[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-han-yuan-tu-li-rong-jin-231402":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":26,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":30,"showCount":31,"zanCount":32,"manualWeight":33,"mainColor":34,"tagLinks":35},231402,"han-yuan-tu-li-rong-jin-231402","汉苑图","元","李容瑾","台北故宫博物院","此图分为殿阁区和水面区两部分，景色各异，作者采用鸟瞰式的构图，将殿阁和水面貌一一展现。刻画得非常具体细致，画面的右侧为殿阁区，以直线、横线、斜线绘成了一组优美的宏伟的建筑群：用笔严谨，刻画精到细密，一丝不苟。\n画面上，宫苑殿阁依山傍水而建，描绘了三重天井。由左下角十字歇山顶的桥亭，沿山径进入画面第一重天井，左侧围以曲折的长廊，廊外水面上构筑一重檐歇山顶的凉亭。再向上进入画面第二重天井，左右两侧均以悬崖削壁为天然屏幛。第三重天井中建一高峻的台基，台面上矗立着一座巍峨的双层楼阁，上层为重檐十字歇山顶，下层檐的左、右、前方各出一歇山抱厦。\n汉代宫苑早于汉高祖、萧相国时，即有营建。当时之未央宫，因龙首山制前殿，建东阙、北阙、武库、太仓等，周围二十八里，台殿池苑无数，宫成后常为朝见之所。王莽末年毁于兵火。如班固的《西都赋》、张衡的《西京赋》中，有关于汉代宫苑盛况的详尽描述，此轴则以绘画的形式展现了汉苑的宏丽气象。\n全画取近乎长方形的构图，殿阁占去画面的三分之二，整个汉苑图，宫阙巍峨，连甍矗栋，雕栏回廊，殿阁缛丽重深，周围树木耸峙，掩映成趣。在这一建筑群的高处，遥望远处，为烟波浩渺的水面，碧波万顷，气象万千；直到很远的地方与起伏的小山相接。凉亭临水，江水泊岸，楼台掩映，楼台亭阁生辉；近处植有松柏，林木翁翳，花竹摇艳，移步换影，处处秀丽迷人的景色；遥望远处，山山水水，美不胜收。其殿阁楼台等建筑物，其严谨笔直的线条与苍松崖石的穿插姿态相映，更显出楼阁的气势非凡。精湛的笔墨则再现了汉苑特有的风釆。\n图中的建筑从群体的布局组合到单体的结构装饰，都不是道地的汉时规范，而是宋以后的形制，例如鸱尾和脊兽的处理就是明证。但画家将历史和现实、景和情、势和意，通过惨淡的经营、创造的意匠，实现了统一。\n此图界画工整，折算精确，游规矩准绳之内而不为所窘。此图景物恢弘，气魄博大。树石画法承北宋郭熙，多作双勾夹叶，用笔粗壮放达，与郭熙《窠石平远图》相一致。但与郭熙不同，《汉苑图》纯用夹叶树，满山遍冈，葳蕤郁茂，增添了画面豪华郁丽的氛围。近境坡石从卷云皴化出，圆润流畅，清空跌宕；遥山旷荡，杂树暝漾，神韵独绝。\n中国美术学院艺术人文学院教授毛建波：汉代国家统一，国力殷实，都城、宫殿、苑囿、礼制建筑和陵墓等，十分兴盛。汉代苑囿规模惊人，作为游乐之所，苑囿里的宫殿常于中轴对称之外有更多自由灵活的处理，这种情形在《汉苑图》中有很好的体现。\n北宋内府《宣和画谱·宫室叙论》：“画者取此（指宫室）而备之形容，岂徒为是台榭、户牖之壮观者哉？虽一点一笔，必求诸绳矩，比他画为难工。”",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25],"国画","书画","立轴","界画","工笔","设色","楼阁","宫殿","山水","树木","建筑","山石","庭院","古建筑","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fbef6d6d9c9afdd18b07e1bff7f30e833.jpg","绢本","纵156.6厘米，横108.7厘米","",[],12,1,0,"795548",[36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60,62],{"name":12,"slug":37},"guo-hua",{"name":13,"slug":39},"shu-hua",{"name":14,"slug":41},"li-zhou",{"name":15,"slug":43},"jie-hua",{"name":16,"slug":45},"gong-bi",{"name":17,"slug":47},"she-se",{"name":18,"slug":49},"lou-ge",{"name":19,"slug":51},"gong-dian",{"name":20,"slug":53},"shan-shui",{"name":21,"slug":55},"shu-mu",{"name":22,"slug":57},"jian-zhu",{"name":23,"slug":59},"shan-shi",{"name":24,"slug":61},"ting-yuan",{"name":25,"slug":63},"gu-jian-zhu",1777535427278]