[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-mo-juan-chuan-yi-tu-zhou-dong-qi-chang-237781":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":26,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":30,"showCount":31,"zanCount":32,"manualWeight":32,"mainColor":33,"tagLinks":34},237781,"mo-juan-chuan-yi-tu-zhou-dong-qi-chang-237781","墨卷传衣图轴","明","董其昌","北京故宫博物院","此图取倪瓒二段式构图，简远平阔。近景画坡石岸渚，树木几株，枝叶葱郁。中部以留白手法表现平缓的湖水，缓缓过渡到远处的山岭以及山下的村舍民居，一派温润清幽的江南丽景。作品用笔秀逸率真，精妙地运用了水墨之浓淡、干湿变化，并兼以黄公望之枯笔短皴勾擦山石，笔致浑厚润泽而不失苍率之趣，堪称董氏晚年山水画佳构。\n在董其昌的自题中表明了画此图的用意。其自题大意为：35年前（明万历十七年，即1589年）参加殿试得中进士，所作五道策文后被好书之人所收藏。今有从事书画交易的中间人携来再观，虽觉彼时书法因时间紧迫而不佳，但作为自己成就功名的试卷，便以此图换回墨卷，交付孙子董庭保存，以昭示诗书传家之意。\n在这段自题中，出现了两个关键词语“南宫”、“策”。“南宫”一词原意指南方星宿，汉时以南宫一词比拟尚书省，后代又称礼部为南宫。明清时期，殿试由皇帝主持，除以王、公等为监试外，由礼部尚书为总管。“策”为文体之一种，古时科举试士用“策”对之，尤其是殿试之时，只考“制策”一场，故亦称策试。据《明史》卷二二八《董其昌传》所载：“万历十七年进士，改庶吉士”，则可以肯定，作者自题中所述“己丑南宫墨卷五策”，其意所指为作者当年殿试时所作五卷策文。至于十分重要的殿试策文如何能够为好事者所得，尚有待考定。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25],"国画","书画","立轴","水墨","皴法","名画","山水","山","树","房屋","河流","小船","石头","松树","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F12dfe63490e986e77004199f4eeab82f.jpg","纸本，墨笔","纵101.5厘米，横46.3厘米","书法精选",[29],52,0,"BDBDBD",[35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,53,55,57,59,61],{"name":12,"slug":36},"guo-hua",{"name":13,"slug":38},"shu-hua",{"name":14,"slug":40},"li-zhou",{"name":15,"slug":42},"shui-mo",{"name":16,"slug":44},"cun-fa",{"name":17,"slug":46},"ming-hua",{"name":18,"slug":48},"shan-shui",{"name":19,"slug":50},"shan",{"name":20,"slug":52},"shu",{"name":21,"slug":54},"fang-wu",{"name":22,"slug":56},"he-liu",{"name":23,"slug":58},"xiao-chuan",{"name":24,"slug":60},"shi-tou",{"name":25,"slug":62},"song-shu",1777535404445]