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这是赵孟頫关于绘画与书法笔墨相通之理论的名句，对后世文人画的影响至深。",[78,79,80,82,84,136,83,86,85],"老树","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F80a72737a59228d852dc208411a0e28d.jpg","纸本","纵27.5cm，横62.8cm",[89,6],322,7,{"id":16,"slug":144,"title":145,"dynasty":73,"author":146,"museum":75,"description":147,"tags":148,"thumbUrl":152,"material":126,"size":153,"collection":89,"collections":154,"showCount":155,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"zhu-zhi-tu-juan-ni-zan-220804","竹枝图卷","倪瓒","倪瓒的《清閟阁全集》卷九中有一段著名的《跋画竹》：“……余之竹聊以写胸中逸气耳，岂复较其似与非，叶之繁与疏，枝之斜与直哉！或涂抹久之，它人视以为麻为芦，仆亦不能强辩为竹，真没耐览者何……”。观此图，竹干与枝节形态宛然，竹叶偃仰疏密布置得当，生意十足，可知作者并非真的不求形似，而是在形似的基础上进一步强调神似，追求笔墨的逸趣，并借以抒发自己的心性。正如倪瓒自己所说：“下笔能形萧散趣，要须胸次有筼筜！”图中用笔峭劲灵动，似懒实苍，实已得墨竹画萧散清逸的旨趣。只有真正做到“胸中有成竹”并辅以高超的笔墨技巧，才能创作出如此优秀的艺术作品。",[78,149,79,80,150,82,83,85,124,151],"名画","长卷","行书","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F41d030d476c04d5be58a178a4a413fb1.jpg","纵34厘米，横76.4厘米。",[89,6],291,1,{"id":17,"slug":158,"title":159,"dynasty":160,"author":161,"museum":75,"description":162,"tags":163,"thumbUrl":165,"material":166,"size":167,"collection":168,"collections":169,"showCount":170,"zanCount":115,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"xiang-long-shi-tu-juan-zhao-ji-221341","祥龙石图卷","宋","赵佶","卷首画有一块立状太湖石，石顶端生有异草几株。太湖石宛如一条上下翻滚的蛟龙，其形貌占据了奇石必备的五个审美条件：瘦、漏、皱、透、丑。细看石上，有楷书“祥龙”二字。宋徽宗将此类奇石异草的出现，视为大宋国运之祥兆，赞之“挺然为瑞”，竭尽全力绘之。图左有宋徽宗为祥龙石而作的瘦金体题诗：“祥龙石者，立于环碧池之南，芳洲桥之西，相对则胜瀛也。其势胜湧，若虬龙出为瑞应之状，奇容巧态，莫能具绝妙而言之也。廼亲绘缣素，聊以四韵纪之。彼美蜿蜒势若龙，挺然为瑞独称雄。云凝好色来相借，水润清辉更不同。常带瞑烟疑振鬣，每乘宵雨恐凌空。故凭彩笔亲模写，融结功深未易穷。”署款“御制御画并书”，押署“天下一人”，钤朱文印“御书”、“宣和殿宝”，徐邦达先生认为此印“不佳，真伪待考”（徐邦达《古书画伪讹考辨》），但《祥龙石图》卷被公认为是宋徽宗的真迹。鉴定徽宗真迹的标尺除了瘦金体“御制御画并书”、“天下一人”画押及朱印“御书”和双龙御玺外，书画风格也是一项重要依据，即结合赵宋家族的书画历史特别是徽宗本人的美学思想及北宋绘画的历史发展状况，寻找其中存在的风格上的逻辑关系，再结合当时及晚一辈名人的题识，综合多种因素来判断。\n当时的徽宗特别迷恋太湖石，为了加大采运力度，特设苏杭应奉局专门在太湖周围开挖湖石。石工们因长期泡在水里挖石，导致肢体皮肤溃烂。运送巨石时，甚至不惜拆桥过船，靡费国资不计其数。徽宗根据一些湖石的形状封其为“盘固侯”、“蹲螭坐狮”、“金鳌玉龟”等吉祥名号，画中的“祥龙石”可能就是其中的一块。宋徽宗处心积虑地寻找花石纲和各种祥瑞之物，欲借此稳定朝廷、安抚民心，同时也为他提供了艺术创作的素材。在充满了道教神仙思想的宋徽宗看来，描绘祥瑞之物的绘画活动不仅仅是单纯的艺术创作，而且也是祈祷国家和民族福祉的独特形式和粉饰太平的最好的政治工具，《祥龙石图》卷正是这种思想的反映。\n有史以来，宋徽宗第一个在艺术创作上实现了诗书画印的完整统一。在《祥龙石图》卷中，徽宗的题画诗不在卷尾，而是作为画面构成的一个部分，这必定是作者将构思和构图同时经营的结果，这在中国绘画史上有着划时代的重要意义。该卷构图极简，用色颇精，格调雅致，具有典型的北宋院体绘画的艺术风格。画家以墨笔层层渲染出太湖石的坑眼，结构分明，笔墨细腻入微，极其工整精雅，极可能是写生之作。该卷钤有元内府“天历之宝”等印玺，拖尾有清代陈仁涛、吴荣光的题跋，《辛丑消夏记》著录。",[78,79,80,150,164,82,84,83,85,124],"工笔","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0d21118b231b6391de049a9701658812.jpg","绢本","纵53.8厘米，横127.5厘米","宋画精选",[168,89,6],283,"795548",{"id":18,"slug":173,"title":174,"dynasty":120,"author":121,"museum":75,"description":122,"tags":175,"thumbUrl":177,"material":126,"size":127,"collection":89,"collections":178,"showCount":179,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"lan-zhu-tu-wen-zheng-ming-221972","兰竹图",[78,79,80,81,82,176,83,85,151],"兰","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb4f2b2285d9f379fc589aa9f5071a31f.jpg",[89,6],278,{"id":19,"slug":181,"title":182,"dynasty":73,"author":74,"museum":75,"description":76,"tags":183,"thumbUrl":184,"material":126,"size":185,"collection":89,"collections":186,"showCount":187,"zanCount":188,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"mo-zhu-po-shi-tu-zhou-wu-zhen-220774","墨竹坡石图轴",[78,79,80,149,81,82,124,83,84],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe9d252d4771dcd257aaed5371ff0080f.jpg","纵103.4厘米，横33厘米。",[89,6],269,4,{"id":20,"slug":190,"title":72,"dynasty":73,"author":191,"museum":75,"description":192,"tags":193,"thumbUrl":194,"material":195,"size":196,"collection":89,"collections":197,"showCount":198,"zanCount":115,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"mo-zhu-po-shi-tu-gao-ke-gong-221692","高克恭","这是一幅典型的文人墨竹画，是元代画家高克恭的代表作。