[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":53},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-san-shan-wu-yuan-tu-yi-ming-223331":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":23,"material":24,"size":25,"collection":24,"collections":26,"showCount":27,"zanCount":28,"manualWeight":28,"mainColor":29,"tagLinks":30},223331,"san-shan-wu-yuan-tu-yi-ming-223331","三山五园图","清","佚名","藏地不详","在北京西郊的西山脚下，有一片泉泽遍野，群峰叠翠的地方，从公元11世纪起，这里就开始营建皇家园林，到800年后清朝结束时，园林总面积达到了1000多公顷。在这些皇家园林中，最著名的就要数“三山五园”了。\n“三山五园”中的三山是指香山、玉泉山和万寿山。这三座山上分别有静宜园、静明园、清漪园，再加上东边的畅春园和圆明园，就是所谓的五园。如此集中的皇家园林为世所罕见。这主要还是得力于这里优美的自然环境，以及北京作为京城的人文优势。\n在北京的西北郊，素有神京右臂之称的西山，峰峦连绵，自南趋北，余脉在香山的部位兜转而东，远远拱列于北京的西北面。在它的腹心地带，两座小山岗双双平地突起，这就是玉泉山和万寿山。它们附近泉水丰沛，湖泊密布，形成有如江南的优美自然景观，这在华北地区是不多见的。\n早在辽、金时期，香山、玉泉山就有了皇家行宫别苑的建置。但金、元、明三代的主要精力都放在在修建北京的城池和城内的皇宫。这里真正成为皇家独占的宫廷园囿，还是清王朝兴起以后的事。\n清朝的皇帝们十分热衷于园林的建设，尤其是康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝，基本奠定了京城皇家园林的建设格局和规模，“三山五园”就是其中的核心部分。\n三山五园中建造最早的是畅春园，它于康熙二十九年（即公元1691年）建成，位于今天的北京大学一带，是在明代私家园林的旧址上修建的。今天我们在北京大学的校园里，还依稀可以找到一些旧日园林的痕迹。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22],"高清","设色","界画","工笔","山水","楼阁","流水","园林","建筑","湖泊","山脉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faf339820c8e9c1373d7b74bcee1b035e.jpg","","51x88",[],26,0,"795548",[31,33,35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51],{"name":12,"slug":32},"gao-qing",{"name":13,"slug":34},"she-se",{"name":14,"slug":36},"jie-hua",{"name":15,"slug":38},"gong-bi",{"name":16,"slug":40},"shan-shui",{"name":17,"slug":42},"lou-ge",{"name":18,"slug":44},"liu-shui",{"name":19,"slug":46},"yuan-lin",{"name":20,"slug":48},"jian-zhu",{"name":21,"slug":50},"hu-po",{"name":22,"slug":52},"shan-mai",1777535413500]