，也最实用的一种砚。砚台起源于新石器时代。最早的砚是半坡村遗址出土的研磨颜料的研磨器，在1980年，大陆考古学家曾在陕西省临潼县姜寨一处原始社会的遗址中，发现了一套原始人用以陶器彩绘的工具，其中有一方石砚，砚有盖，砚面微凹，凹处并有一根石质磨杵，砚旁留存数块黑色颜料。很显然，这是先民们借助磨杵研磨颜料的早期砚的形制。由于这处遗址归属于母系氏族时期的仰韶文化，故这方砚台的实际寿龄已超过了五千年了。\n清代端石砚要求因材施艺，因石构图，在题材、立意、构图、造型、利用何种雕法都要精心推敲，刻划得当。保持了端砚的古雅、朴实，古色古香、形态自然的特点。如北京故宫收藏的「端石双龙砚」、「猫蝶砚」是端砚中的佳品。",[12,13,14,15,16,17],"砚","端石","竹纹","文房用具","雕刻","木质","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc4e50f20c3ed7ce70e6eb34080abbb92.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],0,"BDBDBD",[26,28,30,32,34,36],{"name":12,"slug":27},"yan",{"name":13,"slug":29},"duan-shi",{"name":14,"slug":31},"zhu-wen",{"name":15,"slug":33},"wen-fang-yong-ju",{"name":16,"slug":35},"diao-ke",{"name":17,"slug":37},"mu-zhi",1777535535346]