图绘秀石一块，竹二株生于石后，一浓一淡，笔法沉厚挺劲，墨气清润，结构谨严。竹叶自然下垂，生动地写出了竹子在烟雨中挺秀潇洒的姿态。\n本幅左下方高氏自识：“克恭为子敬作。”钤“彦敬”印。右侧钤“清父之印”、“顾氏珍玩”、“吴景旭印”、“仁山鉴定”等鉴藏印6方。\n“子敬”为元初著名学者、书法家龚璛。画面右侧中部有赵孟頫题诗一则：“高侯落笔有生意，玉立两竿烟雨中。天下几人能解此，萧萧寒碧起秋风。子昂题。”下钤“赵子昂氏”印。从题诗中可看出赵氏对高克恭的墨竹极为推崇，而高氏对自己的墨竹也自视颇高，尝自谓：“子昂写竹，神而不似；仲宾（李衎）写竹，似而不神，其神而似者，吾之两此君也。",[78,79,149,80,81,82,83,84,85,124],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fce981bedac3fc255cca37a531f85e131.jpg","纸本，水墨","纵121.6厘米，横42.1厘米",[89,6],219,{"id":21,"slug":200,"title":201,"dynasty":73,"author":133,"museum":75,"description":202,"tags":203,"thumbUrl":204,"material":205,"size":206,"collection":89,"collections":207,"showCount":208,"zanCount":209,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-shi-tu-zhou-zhao-meng-fu-220869","竹石图轴","枯木竹石图是历代文人善画的题材,约始于唐代，至北宋文同、苏轼有较大的发展，南宋、金元间继有作者，至赵孟頫加以强调，形成一时风尚，终元一代盛行不衰。\n赵孟頫画枯木竹石，在继承文、苏的基础上，将书法的用笔融于绘画之中，他主张“书画同源”，即以书入画，其驰名古今画坛的名诗句“石如飞白木如籀，写竹还于八法通。”对后世画坛影响巨大，此图即体现了这一理论，用书法的“飞白”写出石及枯树干，章法简洁，笔法苍健洒脱，透出力度。竹以流畅的笔调，以“个”字或“介”字，一笔一笔撇捺，既有力又含蓄，富笔墨情趣，体现了文人画家的风雅韵致。\n从此图署款和绘画风格推断，当是赵孟頫晚年之作。",[78,79,80,81,82,86,83,84,106],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F46e366d2b4e02d71e45a12788491653e.jpg","绢本，墨笔","纵108.2厘米，横48.8厘米",[89,6],205,2,{"id":22,"slug":211,"title":212,"dynasty":73,"author":213,"museum":75,"description":214,"tags":215,"thumbUrl":217,"material":126,"size":218,"collection":89,"collections":219,"showCount":220,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"qing-bi-ge-mo-zhu-tu-zhou-ke-jiu-si-221834","清閟阁墨竹图轴","柯九思","本幅自识：“至元後戊寅十二月十三日，留清閟閣，因作此卷。丹丘生題。”钤“柯氏敬仲”。\n竹，由于被传统文人赋予了“虚心异众草，节劲逾凡木”的人格象征，因此，自宋代文同等人倡导始，到元代已成为极受欢迎的绘画题材。从技法上看，有勾勒填色的“画竹”与墨笔写意的“写竹”之分。此图即属于“写竹”一路画法。柯九思曾主张：“画竹写干用篆法，枝用草书法，写叶用八分或用鲁公撇笔法。”（《珊瑚网·画跋·卷八》）观此图画法，拳石皴法浑厚，实源于董巨一派，而墨竹则全法文同。作者以淡墨写干，用笔挺拔圆浑，宛如篆书，竹节两端再复垂墨，不勾节却连属自然。竹叶行笔沉着稳健，一如后人形容他的墨竹 “大叶长梢动冕旒”，以深墨为面，淡墨为背，正是源自文同。（米芾曾言：“……（画竹）以深墨为面，淡墨为背，自文同始。”）再加上劲健的小枝穿插其间，使丛竹于庄重、淳厚之中显示出活脱的生韵。",[78,79,80,82,81,83,84,85,124,216],"写意","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F82d0dc87b7672540a9fb1c0aaa1a8915.jpg","纵132.8cm，横58.5cm",[89,6],177,{"id":23,"slug":222,"title":223,"dynasty":73,"author":74,"museum":224,"description":225,"tags":226,"thumbUrl":227,"material":138,"size":228,"collection":89,"collections":229,"showCount":230,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"mo-zhu-ce-wu-zhen-220770","墨竹册","台北故宫博物院","《元吴镇墨竹册》是吴镇创作的水墨画，作品创作于元代，作品所画的是墨竹。页高403厘米，宽52厘米。现藏于台北故宫博物院。\n吴镇曾说的墨竹之法：“疏不至冷，繁不至乱，翻向正背，转侧低昂，雨打风翻，各有法度”。 吴镇的墨竹把文学意蕴融入到艺术表现手法中，开创了文人画重意蕴之风，使中国文人画得到了关键性的发展，加深了文人画的思想内涵和潜在表现力，起到了承前启后的重要作用。之后的姚绶、文征明、唐寅等名家均不同程度受到了他的影响。特别是清代后期的蒲华，在继承了吴镇墨竹飘逸高傲之气的同时，又在“形”、“韵”两方面下功夫，使以竹为题材的艺术创作和审美情趣在清末达到了又一个高峰。明代文学大家陈继儒在《梅花庵记》中写道：“先生书仿杨凝式，画出入荆关董巨，初虽无意于啖名，而品格既真，则身价自不能压之使下，画苑推元四大家必屈指先生”，充分说明了吴镇在画坛上的公认地位。\n吴镇生于南宋灭亡次年，当时抗元气氛仍很浓厚，再加上元朝知识分子地位的骤降，使得他只能通过艺术作品来抒发心中的强烈感触与不平。墨竹是文人画中的常见题材，吴镇的墨竹则是中国画史上的极品，其成就甚至超过他的山水画，为后人留下了诸多传世佳作以及丰富的理论论述。\n吴镇的墨竹理论大约可分为三个部分：一是对竹子人格化的认识，这是他创作的原动力；二是画竹者的心境；三是具体的技法。他认为，画竹不仅要展现竹子的外在形态，更要显现其内在风骨和精神，反映更高的旨趣。他将竹子作为自身人格的真实写照，赋予其虚心劲节、直竿凌云、高风亮节的深刻寓意；在用笔时不求工细，只讲究写意神似，重在抒发自己的主观情趣：譬如生长于绝处的竹子，彰显的是处劣境不改其节，居陋地不扰平淡之心的君子风范；空山野地之竹则如隐士巢父、许由般高洁脱俗，远离浊世。吴镇正是将这种种体会与感受，自然而又随意地融入到自己的作品中，展现出多姿多彩的墨竹神韵。\n吴镇笔下的诸般墨竹姿意潇洒，可谓极尽竹之生态与情意：春夏秋冬、晴雨风雪、俯仰横斜皆各不相同。他运用墨的浓淡粗细，将竹的干、节、枝、叶描绘得繁而不乱、疏密有致；特别是采用浓、淡、破、焦、湿等方法把墨分为七色，将竹子的萧瑟灵性、远近枯荣表现得淋漓尽致、层次无穷。除了强调总体法度之外，吴镇还对细微处的技巧颇有研究。