[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-ta-ge-tu-zhou-ma-yuan-233880":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":28,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":32,"showCount":33,"zanCount":34,"manualWeight":34,"mainColor":35,"tagLinks":36},233880,"ta-ge-tu-zhou-ma-yuan-233880","踏歌图轴","宋","马远","北京故宫博物院","“踏歌”是中国南方乡间一个非常古老的习俗，村民们辛苦耕耘一年，终于迎来了丰收，于是全村的男女老幼，踏着节拍，边歌边舞，欢庆收获并感谢大自然的恩赐，就好像过年过节一样快乐热闹。\n从表面上看，《踏歌图》像是一幅表现自然山川风貌的山水画，而实际是一幅描绘人间生活的风俗画。作者马远在图中安排了不多的几个点景人物，使画中的主题得到了充分的展示。画家并没有去描绘乡间踏歌盛况的全貌，而是选取了几个非常有代表性的乡民形象：一个中年村民，因为高兴多喝了几碗酒，步履蹒跚，摇摇晃晃，醉意十足，但是那个盛酒的葫芦却没有忘记，仍然好好地背在肩上；一个白胡子老汉，同样也喝了不少酒，一只手拄着拐杖，另一只手高高抬起，双脚离地，手舞足蹈，兴奋异常。他们的举止行为已与他们的年龄不相符合，所以显得特别滑稽可笑。作者马远描绘了这几个成年人之后，觉得还不足以表达欢快纵情的气氛，特地在画幅的左下角安排了男女两名幼童，他们回过身来，瞪着惊异的眼睛，看着自己的长辈，平时家长的恃重和威严怎么都没有了？年龄稍大的女孩，还用手捂住了嘴巴，偷偷在发笑。这两组点景人物相互呼应、相互衬托，把“踏歌”欢愉快乐的情绪推向了极致。可是细看图中，作者只不过画了六个人，却能将气氛渲染得如此充分。从这六个村民身上，完全可以感受到整个村庄中传出来的歌声、踏地的节拍声和欢快的笑声。画家马远“以一当十”、“以小见大”的艺术表现手法，实在是太高妙了。\n几个人物在图中所占的位置很小，但却最为引人注目。人物线条挺拔刚劲，人物动态活泼有趣，都显示了马远不凡的技艺。\n马远画山石的方法也极有特点。他运用毛笔的侧锋平扫，以表现陡峭的山势和坚硬石头的质感，山石犹如巨斧劈出一般，这种用笔的方法被人称之为“斧劈皴”，从《踏歌图》轴中亦可见一斑。在画幅的构图方面，马远也有创新。他喜欢将图中的山石集中于某一边角，形成虚实的对比，故此他有了“马一角”的称呼，当然在这件作品中这一特点不是十分明显。马远画树也有自己的习惯，他经常把树的枝条画得向下斜拖，所以有人将它归纳为四个字“拖枝马远”。\n在马远的这幅《踏歌图》的上方，题有五言绝句一首，这是南宋皇帝宁宗赵扩抄录北宋王安石的诗句。诗为：“宿雨清畿甸，朝陽麗帝城，豐年人樂業，壟上踏歌行。”这是南宋皇帝对太平盛世的企盼，供奉宫廷的画院画家马远即以此诗为题作画。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27],"国画","名画","立轴","水墨","设色","山水","山石","树木","枯树","小路","人物","楼阁","云雾","流水","皴法","斧劈皴","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fef222b397a3288ca11990ad05068a142.jpg","绢本，设色","纵192.5厘米，横111厘米","",[],151,0,"795548",[37,39,41,43,45,47,49,51,53,55,57,59,61,63,65,67],{"name":12,"slug":38},"guo-hua",{"name":13,"slug":40},"ming-hua",{"name":14,"slug":42},"li-zhou",{"name":15,"slug":44},"shui-mo",{"name":16,"slug":46},"she-se",{"name":17,"slug":48},"shan-shui",{"name":18,"slug":50},"shan-shi",{"name":19,"slug":52},"shu-mu",{"name":20,"slug":54},"ku-shu",{"name":21,"slug":56},"xiao-lu",{"name":22,"slug":58},"ren-wu",{"name":23,"slug":60},"lou-ge",{"name":24,"slug":62},"yun-wu",{"name":25,"slug":64},"liu-shui",{"name":26,"slug":66},"cun-fa",{"name":27,"slug":68},"fu-pi-cun",1777535395843]