[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":39},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-shuang-chi-niu-yuan-ming-yuan-xi-yi-ming-276989":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":18,"material":19,"size":20,"collection":21,"collections":22,"showCount":23,"zanCount":24,"manualWeight":24,"mainColor":25,"tagLinks":26},276989,"shuang-chi-niu-yuan-ming-yuan-xi-yi-ming-276989","双螭纽“圆明园”玺","清","佚名","藏地不详","印章，用作印于文件上表示鉴定或签署的文具，一般印章都会先沾上颜料再印上，不沾颜料、印上平面后会呈现凹凸的称为钢印，有些是印于蜡或火漆上、信封上的蜡印。制作材质有 玉石、金属、木头、石头等。印章是中国传统文化的代表之一\n明代（1368～1644年）皇帝、王府之宝用玉箸篆玉印。这种篆书“笔画两头肥瘦均匀，末不出锋”，乃“篆书正宗也”（清?陈沣《摹印述》）。御宝舍两宋九叠文而直溯唐以上之玉箸篆，意味着九叠文禁锢公印的冰山已经松动。\n此外，明代内阁印用玉箸文银印，直钮，方一寸七分，厚六分；将军印用柳叶文，平羌、平蛮、征西、镇朔等将军印用螭鼎文，皆银印虎钮，方三寸三分，厚九分；其余百官印都用九叠文，铜印直钮，这类印比重最大。如故宫博物院藏明洪武二十二年（1389年）造“朵颜卫都指挥使司之印”。\n明代直钮已由两宋长方形板状钮变为上小下大的椭圆柱状，加高到8厘米左右，形成后世俗称的“印把子”。明代官印背款皆凿年款及编号。\n应该指出，两宋之时，九叠文中所谓的“九”是—个概数，极言其多，不一定确有九叠，也可能只有五叠、七叠，叠即一字中横画的层数。但明代九叠文中绝大多数确有九层横画。\n清代百官印等级区分同样十分严格，印章普遍有所增大。其字体有蒙古文楷书、满文、汉篆等。最常见的是汉满文对照同时出现在印面上，这也是清公印的一大特点。其中汉篆中，九叠文不太兴盛，出现了玉箸篆、悬针篆、柳叶篆、芝英篆等等。",[12,13,14,15,16,17],"印章","篆刻","玉石","雕刻","螭","兽","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F09f77f7d1bfdfd65f3f4161e251336fa.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],2,0,"BDBDBD",[27,29,31,33,35,37],{"name":12,"slug":28},"yin-zhang",{"name":13,"slug":30},"zhuan-ke",{"name":14,"slug":32},"yu-shi",{"name":15,"slug":34},"diao-ke",{"name":16,"slug":36},"chi",{"name":17,"slug":38},"shou",1777535462382]