他认为画墨竹要分为干、节、枝、叶四个方面：“而叠叶至难，于此不工则不得为佳画矣”；画竹时须“下笔要劲，节实按虚起，一抹便过，少迟留则必钝厚不銛利矣”，画叶时应竭力避免“精似桃叶，细如柳叶，孤生并立，如又如井，太长太短，蛇形鱼腹，手指蜻蜓”等“疏密偏轻，使人厌观”之病。",[149,79,80,82,104,216,83],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7ed6606134c966f2275eb0bcfe36c8f6.jpg","纵40.3厘米，横52厘米",[89,6],170,{"id":24,"slug":232,"title":233,"dynasty":73,"author":74,"museum":234,"description":235,"tags":236,"thumbUrl":239,"material":138,"size":240,"collection":89,"collections":241,"showCount":242,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"ku-mu-zhu-shi-tu-wu-zhen-220777","枯木竹石图","浙江省博物馆","元吴镇所绘的《枯木竹石图》画的山中古木竹石， 藏巧于拙。近处古木枝桠遒劲，非常古雅清逸；石头尖峭如削。在构图上的确鬼斧神工,技高一筹。另外,此图在设色用笔上也足能代表吴镇的风格。枯木竹石图在好几个朝代都有画家的画作，也是中国山水画的常用名词。是作者以枯木（以物）抒情的一种表现手法，图中画的是扭曲干枯的枯树，挣扎着向外伸展，表现了作者坚硬顽强的性格，怪石与枯木皆用清淡、空灵、松散的笔墨似勾似擦，虽笔墨不多，却与其傲岸豪放的性格相一致，抒写了作者胸中的磊落不平。\n吴镇十八九岁开始学画，年轻时游历杭州，吴兴，饱览太湖风光。开眼界，长见识，大自然的真山真水，启迪了他创作灵感。其工诗文书法，绘画题材多为渔父、古木、竹石之类，善画山水、梅花。草书学巩光，山水师法董源、巨然而又独出机杼，以雄强笔法辅以丰富墨法，自有一种苍茫沉郁、古厚纯朴之气。精写竹，师李衎，晚年则专写墨竹。墨竹宗文同，为文同后又一大家。善于用墨，淋漓雄厚，为元人之冠。兼工墨花，亦能写真。同以竹掩其画，镇以画掩其竹。其画虽势不能夺，唯以佳纸笔投之，欣然就几，随所欲为，乃可得也。诗词风格简劲奇拔，感情真挚，常以比兴自吐胸臆，接近陶潜诗风，外示平淡而内实郁愤。书法能结合王羲之和怀素之长而自具面目。每作画往往题诗文于其上，或行或草，墨沈淋漓，诗、书、画相映成趣，时人号为“三绝”。其画风对明清山水画的发展，有较大影响。他与王蒙、黄公望、倪瓒齐名，并称为元四家。\n吴镇画山水喜用湿墨，其实吴镇未尝不善用干墨，在吴镇传世几十余幅墨竹中，几乎全是用干墨画的，均取得了良好的效果。之所以吴镇在山水画中多用湿墨，这与吴镇欲借山水画表达的境界有极大的关系。北宋山水画追求一种可游、可居之景，用笔用墨都服从于山水真实体感的表达；而元人则以山水为媒，追求一种有我之景，笔墨除用表现形体外，更是充作了情感流露的媒介。在元四家中吴、倪均以画水著称，倪喜用干墨，吴则喜用湿墨。倪用干墨草草点染，创造一种荒芜、澹泊之境；吴则用湿墨，渲染出一种凄清、静穆之境。细观吴镇每一幅山水画，都给人以“水墨淋漓幛犹湿”的感觉。无论是山、树、水，还是船、渔父、房屋，无论是近景，还是远景，均如淋浴在水中，从而更使远方景物有千里之遥，营造了一种凄清、幽旷、寂寥的艺术氛围。",[78,149,79,82,86,216,237,83,238,176],"枯木","石","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F5797621a7b1b78697492ac6ae81f2540.jpg","纵103.3厘米 横33.3厘米",[89,6],156,{"id":25,"slug":244,"title":245,"dynasty":73,"author":74,"museum":246,"description":247,"tags":248,"thumbUrl":249,"material":250,"size":251,"collection":89,"collections":252,"showCount":253,"zanCount":115,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"duo-fu-tu-zhou-wu-zhen-220775","多福图轴","天津博物馆","吴镇画墨竹自称是“戏写”，表现了他画竹时怡然自得的心境，这必须做到“心手两相忘，融化同造物”。他通过题画诗来使墨竹人格化，强调竹子的坚韧个性。他以“虚心抱节”来赞颂竹子既虚怀若谷、又坚守气节的人格化的植物特性。\n吴镇非常爱梅，家室四周遍植梅树，取斋名“梅花庵”。墨梅流派的发展，从释仲仁开始，在写实的形态上以清淡疏简为宗。至扬无咎，更把仲仁的点墨变为直率的带有飞白的用笔。《多福图》以墨笔绘树石丛竹，格调简率遒劲，信笔挥洒，墨色淋漓，布局错落有致。吴镇在画古梅的枝干时，显示了能放能收、力能扛鼎的沉郁超旷。此图表现老梅一枝，峭石一块，疏竹一丛，显得老辣沉浑。\n画面右上草书自题五言诗一首，“长忆古多福，三茎四茎曲。一叶动机舂，清风自然足。”署款“梅花道人戏墨”。",[78,149,79,80,81,82,83,84,85],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc6205111b6eff3ed5d23ced59c90d8da.jpg","纸本,墨笔","96×28.5cm",[89,6],146,{"id":26,"slug":255,"title":256,"dynasty":120,"author":257,"museum":224,"description":258,"tags":259,"thumbUrl":260,"material":261,"size":262,"collection":89,"collections":263,"showCount":264,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"feng-zhu-tu-tang-yin-222365","风竹图","唐寅","《风竹图》是明代著名画家唐寅所作的一幅花鸟画，以风中之竹为描写对象。画中的风中之竹随风飘动，极富动感。\n此幅写风中之竹随风飘动，富有动感。截取局部特写，构图别致。取文同画竹法“浓墨为面，淡墨为背”，写意象之竹，融以书法用笔，其飞白效果颇具文人趣味。自题书法端庄秀美，笔划劲挺，并成为构图的一部分。迢迢阁题识：卷地尘沙起大风，篷头乱舞小庭中。欹枝折节难为直，一片西飞一片东。次唐子畏风竹图诗韵。己丑冬至录旧作。\n唐寅是一个饱尝了世态炎凉的滋味的画家，29岁时因为科场舞弊案被无辜牵连，蒙冤入狱。家里变得“僮仆据案，夫妻反目，归有狞狗，当门而噬”。画家在给文徵明的信中说：“昆山焚如，玉石皆毁，下流难处，众恶所归，海内遂以寅为不齿之士，握拳张胆，若赴仇敌。知与不知，皆指而唾，辱亦甚矣！”画中迎朔风而傲然挺立的风竹，几乎就是画家所处境况的再现。",[78,79,80,81,82,83],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc343a82dd43ee374a328fc69adbd27c4.jpg","浅设色","47厘米 37.8厘米",[89,6],134,{"id":27,"slug":266,"title":267,"dynasty":98,"author":99,"museum":75,"description":268,"tags":269,"thumbUrl":272,"material":273,"size":274,"collection":89,"collections":275,"showCount":276,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"song-zhu-tu-yun-shou-ping-220981","松竹图","《松竹图》轴，本幅右上自题五绝一首并款署：“徒倚白云外，盘桓陶径深。\n相看惟石友，同有岁寒心。\n瓯香馆制，白云溪外史寿平。\n此图所绘松、竹、石是文人画家惯写的题材。\n因恽氏晚年自号“白云溪外史”，题画诗中首句“徒倚白云外”当为实写。\n“盘桓陶径深”出自陶渊明《归去来辞》，表达了作者拟学陶渊明而归隐白云溪之意。