[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-lu-tan-diao-ting-tu-wu-zhen-220782":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":27,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":31,"showCount":33,"zanCount":34,"manualWeight":35,"mainColor":36,"tagLinks":37},220782,"lu-tan-diao-ting-tu-wu-zhen-220782","芦滩钓艇图","元","吴镇","美国大都会艺术博物馆","《芦滩钓艇图卷》（现藏大都会）使吴镇享有萌画家的地位，此一点无论是国内抑或海外的艺术评论意见均颇统一。纠其原因，则是画中原本仅作为点缀的人物在画家的笔下呈现“卡通式”的形象，这一夺景的表现，并未使画作的立意失衡，而是呈现出别样的意趣来，无论是大都会所藏，还是弗利尔所藏的其他数幅吴镇所绘的“渔父图”皆是充满趣味性的形象。然我们知道其部分渔父形象的作品为仿荆浩，虽然很难再找见荆浩创作的渔父形象（可确证的）。但从台北故宫博物院所藏的北宋画家范宽之《溪山行旅图》进行观察（范早期习荆浩、李成，而该画作恰恰是习荆浩的），不难发现——吴镇画中之“渔父”形象与范宽画中的“渔父”形象，两者间颇有关联性（虽范宽的作品已较模糊，然从船体与人物构造观，尚可发现有其相通之处），故此种“卡通式”的“渔父”形象，许于唐未的荆浩画中，已形成其旨趣，只是后人不觉，皆将吴镇视为萌家。\n吴镇画山水喜用湿墨，其实吴镇未尝不善用干墨，在吴镇传世几十余幅墨竹中，几乎全是用干墨画的，均取得了良好的效果。之所以吴镇在山水画中多用湿墨，这与吴镇欲借山水画表达的境界有极大的关系。北宋山水画追求一种可游、可居之景，用笔用墨都服从于山水真实体感的表达；而元人则以山水为媒，追求一种有我之景，笔墨除用表现形体外，更是充作了情感流露的媒介。在元四家中吴、倪均以画水著称，倪喜用干墨，吴则喜用湿墨。倪用干墨草草点染，创造一种荒芜、澹泊之境；吴则用湿墨，渲染出一种凄清、静穆之境。细观吴镇每一幅山水画，都给人以“水墨淋漓幛犹湿”的感觉。无论是山、树、水，还是船、渔父、房屋，无论是近景，还是远景，均如淋浴在水中，从而更使远方景物有千里之遥，营造了一种凄清、幽旷、寂寥的艺术氛围。\n吴镇画中的水墨效果是与他多种笔法、墨法的灵活运用密切相关的，湿墨决不是简单化的水量的增加。吴历云：“江山无尽、万里长江两卷，……浑然天成，五墨齐备，盖仲圭擅长，非后学者所能措手。”“五墨齐备”是吴镇用墨的高超之处，为更好地发挥墨效，吴镇在选择作画材料上很有讲究，画梅竹喜用纸，画山水则喜用绢。画山水何以选绢，因为绢有厚度，纤维富韧性，多次渲染而不皱折。吴镇非常熟悉笔、墨、绢的特点，作画中的五墨并施而不腻，反复皴擦而不胀，产生了浓而润、湿而厚、涩而不干、枯而不燥的艺术效果。吴镇清淡似水，出现了浓而透的效果。今天看吴镇作品，仍能透过作品清楚的辨别它们的组织关系。清王原祁曰：“梅道人泼墨，学者甚多，皆粗服乱头，挥洒以自鸣得意，于节节肯綮处，全无梦见。无怪乎有墨猪之诮也。”王原祁的这一评论反映了吴镇的用墨技术是非常人所能学到的。吴氏的墨法，倾倒了元以后的历代大家，沈周、文徵明、恽南田、四王、吴历、八大山人等均对吴镇墨法大加推崇。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26],"高清","国画","书画","水墨","皴法","写意","山水","孤舟","流水","树木","芦苇","渔翁","蓑笠","滩涂","水面","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa87a6f1b399c367170da229c11d740f5.jpg","纸本","39x65","山水画精选",[30,32],"水墨画精选",96,3,0,"BDBDBD",[38,40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60,62,64,66],{"name":12,"slug":39},"gao-qing",{"name":13,"slug":41},"guo-hua",{"name":14,"slug":43},"shu-hua",{"name":15,"slug":45},"shui-mo",{"name":16,"slug":47},"cun-fa",{"name":17,"slug":49},"xie-yi",{"name":18,"slug":51},"shan-shui",{"name":19,"slug":53},"gu-zhou",{"name":20,"slug":55},"liu-shui",{"name":21,"slug":57},"shu-mu",{"name":22,"slug":59},"lu-wei",{"name":23,"slug":61},"yu-weng",{"name":24,"slug":63},"suo-li",{"name":25,"slug":65},"tan-tu",{"name":26,"slug":67},"shui-mian",1777535398285]