[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":84},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-shui-zhu-ju-tu-ni-zan-232639":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":33,"material":34,"size":35,"collection":36,"collections":37,"showCount":38,"zanCount":39,"manualWeight":39,"mainColor":40,"tagLinks":41},232639,"shui-zhu-ju-tu-ni-zan-232639","水竹居图","元","倪瓒","中国国家博物馆","此图以青绿设色绘江南初秋景色。山势低平，山前溪水渚坡坡上杂树五株，树后茅屋丛篁。画中笔墨沉实，赋形具体，山色苍翠，画法谨严运笔圆滑苍劲，略有董、巨遗法。\n此图写一仙居景致，其中静水潺潺，间以坡石、水渚、小桥相错；近岸处坡石层累，其上疏木参差偃仰，虬枝繁叶；近岸平地，一茅舍院落掩映树间，若隐若现；栅外修竹环绕，浴风飒飒；远处群峦竞秀，青翠欲滴；山下岸处坡石簇簇，林木深深。\n按图上作者题款：“至正三年，癸未岁八月望日，进道过余林下，为言僦居苏州城东有水竹之胜。因想像图此……” 知，此《水竹居图》作于元至正三年（1343年），倪瓒43岁时作品。此图系倪瓒依友人所述而浮想创作而成。\n倪瓒生长在太湖之滨的一个地主家庭里。有一所庞大的庄园，其中的清閟阁藏书画达数千卷，为倪瓒提供了成长为一个封建文人画家的物质条件。倪瓒的画，大多描绘幽居山林或漫游太湖的景色，但更多的是画了主观的感受，有着强烈的感情色彩。静谧、荒寒、孤独、空虚，可以说是倪瓒作为画家的状态写照，使内心无告的忧烦，在这样的意境中寻求排遣与解脱。《水竹居图》即是体现了这一点。\n另外，此《水竹居图》有拆割、拼配题跋、加钤伪印等迹象，故也被部分学者认为是伪作。特别是《水竹居图》上的文、董二题，分别题于诗塘和裱边，非常容易被割移、拼配，且很多书画鉴定家认为，此作品本幅上的作者印鉴本身就是被加钤的伪印鉴，但这些都并不能必然地说明《水竹居图》本身为伪作。现多数鉴家仍评定，此为《水竹居图》为真迹勿疑。\n《水竹居图》是倪瓒内心寻求排遣与解脱的写照，画中自题的诗句更是道出了画家的隐居思想，是倪瓒的“自娱”与“适兴”之作。该图是画家根据友人叙述，景州城东有水竹胜景，依靠想象图绘坡石、树木、茅屋等景象。在题诗中画家想象了在此隐居，与琴诗为伴的理想生活。诗都反映出元代中晚期的隐逸思想。元代中后期的隐逸是一种任情适性，是将个人的精神价值与日常生活行为相融合的生活方式。文人不再热衷于在政治上有所作为，而是在自然中寻求自我身境与心境的安适。\n此《水竹居图》中“一水两岸”，即由近坡、中水、远丘组成的“三段式”构图，画面中的竹树茅屋，隔溪远岫平林但由于前后景排得较近，所以显得紧凑坚实，所写物象、图上晋韵小楷长题及荒寒幽冷之意境则与之一脉相承，整个画面弥散着幽静、清凉的气氛。\n《水竹居图》用笔浑厚圆润，与后来的轻笔渴墨显然不同，但内在笔性还是一致的。图中树叶用松针点、介字点、仰叶点等数种，用笔浓淡相间，树干多渲染皴擦，极近形似。远处的树，树干只用淡墨画出外轮廓，没有皴染，树叶用排点点出，显得郁郁葱葱，似不经意而韵味内存。唐志契在所著《绘事微言》中提到树木画法时说：“写枯树最难苍古，然画中最不可少名家枯树各各不同，如荆关则于秋冬二景最多，其枯枝古而浑，乱而整，简而有趣，到郭河阳则用鹰爪，加以细密，如范宽则其上如扫帚样，亦有古趣，李成则繁而琐碎，笔笔清劲，董源则一味古雅，简当而已。倪元镇则数君可以兼之，要皆难及者也。”《水竹居图》里的树木，有董源的简当古雅之质，特别是后面的排树，在后面的山体的衬托下，很容易让人看到董源《潇湘图》的影子。\n明代宗泐：“山人水行居，画图看更好，十年不归来，茅屋秋风老。”（《题〈水竹居图〉》）\n明代张丑：“余初蓄户南仙山楼阁卷，人多致焉，赖久之未几自定……乃今赏鉴元镇僦居城东矮幅，虽家喻尸晓，弗信也，鲜有不非笑之者，然不笑不足以为道。鸣呼.安能起三公于九原与之面相印可耶？”（《清河书画舫》）\n近代书画鉴赏家马宝山：《水竹居图》是倪早年作品，与其晚年作品本有所不同。（《书画碑帖见闻录》）",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32],"高清","国画","山水画","文人画","青绿设色","茅屋","修竹","坡石","溪水","小桥","林木","山峦","水渚","仙居","静谧","荒寒","幽冷","楷书","书法","印章","皴法","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F40b691851048c31237d37c2b1b88f286.jpg","纸本","纵48厘米，横28厘米","",[],25,0,"BDBDBD",[42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60,62,64,66,68,70,72,74,76,78,80,82],{"name":12,"slug":43},"gao-qing",{"name":13,"slug":45},"guo-hua",{"name":14,"slug":47},"shan-shui-hua",{"name":15,"slug":49},"wen-ren-hua",{"name":16,"slug":51},"qing-lv-she-se",{"name":17,"slug":53},"mao-wu",{"name":18,"slug":55},"xiu-zhu",{"name":19,"slug":57},"po-shi",{"name":20,"slug":59},"xi-shui",{"name":21,"slug":61},"xiao-qiao",{"name":22,"slug":63},"lin-mu",{"name":23,"slug":65},"shan-luan",{"name":24,"slug":67},"shui-zhu",{"name":25,"slug":69},"xian-ju",{"name":26,"slug":71},"jing-mi",{"name":27,"slug":73},"huang-han",{"name":28,"slug":75},"you-leng",{"name":29,"slug":77},"kai-shu",{"name":30,"slug":79},"shu-fa",{"name":31,"slug":81},"yin-zhang",{"name":32,"slug":83},"cun-fa",1777535413897]