[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":52},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-he-xie-tu-ye-yi-ming-234076":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":22,"material":23,"size":24,"collection":25,"collections":26,"showCount":27,"zanCount":28,"manualWeight":29,"mainColor":30,"tagLinks":31},234076,"he-xie-tu-ye-yi-ming-234076","荷蟹图页","宋","佚名","北京故宫博物院","宋代的花鸟画是五代黄筌徐熙两家体制基础上得以发展的。北宋初一百多年，黄家体制便是院体规范。北宋中期崔白、吴元瑜变革院体，表现出吸收徐熙一派画法。宋徽宗对不同画风兼收并蓄，南宋画院亦是如此。所以就总体上而言院体继承了黄徐二家的体制。黄氏体制的画法为用墨勾线定形，或填色或染墨，笔法细劲而有变化，其典型之作为工笔设色一类。再看徐熙画法，徐铉称之为“落墨为格，杂彩副之，迹与色不相隐映”。徐熙则自称“未尝以傅色晕淡为功”。\n《宣和画谱》对徐熙很是推崇，认为当时画花者多以色晕染而成，徐熙独到之处在于落墨，极有骨气风神。将黄徐两家的典型风范相比较，黄家偏重于色彩的晕染，徐熙偏重于墨线造型的笔法表现。这其中涉及重色、重墨、运笔造型之道等问题，绘画之形似正由此而来。宋代院体花鸟画的典型面貌为工笔设色一类，讲求赋色之功、笔法之道、造型之细致。宋代院体花鸟画综合黄徐二家，不过在不同时期、不同画家身上有着各自的特点。\n宋代院体花鸟画之所以能够在传神方面达到很高的境界，在于能够从自然万物中直接取得，生意趣味浓厚是其重要的特征，当时众多的作品具备这样的素质。对物象神态丰富细致的描绘是花鸟画成熟的表现。宋代院体花鸟画在细致写实中有得于此。\n《荷蟹图》可能是荷花螃蟹类题材最早的作品。残败的荷叶枯黄斑驳，半浸于水中，一只团脐雌蟹挥螯伏于叶上。潺潺流水中生长、飘浮着红蓼、蒲草、浮萍、水藻等，其叶片边沿均已泛黄，显示出时已临秋，金秋时节，正是蟹美膏肥之时，荷叶的颓势与雌蟹的鲜活形成强烈的对比。画面刻意求真，荷叶用双钩夹叶法描绘，叶之叶筋、斑纹及莛上的小刺都刻意求工，雌蟹用笔缜密严谨。《荷蟹图》画面意境生动，题材别出新意，为宋人写实画作的典范。荷蟹题材在后来的大写意花鸟画中，被徐渭进一步发扬光大，最著名的就是影响深远的徐渭代表作《黄甲图》。这种影响一直波及到现代大家齐白石。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21],"国画","名画","书画","册","工笔","设色","花鸟","荷","蟹","水草","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3e974c0d6c4e3129014ed0ecd3f0dc5f.jpg","绢本设色","28.4x28cm","",[],39,1,0,"795548",[32,34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50],{"name":12,"slug":33},"guo-hua",{"name":13,"slug":35},"ming-hua",{"name":14,"slug":37},"shu-hua",{"name":15,"slug":39},"ce",{"name":16,"slug":41},"gong-bi",{"name":17,"slug":43},"she-se",{"name":18,"slug":45},"hua-niao",{"name":19,"slug":47},"he",{"name":20,"slug":49},"xie-167",{"name":21,"slug":51},"shui-cao",1777535407832]