[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":80},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-mao-lin-yuan-xiu-tu-li-cheng-221414":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":31,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":34,"collections":35,"showCount":38,"zanCount":39,"manualWeight":39,"mainColor":40,"tagLinks":41},221414,"mao-lin-yuan-xiu-tu-li-cheng-221414","茂林远岫图","宋","李成","辽宁省博物馆","由于这幅《茂林远岫图卷》没有款识，后代的收藏者也都是根据画卷后部南宋向冰、元代倪瓒以及明初张天骏三人的题跋，而将其作者定为李成。明、清时期的张丑、吴升等曾认定题跋为后人补配，怀疑作品不是李成真迹。当代鉴定家对这件作品的作者归属问题也存在着诸多推论。其实，欣赏一件古代的书画作品，首先着重看的是它的艺术质量与笔墨精神，真伪问题应在其后。\n《茂林远岫图》经南宋贾似道、元代鲜于枢、明代项元汴、清代梁清标等名家收藏，后入清宫内府，上有百余方收藏印迹。作品后有南宋向冰、元人倪瓒、明人张天骏三人题跋。画上有乾隆的一首七言诗：“元气淋漓万木枝，荆关而外自成师。奁屏合付闺中秀，砚匣琉璃冥写时。”由于南宋向冰在卷后题跋中称此图为北宋李成所作，所以该作品多被看做是流传有绪、唯一可信的李成真迹。\n展阅北宋画家李成的《茂林远岫图》轴，它给人的第一印象就是场面开阔、气势恢弘。远处的山峰顶天立地，给人以庄严、豪迈之感。近景处，小桥流水、泊岸轻舟，以及来来往往的行人车马，给人一种轻柔舒缓的感觉。它们与雄浑、巍峨的远山搭配协调、刚柔相济。楼台寺塔、流泉飞瀑点缀于溪畔崖间；丛林苍翠，连绵不断，让人观后顿觉心情舒畅。\n《茂林远岫图》用笔劲健平和，线条纤细而不孱弱，骨力内蕴，如绵里裹针。岩石先用瘦劲的线条勾勒，再以清晰、细劲的小线条慢慢皴写，层层叠加。作品用墨谨慎小心。尤其淡墨，更是细腻持重、清逸传神。作品设色不多。即使设色的地方，也是清新、醇厚，有一种雍容典雅的韵味，没有丝毫的火气与造作。\n北宋画家王诜曾将李成的画与范宽的画做过比较，说李成的画“墨润而笔净，烟岚轻动，如对面千里，秀气可掬”。的确，与范宽的画相比，李成的画更为文气，这与李成具有广博、丰厚的学识大有关系。李成的画有较浓的书卷气，这一点在传为李成的《茂林远岫图》中也体现得很明显。\n以平远法构图来表现清旷、幽远的画境是李成山水画的一大特色。他之所以多用平远法构图，一是因为平远法适合表现山东平原的烟林远丘，容易营造一种一望无际、层层推进的视觉效果，让人感觉阔远（如果用高远法或深远法来表现，就会显得局促、窄小）；二是与李成的经历有关。虽然他在世时，李唐王朝已灭亡十几年了，但作为皇族后裔的他，并不甘心就此埋没，还想东山再起。可因家道中落、仕途不顺、兵灾人祸等种种原因，他走仕途的理想最终未能实现。在多次遭到挫折的情况下，他将自己的人生目标转移到绘画上，以求得内心的平静。这一追求体现在画面上，就是意境冲淡、平和，并带有萧疏之气。平远的构图，使画家能深入地描绘对象，思维不自觉地延伸，从而达到内心的宁静。宋代郭若虚《图画见闻志》评价李成的作品“气象萧疏，烟林清旷”，甚是贴切。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30],"高清","国画","名画","书画","长卷","山水","皴法","设色","茂林","远山","树木","山石","云雾","淡墨","绢本","层峦","丛林","溪流","亭台","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F5ba9ba394d8f11186aaa0fc8c73d28ca.jpg","绢本，淡设色","纵45.4厘米，横141.8厘米","宋画精选",[34,36,37],"山水画精选","水墨画精选",144,0,"795548",[42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60,62,64,66,68,70,72,74,76,78],{"name":12,"slug":43},"gao-qing",{"name":13,"slug":45},"guo-hua",{"name":14,"slug":47},"ming-hua",{"name":15,"slug":49},"shu-hua",{"name":16,"slug":51},"chang-juan",{"name":17,"slug":53},"shan-shui",{"name":18,"slug":55},"cun-fa",{"name":19,"slug":57},"she-se",{"name":20,"slug":59},"mao-lin",{"name":21,"slug":61},"yuan-shan",{"name":22,"slug":63},"shu-mu",{"name":23,"slug":65},"shan-shi",{"name":24,"slug":67},"yun-wu",{"name":25,"slug":69},"dan-mo",{"name":26,"slug":71},"juan-ben",{"name":27,"slug":73},"ceng-luan",{"name":28,"slug":75},"cong-lin",{"name":29,"slug":77},"xi-liu",{"name":30,"slug":79},"ting-tai",1777535396056]