\n所绘松竹苍劲秀丽，画面所呈现出的明洁秀逸正是画家晚居时悠然淡逸心境的写照。",[78,79,80,81,82,103,270,83,271,86],"松","怪石","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1ac69767522d422b20ffb0fe1c00fbcf.jpg","纸本，设色","纵135.8cm，横61.3cm",[89,6],128,{"id":28,"slug":278,"title":279,"dynasty":73,"author":74,"museum":280,"description":281,"tags":282,"thumbUrl":283,"material":250,"size":284,"collection":89,"collections":285,"showCount":286,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":94},"song-shi-tu-zhou-wu-zhen-220776","松石图轴","上海博物馆","元代绘画中，文人画占据画坛主流。因元代未设画院，除少数专业画家直接服务于宫廷外，大都是身居高位的士大夫画家和在野的文人画家。他们的创作比较自由，多表现自身的生活环境、情趣和理想。山水、枯木、竹石、梅兰等题材大量出现，直接反映社会生活的人物画减少。作品强调文学性和笔墨韵味，重视以书法用笔入画和诗、书、画的三结合。在创作思想上继承北宋末年文同、苏轼、米芾等人的文人画理论，提倡遗貌求神，以简逸为上，追求古意和士气，重视主观意兴的抒发。与宋代院体画的刻意求工、注重形似大相径庭，形成鲜明的时代风貌，也有力地推动了后世文人画的蓬勃发展。在元代短短90余年内，画坛名家辈出，其中以赵孟頫、钱选、高克恭、王渊等和号称元四家的黄公望、吴镇、倪瓒、王蒙最负盛名。\n《松石图》凸现在视野中心的只是一棵松树，然而他画的不是直立挺拔的苍松，而是一株干如弯弓，枝干倒长的怪松，它巍然挺立，雄视万物，表现出一种世俗难以羁绊、常人难以匹敌的气慨。它的孤傲、不同凡俗正是吴镇抗怀孤德个性的自喻。\n国家文物鉴定委员会委员、国家文物局文物鉴定资格审核委员、故宫博物院研究员杨臣彬，徐邦达先生入室大弟子,精擅古书画鉴定。上世纪八十年代在民间收藏中发现吴镇《松石图》。《松石图》名款为“梅花道人墨戏”，铃印“梅花庵”、“嘉兴吴镇仲圭书画记”，系清宫旧藏之物。一古松的枝杆横卧上方，松下有湖石水草，构图呈上下两段，留出大片空白，各自为阵且互有联系。用浓墨在树石上点苔，浓重厚密。树石用笔倔强刚劲而不张扬外露，多用中锋，沉着老到，得古松苍劲之质，古松虽老，但无枯涩之感，干淡的用笔不失腴润，墨法鲜活，鲜嫩的水草和斑驳粗重的古松形成鲜明对比。",[78,149,79,80,81,82,86,270,238],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F5441b5aa161a241633f08c79149ce2db.jpg","122.44x46cm",[89,6],119,{"id":29,"slug":288,"title":289,"dynasty":73,"author":146,"museum":224,"description":290,"tags":291,"thumbUrl":292,"material":138,"size":293,"collection":89,"collections":294,"showCount":295,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"gu-mu-zhu-shi-tu-zhou-ni-zan-220792","古木竹石图轴","《古木竹石图轴》绘坡石间疏竹数丛，枯树两株，笔墨浓淡相间，富有层次感，境界清旷，意境简远，呈现出一片清静幽远的气象。画轴上方有元明余诠、唐肃、高巽志、于思缉、张简、吴卢充、王璲等七处题诗。",[78,79,80,81,82,86,84,83,136,85],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F575c01e50d18d2d517bef35aebf5ff48.jpg","47x27.4",[89,6],118,{"id":30,"slug":297,"title":298,"dynasty":73,"author":213,"museum":280,"description":299,"tags":300,"thumbUrl":301,"material":126,"size":302,"collection":89,"collections":303,"showCount":304,"zanCount":209,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"mo-zhu-tu-juan-ke-jiu-si-221832","墨竹图卷","元代伯颜不花题记：予旧藏东坡枯木丛竹一小卷，每闲暇，于明窗净几间，时复展玩，不觉尘虑顿消，颇得佳趣耳。 一日，友人赠我文湖州墨竹一枝，与坡仙画枯木图高下一般，不差分毫， 喜曰：此天成配偶也！如张华之雄剑遇雷焕之雌剑， 遂合于延平之津，神物有对，终必合也，此卷亦然。遂粘为一卷， 名曰：二妙事岂偶然哉？至正十五年岁在乙未十月上浣，高昌伯颜不花苍岩谨识。济南邢侗子愿鉴定。",[78,79,80,150,82,83,124,151,85],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7dc715dfe5b99d815d10e9ee48591023.jpg","纵23.4厘米，横87厘米",[89,6],115,{"id":31,"slug":306,"title":307,"dynasty":160,"author":308,"museum":309,"description":310,"tags":311,"thumbUrl":316,"material":317,"size":318,"collection":168,"collections":319,"showCount":320,"zanCount":115,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-chong-tu-zhou-zhao-chang-221298","竹虫图轴","赵昌","日本京都国立博物馆","此图画幽篁疏影，双钩填彩，以色之而飞，又绘天牛、螽蜥，无不刻画入微，瓜赞，相阿弥题签，天室和尚题跋。浓淡来显叶之向背、竿之盘曲。枝叶饱满， 叶果实又仿效徐崇嗣的“没骨”画法。设姿态多样。另有花卉野瓜、蝴蝶蜻蜓萦绕 色浓丽而又不隐墨骨。",[78,149,79,80,81,164,103,108,83,312,313,314,315],"蝴蝶","虫","花","叶子","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3caf6fb1a56d046b3a504e74b2fa9ef8.jpg","轴，绢本设色","纵99 4厘米，横54 2厘米",[168,112,6],113,{"id":32,"slug":322,"title":119,"dynasty":73,"author":323,"museum":324,"description":325,"tags":326,"thumbUrl":327,"material":103,"size":328,"collection":89,"collections":329,"showCount":330,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"mo-zhu-tu-zhao-yong-221863","赵雍","美国大都会艺术博物馆","赵雍（1289-1369），字仲穆，湖州人。赵孟頫之子，官至同知湖州路总管府事。书画继承家学，擅山水，尤精人物鞍马，亦作界画。书善正、行、草，亦长篆书。精鉴赏。",[78,79,149,80,82,124,151,85,83],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F22c49ae27cf37c90ce47878755601d49.jpg","26.7×172.7cm",[89,6],108,{"id":33,"slug":332,"title":201,"dynasty":73,"author":333,"museum":75,"description":334,"tags":335,"thumbUrl":336,"material":166,"size":337,"collection":89,"collections":338,"showCount":339,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-shi-tu-zhou-gu-an-221699","顾安","该图里画的是在顾安作品里较少见的晴竹。