[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":46},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-ming-ren-ju-gang-tu-ye-yi-ming-234508":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":21,"material":22,"size":22,"collection":22,"collections":23,"showCount":24,"zanCount":25,"manualWeight":25,"mainColor":26,"tagLinks":27},234508,"ming-ren-ju-gang-tu-ye-yi-ming-234508","明人锯缸图页","明","佚名","藏地不详","在我国，制陶历史十分悠久，经考古发现，早在七八千年前，华北、华南等地就大规模生产和使用陶制品。秦汉以来，制陶工艺不断改进，人类在日常生活中使用陶制品越来越多，大件的有水缸、米缸、酱缸、酒缸，小件的有造型不一的坛罐、大小不一的缸盆。\n在没有自来水的日子里，江南一带人家通常有两只大缸，一只放在厨房，水挑满以后放些碎明矾用棍子搅一下，水清澈见底，作烧茶、煮饭之用；另一只放在天井里，下雨时盛天落水，洗脸、刷牙、洗衣服都用它，大人下河边淘米洗菜，顺便用小桶拎一桶水倒入缸中，小孩总喜欢把捉来的小鱼小虾放在里面养，时间长了便滋生孑孓虫。陶制品致命的弱点是易碎，使用过程中稍有不慎就会破裂，但经过修补后还能使用，俗话说“新缸没有旧缸光”，因此衍生了补缸这一老行当。\n“修——缸！”补缸师傅手里拎一只帆布包，里面有一把小铁锤和几只錾子，另外备有一节小竹筒，为的是调拌盐卤和铁沙。他们走街串巷时，吆喝声像水桶一样低沉雄浑。哪家需要补缸，先将缸、坛、罐抬出来，他会根据裂缝的大小、破损程度算钱，双方经过一阵讨价还价，生意就算谈妥了。\n补缸时，补缸师傅把缸先放倒，有裂缝的一面朝上，如果裂缝比较长，还要用麻绳将缸箍紧，以防敲击时把缸震裂。錾缝是个巧活，补缸师傅用三个指头捏着錾子，另一只手握住小铁锤，对准裂缝“笃、笃、笃”一阵敲击，敲得轻重不一，不紧不慢，不一会便沿着裂缝敲出一条约半公分宽的浅槽，长度往往超过裂缝，然后有间隔地在浅槽两侧敲出对称的小坑，钉入“蚂蝗攀”。“蚂蝗攀”是用熟铁打成的扁平两脚钉，形状像放大了的订书钉，它的着力点在裂缝的两侧，必要时可以把“蚂蝗攀”按缸体的弧度适当弯曲，让它更“服帖”。待这些工序全部完成后，用水将裂缝冲洗一遍，把里面的残渣清除干净，才能进行最后的填补。\n填补用的材料叫“盐生”。所谓盐生，其主要成分是生铁，将其研成极细的粉末，颜色为青灰色，使用时用盐水拌和。配置盐生，要准确把握盐与水的比例，盐放少了，铁粉不能充分凝固；盐水过浓，容易起鼓、脱落。补缸师傅凭他的经验，把握得非常精准，一般不会失手。当盐生填满所有的裂缝后，将整条缝口捺平，破缸就补好了。最后补缸师傅特别关照，得把缸放在没有人去的地方阴干，十天半月以后等“盐生”板结了，与新缸一样。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20],"国画","设色","工笔","人物","树木","缸","器物","庭院","服饰","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffc726f755f97e2b4685ca7f55a2c2214.jpg","",[],8,0,"795548",[28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44],{"name":12,"slug":29},"guo-hua",{"name":13,"slug":31},"she-se",{"name":14,"slug":33},"gong-bi",{"name":15,"slug":35},"ren-wu",{"name":16,"slug":37},"shu-mu",{"name":17,"slug":39},"gang",{"name":18,"slug":41},"qi-wu",{"name":19,"slug":43},"ting-yuan",{"name":20,"slug":45},"fu-shi",1777535434938]