[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":58},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-qiu-gua-tu-qian-xuan-231403":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":24,"material":25,"size":26,"collection":27,"collections":28,"showCount":29,"zanCount":30,"manualWeight":31,"mainColor":32,"tagLinks":33},231403,"qiu-gua-tu-qian-xuan-231403","秋瓜图","元","钱选","台北故宫博物院","该图中描绘了瓜熟之际，野草旁生，新花又开的田园一景。该图以工笔淡彩方法处理瓜、花、叶，而野草则勾线设色与没骨法兼用，怒意洒落，尤显野逸。此图精致典雅，与宋代小品画一脉相承，然而又透出一股书卷气，作者意在追求一种清润淡雅的画格。画家以朴素无华的笔调拟绘田园景物，在题诗中表达了一个知识分子对隐逸生活的态度和情怀。\n图中写甜瓜一柄，老叶几片，一丛杂草，蜿蜒的藤蔓上开着白花。\n画家在图中题诗一首：“金流石烁汗如雨，削入冰盘气似秋。写向小窗醒醉目，东陵闲说故秦侯。”\n中国花鸟画的题材包罗万象，各种动植物都隶属其中。其中对于蔬果的细致描绘，要属北宋赵昌较早。自此而后，蔬果遂成为画家们反复描绘的对象。宋元时，西瓜成为蔬果画的主题，其中部分作品流传下来，《秋瓜图》便是钱选在写生的基础上绘制而成的，它是一幅较早描绘蔬果类的作品，且其所描绘的就是西瓜。\n该图题诗中引用“东陵侯种瓜”的典故，秦朝的东陵侯召平，在秦亡后降为平民，因家贫，种瓜于长安城东以为业。由于他种的瓜味道特别甜，遂被称为东陵瓜。东陵侯召平，由王侯贵胄而跌落红尘，历经谋生的艰难，反因种瓜而留名后世。因此，“东陵侯”成为传统文化中隐士的象征，“东陵瓜”也成为传统象征隐士品德的重要文化符号。东陵种瓜，钱选售画，两者均经历世变的沧桑与跌落凡尘的劫难。画家透过题诗，个体生命与历史文化进行连接与对话，显示画中秋瓜图的作者实为隐士的真正身份。这样，钱选在历史文化的记忆中找到自我生命的安顿。钱选笔下的秋瓜，显然不是现实之物，而是承载历史文化记忆的传统之物，是根植于传统文化脉络之上的果实，是可以在炎热的夏季令人警醒的文化记忆。\n该图所摄取景物集中于画幅的下端，画瓜地中秋瓜一枚，秋瓜果呈长圆形，近椭圆，瓜皮乌黑发亮，瓜楞清晰可见，且黑白对比鲜明，非常醒目。瓜藤蔓延，藤花绰约，有野草数茎衬托其后，瓜叶宽大，其中有瓜叶一片着地半萎，已是瓜果成熟的秋季。硕大的秋瓜用墨绿渍染，呈现碧绿油亮的色彩，瓜楞施以白粉，瓜楞分明，瓜叶脉用细笔勾勒，用笔细致精到，设色淡雅，翠色斑烂。藤花先用细笔勾勒，施以白粉，白色的花朵和墨绿的瓜果和叶形成黑白鲜明的对比。\n该图构图简洁，作者用折枝法在写生基础上经过了艺术的提炼，删繁就简，突出了画面的意境情趣。该图最明显的特点，画幅不大，却画得精致典雅，但精致而不艳丽，细腻而不纤巧，具有清润淡雅的格调，该图呈竖长方形构图，下不留地，上留有较大的空白，近于画面二分之一弱，有作者自题诗给填补，对整个画幅起到了充实其内容及平衡作用。\n台北故宫博物院院长石守谦：《秋瓜图》的精致写实、细腻处理，也显示了南宋职业画中不可或缺的高度技巧，不过他却刻意地采用轻淡的设色，以示其与一般画师之区别。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23],"名画","国画","书画","立轴","工笔","设色","花鸟","瓜","叶子","花卉","草","印章","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F80176e7550578ceea6d1fcbd2d4966b9.jpg","纸本","纵63.1厘米，横30厘米","",[],69,1,0,"BDBDBD",[34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56],{"name":12,"slug":35},"ming-hua",{"name":13,"slug":37},"guo-hua",{"name":14,"slug":39},"shu-hua",{"name":15,"slug":41},"li-zhou",{"name":16,"slug":43},"gong-bi",{"name":17,"slug":45},"she-se",{"name":18,"slug":47},"hua-niao",{"name":19,"slug":49},"gua",{"name":20,"slug":51},"ye-zi",{"name":21,"slug":53},"hua-hui",{"name":22,"slug":55},"cao",{"name":23,"slug":57},"yin-zhang",1777535401205]