[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":91},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-que-hua-qiu-se-quan-juan-zhao-meng-fu-220894":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":35,"material":36,"size":37,"collection":38,"collections":39,"showCount":41,"zanCount":42,"manualWeight":42,"mainColor":43,"tagLinks":44},220894,"que-hua-qiu-se-quan-juan-zhao-meng-fu-220894","鹊华秋色全卷","元","赵孟頫","台北故宫博物院","鹊华秋色图，元代画家赵孟頫于元贞元年（1295）回到故乡浙江为好友周密所作的纸本水墨设色山水画，现藏于台北故宫博物院。\n鹊华秋色图描绘的是济南东北华不注山和鹊山一带秋景，画境清旷恬淡，表现出恬静而悠闲的田园风味。采用平远构图，以多种色彩调合渲染，虚实相生，笔法潇洒，富有节奏感。\n《鹊华秋色图》画中是一片辽阔的泽地和河水，从近景直伸展到远处的地平线。在这好像无际的平远景上，最重要的是两座山：右方突立的是三角形，双峰笔直的华不注山；盘踞在左面的是鹊山，形如面包，又如水牛的脊背。画题就是由这两座山而起的。鹊华二山与近景之间，树木紧多，疏落散布，有杨树、稚松及其他各类。画的左方，可见山羊四五只，在几所简陋的茅舍简啮食。水边轻舟数叶，舟中渔叟正安静地工作。其时正是秋天——一片宁静，有的树叶已脱落了，有的亦赤黄相间。然而村人对这些美景混然不觉，只埋头于他们日常的生计。\n从题跋可知，《鹊华秋色图》作于元贞元年（1295年）冬。这年，作者在任满济南路总管府事，奉召进京又称病辞官回到故乡吴兴。与此同时，祖籍济南的南宋文学家周密自曾祖父随宋高宗南渡客居吴兴后，从未回过故乡，听归隐山林后的作者时常赞美济南的优美风光，勾起了思乡之情，于是请他详细介绍故乡的风土人情。作者被周密深深的家乡情结所打动，觉得把济南风光画出来赠与友人，比口头讲述更加直观形象，便挥毫泼墨，作下这幅画。\n作者虽然受召于元朝，遭到众多宋氏遗臣的诟病，却终其一生都对隐而不仕的南宋遗臣表达出相当程度的理解和尊重。从这个意义上说，《鹊华秋色图》也是在向那些对南宋一朝忠心耿耿而隐居不仕的士人传达作者自己的真实意图。\n作者把两座山分左右布局，右边是华不注山，左边是鹊山，均安排在远景位置。两座山的形状，呈尖三角形（华不注山），一呈半圆形（鹊山），两者遥遥相对。在刚柔对比中，更显得华不注山的险峻奇突。图中中景、近景表现出一片辽阔苍茫的景象。平川洲渚，红树芦荻，房舍隐现。图中林木种类颇多，红绿相间，枯润相杂。树姿高低且变化丰富，布置得宜，聚散自然，多而不繁，疏朗有致。在这水乡山色之中，几个渔民在劳作，或撑篙、或扳网，还有一人策杖漫步在田野，远处可见散放着的牛群，整个画面洋溢着牧歌般的恬静气氛。\n画上树干不是用两条线勾廓外形，而是把边线与树皮的纹理结合在起勾绘。用笔似乎旋转，线条往复重叠，增添了树干的质感。画上近景中景的树叶，点绘得比较疏朗，远树画得简洁，整体感较强。鹊山用披麻，皴法较密。华不注山正面运用了“荷叶皴”，线条从上直落，交叉处稍留空白，突出山的嶙峋之姿。侧面用“解索皴”，整个山体两边皴擦少，边线模糊，但体积感较强。汀岸、平原采用了长披麻并以笔力的轻重，线条的疏密，落墨的深浅凸显干湿，表现出了大自然的节奏和生命。房舍人畜、芦荻舟车均精描细点，再渲染青、赭、红、绿，设色明丽清淡，风格古雅俊秀。作者创造性地将水墨山水与青绿山水融为一体，笔法灵活，风苍秀简逸，富有创新之意。\n图中两座山峰，鹊山为淡花青，华不注山为淡青绿，颜色较为醒目。其他诸景如洲渚、树木等多施以深浅不一的青色，房屋、牛群和一些树叶则用红、黄、精等暖色系，色调冷暖交汇，既显示出秋的清旷高洁，亦呈现出人情的和乐安详。\n明·陈继《泥古录》：山头皆着青绿，全学王右丞与董源。\n在《鹊华秋色图》中，作者以深湛的笔墨功力诠释了即达放逸的山水意境，不仅丰富了文人山水画的表现手段和内涵，更初步确立了元代山水画坛清远自然的整体风格和蕴藉典雅的审美格调，为后世的中国山水画奠定了基础。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34],"高清","国画","书画","长卷","水墨","设色","工笔","皴法","书法","行书","印章","山水","孤山","平原","河流","树木","房屋","村落","远岫","近水","平野","远树","近岸","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fdc6e45f6523596086c4e10a81385abb5.jpg","白纸本","纵：28.4厘米，横：90.2厘米","山水画精选",[38,40],"设色画精选",35,0,"795548",[45,47,49,51,53,55,57,59,61,63,65,67,69,71,73,75,77,79,81,83,85,87,89],{"name":12,"slug":46},"gao-qing",{"name":13,"slug":48},"guo-hua",{"name":14,"slug":50},"shu-hua",{"name":15,"slug":52},"chang-juan",{"name":16,"slug":54},"shui-mo",{"name":17,"slug":56},"she-se",{"name":18,"slug":58},"gong-bi",{"name":19,"slug":60},"cun-fa",{"name":20,"slug":62},"shu-fa",{"name":21,"slug":64},"xing-shu",{"name":22,"slug":66},"yin-zhang",{"name":23,"slug":68},"shan-shui",{"name":24,"slug":70},"gu-shan",{"name":25,"slug":72},"ping-yuan",{"name":26,"slug":74},"he-liu",{"name":27,"slug":76},"shu-mu",{"name":28,"slug":78},"fang-wu",{"name":29,"slug":80},"cun-luo",{"name":30,"slug":82},"yuan-xiu",{"name":31,"slug":84},"jin-shui",{"name":32,"slug":86},"ping-ye",{"name":33,"slug":88},"yuan-shu",{"name":34,"slug":90},"jin-an",1777535409379]