[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":45},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artwork-zhi-yuan-tang-zha-lin-ze-xu-241621":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"dynasty":7,"author":8,"museum":9,"description":10,"tags":11,"thumbUrl":20,"material":21,"size":22,"collection":23,"collections":24,"showCount":25,"zanCount":26,"manualWeight":26,"mainColor":27,"tagLinks":28},241621,"zhi-yuan-tang-zha-lin-ze-xu-241621","致远堂札","清","林则徐","藏地不详","林则徐（1785年8月30日－1850年11月22日），字元抚，又字少穆、石麟，晚号俟村老人、俟村退叟、七十二峰退叟、瓶泉居士、栎社散人等，福建侯官县人，中国清代后期政治家、文学家、思想家，民族英雄。\n林则徐是嘉庆十六年（1811年）进士，历官翰林编修、江苏按察使、东河总督、江苏巡抚、湖广总督等职。道光十九年（1839年），以钦差大臣赴广东禁烟时，派人明察暗访，强迫外国鸦片商人交出鸦片，并将没收鸦片于虎门销毁。该事件被认为是第一次鸦片战争的导火线。战争爆发不久，林则徐被构陷革职，发往新疆戍边。道光二十五年（1845年）重获起用，历任陕甘总督、陕西巡抚、云贵总督等职，加太子太保。道光三十年（1850年），林则徐在奉命镇压拜上帝会起事途中，病逝于潮州普宁。获赠太子太傅，谥号“文忠”。有《林文忠公政书》等作品传世。\n林则徐一生遍历地方，治绩卓著。虽在两广抗击西方入侵，但对于西方的文化、科技和贸易则持开放态度，主张学其优而用之。由他主持编译的《四洲志》及魏源编撰的《海国图志》，对晚清的洋务运动乃至日本的明治维新都具有启发作用。",[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19],"清代","书画","书法","行书","水墨","毛笔","纸质","信札","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffc07b5e0f2275edb5f34465a48d04494.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],3,0,"BDBDBD",[29,31,33,35,37,39,41,43],{"name":12,"slug":30},"qing-dai",{"name":13,"slug":32},"shu-hua",{"name":14,"slug":34},"shu-fa",{"name":15,"slug":36},"xing-shu",{"name":16,"slug":38},"shui-mo",{"name":17,"slug":40},"mao-bi",{"name":18,"slug":42},"zhi-zhi",{"name":19,"slug":44},"xin-zha",1777535456741]