只见几竿瘦竹挺立于石边，前后分布，迎让相宜，并以淡墨绘出。前边两竿的枝叶呈生长旺势，以重墨写就的竹叶参差错落，且线条锋锐有力；劲健的笔法，表现出爽利的韵味。竹节是用一小扁圆圈表示的，这种画法习惯上称“圈节法”，与后世画家常用的“乙字勾节法”不同。画竹笋叶尖的笔墨非常精巧，顿挫扭转，生意盎然。后面的竹竿上，依稀可辨的嫩叶又显现出新竹的娇影，使读者可感画家对生活细腻的观察，和对竹韵的精微刻画。\n左上方有顾安自题年款，款下有三印：“顾安”与“顾定之”和“山月吟窗”，顾安的“山月吟窗”是一方富有诗意的闲章。\n顾安，字定之，号迂讷老人。平江（今江苏苏州）人。祖籍淮东（今江苏），故自称淮东人。曾任泉州同安县尉。擅画竹，常写风竹新篁。\n图中绘墨竹三竿，瘦劲挺拔，风梢云干，萧疏清逸。枝下窠石圆润互叠，缀以新篁，更添野趣。以干笔淡墨画竹竿，以书法捺笔写出竹叶，行笔遒劲自如。用浓、淡墨烘染，似烟云浮动，烘托出竹子的清幽秀骨。",[78,79,149,81,82,83,84,124,85],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6ff805e3a06970a6ba0a00217aa34855.jpg","170.7x99.7",[89,6],107,{"id":34,"slug":341,"title":342,"dynasty":160,"author":161,"museum":324,"description":343,"tags":344,"thumbUrl":346,"material":347,"size":348,"collection":168,"collections":349,"showCount":339,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"zhu-qin-tu-quan-juan-zhao-ji-221343","竹禽图全卷","这幅《竹禽图》横55.4厘米，纵33.8厘米。宋人花鸟画都是以小品画见长，又以精细而见功。此画也不例外。在粗略的崖石间伸出两枝翠竹，一上一下形成一个侧着的“V”字。竹枝和竹叶都没有勾勒，此画法与赵佶的《芙蓉锦鸡图》等以往的画作有所不同。翠竹下面的还有一丛荆棘。一上一下的竹枝上停着两只小鸟。下面的那只鸟侧对着人们，它仰着头在看上面的那只鸟。上面的那只鸟腹部正对着人们，头向右侧着，它回望着下面的那只鸟。两小鸟目光相对，互相顾盼，仿佛就差嘴巴一张一合鸣叫的瞬间了。这两只小鸟是画面的主角。看着它们就使人想起杜甫的那句“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳”。不妨换一下，“两只小鸟鸣翠竹”。\n全画竹草崖石用写意画的方法处理，两小鸟用工笔画的方法绘制。粗细方法互助也显示了徽宗的绘画技艺的高妙。画卷后面有皇室后裔赵孟頫的题跋：“道君聪明，天纵其于绘事，尤极神妙。动植物无不曲尽其性，殆若天地生成，非人力所能及。此卷不用描墨，粉彩自然，宜为世宝。然丛尔小禽蒙圣人所录，抑何幸耶。”",[78,79,80,150,164,103,124,85,108,83,84,345],"禽鸟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F942d16befcc838e9850d9ab89e536a94.jpg","绢本设色","画心纵33.8厘米，横55.5厘米",[168,6],{"id":35,"slug":351,"title":201,"dynasty":98,"author":99,"museum":224,"description":352,"tags":353,"thumbUrl":354,"material":355,"size":356,"collection":89,"collections":357,"showCount":358,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":94},"zhu-shi-tu-zhou-yun-shou-ping-220994","图绘湖石一块，呈山字型耸立，边缘以浓墨点缀，棱角坚锐；后侧的一丛竹子杆直修长，以没骨法淡墨绘竹叶微微右倾，似敷上一层薄薄的寒霜；地面杂草数丛，霜后渐以枯败。虽为深秋初冬之时，但画面错落有致，清新自然。",[78,79,81,82,83,238,106,216],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7a1acd4f20c3b94cb797c72d0233bd11.jpg","白纸本","141x74cm",[89,6],106,{"id":36,"slug":360,"title":361,"dynasty":73,"author":133,"museum":224,"description":134,"tags":362,"thumbUrl":364,"material":355,"size":365,"collection":89,"collections":366,"showCount":367,"zanCount":115,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"shu-lin-xiu-shi-tu-zhao-meng-fu-220863","疏林秀石图",[78,79,80,81,82,86,151,85,136,84,83,363],"山水","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc5c43af0a92bd0ec53908bd0fc414eb3.jpg","纵27.5厘米，横62.8厘米",[89,6],105,{"id":37,"slug":369,"title":370,"dynasty":73,"author":74,"museum":224,"description":371,"tags":372,"thumbUrl":373,"material":355,"size":374,"collection":89,"collections":375,"showCount":376,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-shi-tu-ye-wu-zhen-220781","竹石图页","吴镇师承方面，于董源、巨然所得最多。其实董源、巨然并不是文人画家，但由于他们生活在江南，表现江南山川，创造了平淡天真、苍茫浑厚的山水画风，恰到好处地表现了山川之气韵，这种气韵正是宋代以后文人画家所梦寐以求的。从米芾开始，董巨画风开始受到青睐，延及赵孟頫、元四家，董巨画风大受推崇，整个元代山水画坛大多以董巨为依归，力求韵外之致。吴镇对董巨是下过很深的功夫的，他自己说：“董源画《寒林重汀图》，笔法苍劲，世所罕见，因观其真迹，摹其万一。”",[78,149,79,82,86,104,83,238,84],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fefe30f4d3ae723c1fb823e512d8473ef.jpg","本幅 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X 53 CM",[89,6],69,{"id":45,"slug":469,"title":470,"dynasty":73,"author":333,"museum":75,"description":471,"tags":472,"thumbUrl":473,"material":138,"size":474,"collection":89,"collections":475,"showCount":476,"zanCount":209,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"xin-huang-tu-zhou-gu-an-221698","新篁图轴","作品内容多描写风竹的新篁。