[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":61},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-jiang-zhu-feng-lin-tu-zhou-ni-zan-220801":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":25,"material":26,"size":27,"collection":28,"collections":29,"showCount":31,"zanCount":32,"manualWeight":32,"mainColor":33,"tagLinks":34},220801,"jiang-zhu-feng-lin-tu-zhou-ni-zan-220801","江渚风林图轴","元","倪瓒","美国大都会艺术博物馆","倪瓒，世皆称倪云林（1301-1374年），初名倪珽，字泰宇，别字元镇，号云林子、荆蛮民、幻霞子，江苏无锡人，与黄公望、王蒙、吴镇合称元四家。倪瓒山水画风疏朗峻逸、风轻云淡，这种惜墨如金的朴拙，别具一格，恰似世人心目中那种内心安宁的渴望。倪瓒出身大地主家庭，长兄为“真人”级的道教上层，在元代道教繁盛的背景下，青少年时代过得滋润无比，家中藏书名画甚众，朝夕把玩、洁身有闲，研摩书画可谓必然。\n长兄故后，倪瓒家道日渐衰落，多年不事生产且倪瓒的洁癖常为世人侧目、权贵厌弃（有传说最后得死法是被朱元璋故意扔进粪坑淹死），遂寄情山水，云游访道，漫游江林，不做官不供职，书法诗画天真无饰，毫无烟火气，人谓有魏晋风骨，后人称“倪高士”。董其昌评曰：“古淡天真，米痴(即米芾)后一人而已。”把倪瓒评为米芾之后第一人，可谓高山仰止。\n倪瓒对明清绘画影响巨大，有意无意，若淡若疏的画风为士大夫礼拜，后人仿之追之者极众，明四僧中石涛、大家董其昌、徐渭（被郑板桥、齐白石跪称：“愿为青藤门下走狗”那位）均追崇不已，至今仍被评为“中国古代十大画家”。同时代的黄公望（年长其32岁），花十年时间，替倪瓒画《江山胜揽图》卷，卷长二丈五尺余，可谓巨作，若不认可，必无此为。（顺便说下：黄公望也是全真教名人，元明画家或应考证下他们受宗教影响而形成的独特心理特征和文化背景，或可更好的理解其人创作心路。）\n《江渚风林图轴》从题诗看，应为同时代学者虞戡嘱作，诗曰：江渚暮潮初落，风林霜叶浑稀。倚仗柴门闲寂，怀人山色依微。 据说时年画家的妻子去世、小儿子亦不孝，倪瓒心中困苦寂寥而作，虽称戏写，璨若星辰矣。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24],"高清","国画","书画","立轴","水墨","山水画","皴法","枯树","老树","孤石","山水","远山","江水","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcf5097983d71d8d65fc091e89e3fc840.jpg","绢本","259.7 x 56.5厘米","山水画精选",[28,30],"水墨画精选",103,0,"BDBDBD",[35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,53,55,57,59],{"name":12,"slug":36},"gao-qing",{"name":13,"slug":38},"guo-hua",{"name":14,"slug":40},"shu-hua",{"name":15,"slug":42},"li-zhou",{"name":16,"slug":44},"shui-mo",{"name":17,"slug":46},"shan-shui-hua",{"name":18,"slug":48},"cun-fa",{"name":19,"slug":50},"ku-shu",{"name":20,"slug":52},"lao-shu",{"name":21,"slug":54},"gu-shi",{"name":22,"slug":56},"shan-shui",{"name":23,"slug":58},"yuan-shan",{"name":24,"slug":60},"jiang-shui",1777535397839]