运笔遒劲，法度严谨，墨色浓润而匀净，表现风竹的偃仰扶疏、或是新篁的挺健嫩秀，结构取势都恰到好处，具有生动之致，行笔谨严，遒劲挺秀，用墨润泽焕烂，画湖石带勾带染，得皱透之姿，在李衍、柯九思外，自有一股萧疏清逸之气，成为一格。",[78,79,149,81,82,83,85],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6b21a4dee0286730581dec54763556ab.jpg","91cm,33.1cm",[89,6],65,{"id":46,"slug":478,"title":479,"dynasty":73,"author":480,"museum":246,"description":481,"tags":482,"thumbUrl":485,"material":166,"size":486,"collection":89,"collections":487,"showCount":488,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"shuang-gou-zhu-tu-zhou-li-kan-221815","双钩竹图轴","李衎","这是一幅在绢本上以墨笔双钩而后晕染设色的翠竹。画幅内能较完整看见一杆成竹和两颗箬笋，右边若隐若现有一些小枝和箨叶，结合画面构图看，右边略显紧张局促，料想可能是被裁过。古书画年代久远、传递收藏复杂，或因破旧重装，或因商贾牟利，裁剪、分割是常有之事。即便如此，本幅设色双钩竹的艺术水准仍然是展现无遗的。其拔节舒枝、解箨抽梢蒸蒸然有摇曳升腾之势；浓淡向背、避让交叠萧萧乎真美人君子之姿。",[78,79,80,81,483,83,484],"双钩","墨笔","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0f81dae935198e9a11627f9cfbaf2bae.jpg","75.5×29.5cm",[89,6],64,{"id":47,"slug":490,"title":491,"dynasty":73,"author":74,"museum":224,"description":492,"tags":493,"thumbUrl":494,"material":166,"size":495,"collection":89,"collections":496,"showCount":497,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"shuang-song-tu-zhou-wu-zhen-220771","双松图轴","画中双树擎天而立，树后有一条蜿蜒的溪流渐渐地向后推延，几户房舍坐落在岸边，空间深邃。虽然这件画轴的画题是「双松图」，可是从画上两棵树的枝干看来，吴镇画的应该是桧树才对。画中桧树的枝枒纠结，仍然保存了李成、郭熙画树的风貌。树皮以长披麻皴来表现，笔法又和董源、巨然相似。坡岸多作矾头，也是董巨山水画的重要特色。全作的笔力雄劲，墨气沈厚，有一种平淡天真的韵致。",[79,80,81,82,86,363,270],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fddcec95a642bee2f102e970fa2af7cc8.jpg","纵155.5cm，横66cm",[89,6],63,{"id":48,"slug":499,"title":500,"dynasty":73,"author":501,"museum":224,"description":502,"tags":503,"thumbUrl":507,"material":347,"size":508,"collection":89,"collections":509,"showCount":510,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"liu-yan-tu-sheng-chang-nian-221857","柳燕图","盛昌年","本幅无作者款识，右侧有“廷晖”残印半方及康有为、王季迁藏印。\n整幅画面构图繁密，洋溢着一派春和景明的气象。\n图中布局兼具高远、深远、平远之法，描绘崇山峻岭，山势高耸入云，山间飞涧流泉，松木葱郁，屋宇台阁精工富丽，人物往来其间。\n山脚下，溪桥潭水，波光如鳞，三两人泛舟赏景。\n杨新撰文认为，胡廷晖是一个画工而非 家。\n画工的创作往往不署自己的名款，有的仅只钤盖个人印章，这是元至明初的习惯。\n吴升《大观录》著录的胡廷晖《月洞仕女图》也未署款，仅押“廷晖印”一方。\n此图与台北故宫所藏《明皇幸蜀图》面貌相似，特别是勾勒下笔较重，悬崖的结构、松树的形态以及云彩的画法等均呈现出胡廷晖的个人风格。\n在色彩上两者都具有相似的绚丽色泽。\n此图保留唐代青绿山水的古法较多，与赵孟頫追求“古意”的画风不同，对于鉴别早期山水画有重要的价值。",[78,79,82,81,108,504,505,506,216],"柳","燕","飞鸟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F718470a984f0d650aff4498a17cee84d.jpg","75.9x25.5",[89,6],61,{"id":49,"slug":512,"title":513,"dynasty":73,"author":514,"museum":515,"description":516,"tags":517,"thumbUrl":518,"material":166,"size":519,"collection":89,"collections":520,"showCount":510,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-shi-tu-li-shi-xing-221805","竹石图","李士行","辽宁省博物馆","水墨画坡石重叠，三竿晴竹顶天立地，旁傍拳石，丛篁荆棘掩映衬托。竹叶疏密偃仰有致，显出微风乍起有向上飘举之势。石皴圆润，存董、巨遗法。余图浓淡虚实，笔笔相应，同笔自然灵活稳健，墨色偏淡层次分明。画心左侧行书署：“蓟丘李士行遵道作”款。左下角钤梁清标、临圣斋收藏印证。李士行(1282—1328)，字遵道，号黄岩，河北蓟丘人是名画家李衔的长子。诗歌、书画除力承家学之外，又得赵孟頫和鲜于枢之指授，善画山水，以所画大明宫图入晃仁宗嘉奖其能。画竹石枝叶挺秀，得写生妙趣。此图墨竹画法纯出李衔，披石大披麻皴，有别于乃父之渴笔渲染。现藏辽宁省博物馆。",[78,79,82,81,83,238,86],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ff2ecc7ea8f565c5eebab3e747c307003.jpg","画心纵170、横92.3厘米",[89,6],{"id":50,"slug":522,"title":523,"dynasty":73,"author":480,"museum":75,"description":524,"tags":525,"thumbUrl":526,"material":527,"size":528,"collection":89,"collections":529,"showCount":530,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"shuang-gou-zhu-tu-li-kan-221814","双钩竹图","李衎（1245-1320），字仲宾，号息斋道人，蓟丘（今北京）人。皇庆元年（1312年）为吏部尚书，拜集贤殿大学士，与赵孟頫相友善。死后追封蓟国公，谥文简。善画竹，墨竹初师王庭筠，继师文同，青绿设色师李颇。",[78,149,79,80,81,483,164,83,84,103],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F53499e6ca3eee6c531a56818fa98b16c.jpg","绢本 ，设色","纵185.5cm，横153.7cm",[89,6],60,{"id":51,"slug":532,"title":533,"dynasty":73,"author":146,"museum":534,"description":535,"tags":536,"thumbUrl":538,"material":138,"size":539,"collection":89,"collections":540,"showCount":541,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"yun-shi-qiao-ke-tu-zhou-ni-zan-220805","筠石乔柯图轴","美国克利夫兰艺术博物馆","此画用笔变中锋为侧锋，折带皴画山石，枯笔干墨，淡雅松秀，意境荒寒空寂，风格萧散超逸，简中寓繁，小中见大，外落寞而内蕴激情。树杆上挂满了细繁的藤蔓垂条，图中的篁竹属于倪瓒墨竹中叶尖向上的新篁画法，颇见功力。画面一如倪瓒一贯呈现的风格：构图简洁，干笔皴檫，意境清远萧疏。",[78,79,81,82,86,83,238,431,537,85],"枯藤","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1e4ba73df5db160da5171569d0a459b0.jpg","横67.3厘米，横36.8厘米",[89,6],59,{"id":52,"slug":543,"title":544,"dynasty":73,"author":333,"museum":75,"description":545,"tags":546,"thumbUrl":547,"material":205,"size":548,"collection":89,"collections":549,"showCount":550,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"you-huang-xiu-shi-tu-zhou-gu-an-221697","幽篁秀石图轴","署款“东淮安定之”。下钤“顾定之印”等印3方。画幅左侧有明代张绅题记。\n此图绘数竿青竹在清风晨露中绰约多姿的体态。顾安在创作上力求表现竹子“清且真”的物态风神。“清”是指竹子不卑不亢、清高脱俗的内在品性，它是元代文人画家所追求向往的君子品德；“真”是指竹子清瘦隽逸、披霜戴雪的外在形貌，强调竹画艺术的写实精神。图中所绘之竹以淡墨写竿，浓墨画叶，深浅墨色虚实互衬，加强了画面层次感，扩展了空间。竹叶的画法遵循赵孟頫所倡导的“写竹还须八法通”的原则，熟练地以书法的“捺”法起笔收笔，叶根及叶尖皆见笔锋，写出其错落参差、披离偃仰之态。图中的湖石以墨、色点染，具有玲珑剔透之美，也映衬出竹之秀润娴静。全图以简洁的笔墨营造出“无穷出清新”的清逸意境。\n此卷原藏清宫内府，宣统年流入民间，为徐石雪所收藏，解放后捐献给国家文物局。文物局于1957年4月27日将它拨交故宫博物院。",[78,79,81,82,164,86,83,238,84],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd1e2953593c979f764e7fe4b77b7f4bc.jpg","纵184cm，横12cm",[89,6],58,{"id":53,"slug":552,"title":553,"dynasty":73,"author":514,"museum":280,"description":554,"tags":555,"thumbUrl":556,"material":418,"size":557,"collection":89,"collections":558,"showCount":559,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"ku-mu-zhu-shi-tu-zhou-li-shi-xing-221804","枯木竹石图轴","绘枯木一棵，两枝树杆粗壮，枝杈繁多，恣意生长；树旁巨石耸立，棱角圆润；右侧淡墨绘一棚细竹，竹叶修长秀美，生机勃勃。李士行，字遵道，元代画家，善山水，尤工竹石更妙。绢本。墨笔。 此图绘古木两棵，形态苍古。树石的用笔遒劲深厚，皴染稠密。细枝勾勒形似蟹爪。笔墨苍劲磊落。",[78,79,80,149,81,82,237,83,238],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa68d8fcc18ebecda8e22a95bd2ea3474.jpg","170x52cm",[89,6],53,{"id":54,"slug":561,"title":289,"dynasty":73,"author":133,"museum":75,"description":202,"tags":562,"thumbUrl":564,"material":205,"size":565,"collection":89,"collections":566,"showCount":567,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"gu-mu-zhu-shi-tu-zhou-zhao-meng-fu-220839",[78,79,80,149,81,82,563,136,83,84,106,85],"白描","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7888eb16c9309e34f9ae3a0c0744039a.jpg","纵108.2cm，横48.8cm",[89,6],51,{"id":55,"slug":569,"title":570,"dynasty":98,"author":571,"museum":572,"description":573,"tags":574,"thumbUrl":576,"material":577,"size":577,"collection":89,"collections":578,"showCount":579,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"yuan-ji-zhu-lan-tu-zhou-yi-ming-236420","原济竹兰图轴","佚名","藏地不详","石涛（1642年－1708年），清初画家，原姓朱，名若极，广西桂林人，祖籍安徽凤阳，小字阿长，别号很多，如大涤子、清湘老人、苦瓜和尚、瞎尊者，法号有元济、原济等。南明元宗朱亨嘉之子，与弘仁、髡残、朱耷合称“清初四僧”。石涛是中国绘画史上一位十分重要的人物，他既是绘画实践的探索者、革新者，又是艺术理论家。\n幼年遭变后出家为僧，驻锡于安徽宣城敬亭山广教寺，后半世云游，以卖画为业。早年山水师法宋元诸家，画风疏秀明洁，晚年用笔纵肆，墨法淋漓，格法多变，尤精册页小品；花卉潇洒隽朗，天真烂漫，清气袭人；人物生拙古朴，别具一格。工书法，能诗文。存世作品有《石涛罗汉百开册页》，《搜尽奇峰打草稿图》，《山水清音图》，《竹石图》等。著有《苦瓜和尚画语录》。名言有“”一画论‘、“搜尽奇峰打草稿”，‘笔墨当随时代’等。",[79,81,82,83,176,85,575],"清代","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fffbbf2516dddb2cd2d26eee2b4d6cb66.jpg","",[89,6],50,{"id":56,"slug":581,"title":582,"dynasty":73,"author":583,"museum":100,"description":584,"tags":585,"thumbUrl":586,"material":587,"size":588,"collection":89,"collections":589,"showCount":590,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"ji-zhu-you-qin-tu-zhang-yan-fu-221797","棘竹幽禽图","张彦辅","此图绘秀石旁两株修竹交柯而立，棘条屈曲上扬，两双禽鸟栖于棘上。构图疏朗，秀石用笔直皴，以水墨略染，修竹、棘条笔墨清劲，双禽略加色染，意在工鸟之间，画格疏劲清幽。无款识，仅钤“彦辅图书游戏清玩”、“西宇道人”二印。图左有隶书题记“子昭偕周正已过太乙宫，彦辅为作棘竹幽禽图以赠之，时至正癸未三月十七日也，濮人吴孟思书”。可知此图作于至正三年即公元一三四三年，吴孟思即当时名书家吴叡。图中另有杜本、凌翰、鞠菴、邵弘远、雅虎、林泉生、潘纯等人题跋。图中钤有明项元汴，清初梁清标，近人谭敬、张珩等鉴藏印。此图为张彦辅传世的惟一作品。",[78,149,79,80,82,85,83,84,506],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F30574047ecaa25214e6269f083c885cb.jpg","纸本墨笔","63．8厘米横50．7厘米",[89,6],45,{"id":57,"slug":592,"title":412,"dynasty":120,"author":442,"museum":224,"description":593,"tags":594,"thumbUrl":595,"material":138,"size":577,"collection":89,"collections":596,"showCount":597,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-tu-xia-chang-222169","本幅画水滨修竹三竿，婷立於斜坡之上。竹杆落笔稳健，墨色润厚。竹叶、小草挺劲锋利，画石则笔法扭转灵动。夏氏妙於运笔使墨，极得飘洒清妍之趣。画竹往往能进入一种风梢舞空烟，露叶滴晴月，风竹潇洒婆娑，楚楚动人的境界。此作堪为例证。",[78,79,80,82,83],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6c36b6a35df7db3b5f3468a574a84e0e.jpg",[89,6],44,{"id":58,"slug":599,"title":201,"dynasty":73,"author":480,"museum":75,"description":600,"tags":601,"thumbUrl":602,"material":603,"size":604,"collection":89,"collections":605,"showCount":606,"zanCount":156,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-shi-tu-zhou-li-kan-221817","元李衎竹石图轴为元代李衎所绘，绢本，设色。纵185.5厘米，横153.7厘米。藏故宫博物院。该幅图未署名款，钤印两方，已残缺，可见“李”、“息”字。诗塘有明代李东阳的小草题记，也为此画增色不少。该幅“竹石图”是李衎的名作之一。图中竹以双勾填色而成，工整而有韵味，设色而又雅致，竹繁而不乱，表现了春天大自然中万物复苏、生机勃勃景色，有二杆新竹已与老竹并肩齐趋，让人联想到雨后春笋猛发的情景。坡上山石以细披麻皴画出，黑色沉重，以压阵角，石后穿插小竹野树，富有变化。",[78,79,80,81,82,164,86,83,238,84],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faae45236279f406d24f6f02f8275daac.jpg","绢本，设色","纵185.5厘米，横153.7厘米",[89,6],43,{"id":59,"slug":608,"title":201,"dynasty":73,"author":609,"museum":75,"description":610,"tags":611,"thumbUrl":612,"material":613,"size":614,"collection":89,"collections":615,"showCount":616,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"zhu-shi-tu-zhou-xie-ting-zhi-221870","谢庭芝","图中绘坡草湖石，石后挺立疏竹数竿，枝叶下垂，似洒雨露。坡上小竹兰草丛生，三株新笋，两株高窜，一株破土而出，春意盎然。湖石连勾带皴，并以淡墨渲染，玲珑剔透，形态奇异。竹叶以率笔挥洒，浓淡相参，水墨淋漓，清新秀雅。此图为谢庭芝墨竹传世孤本。\n画面以淡墨勾勒画湖石，以砍剁皴和钉头皴相结合画出明暗再以淡墨渲染，使湖石具有质感，达到皱、漏、透、瘦之效果，玲珑剔透，造型奇特。\n湖石后疏竹玉立，竹叶下垂，浓淡相间，参差错落，疏密有致，颇显情趣，画左款暑：至元五年冬十月，仲和。",[78,79,82,81,83,238,84,106,86],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F5e0acf41e6dc1be49409c9c5df041b0e.jpg","绢本墨笔.","173.2cmx105.1cm",[89,6],41,{"id":60,"slug":618,"title":619,"dynasty":73,"author":213,"museum":224,"description":620,"tags":621,"thumbUrl":623,"material":624,"size":625,"collection":89,"collections":626,"showCount":616,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"wan-xiang-gao-jie-zhou-ke-jiu-si-221831","晚香高节轴","此图描述了“石如飞白木如籀，写竹应须八法通”，是元代画家赵孟頫为柯九思《墨竹图》题写的诗句的情景。画面的主要表现是精竹秀石，还有野菊花作点缀。 此图以菊花“晚香”之意，竹子节高，故有晚香高节之画意。\n此景物主要集中于下端：画幅下部画湖石，中间高出，两侧低矮，形成“山”字型。湖石为杂草点缀，右侧的杂草向右倾斜，左侧杂草向左倾斜。湖间有几簇修竹倚石生长，其中一株翠竹拔地而起，枝竿挺拔，竹节较长，枝叶茂密，顶天立地。另有野菊花倚石而长，花朵盛开于茎端。\n款识：五云阁吏为正臣作。\n虞集题：敬仲此幅，清楚出尘，真平日合作也。奎章阁侍书学士虞集题。\n弘历题：绿筠挺出苏卿节，黄菊喷来陶令香。何必其间论世代，忘年交合石渠藏。庚寅秋日御题。",[78,79,82,81,83,238,622,106,216,86,85],"菊","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8549ad8c921d08b75438863fa146dd22.jpg","纸本,水墨","126.5厘米，横75.2厘米",[89,6],{"id":61,"slug":628,"title":629,"dynasty":73,"author":480,"museum":224,"description":630,"tags":631,"thumbUrl":633,"material":634,"size":635,"collection":89,"collections":636,"showCount":637,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"si-ji-ping-an-tu-zhou-li-kan-221813","四季平安图轴","《四季平安图》此幅水墨绘修竹四竿，三浓一淡，两前两后，布置得宜，风姿卓然。李仲宾此幅全学文湖州，而加浓密之致，体现了其本人的艺术审美。 李衎（1245-1320年），字仲宾，号息斋道人，晚年号醉车先生，元朝蓟丘（今北京市）人。元仁宗皇庆元年（1312年）任吏部尚书，拜集贤殿大学士、荣禄大夫。李衎尤善画枯木竹石，善画墨竹，双钩竹尤佳，和赵孟頫、高克恭并称为元初画竹三大家，著有《竹谱详录》。",[78,149,79,80,81,82,563,164,83,238,84,86,632],"元代","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0f9156289c567b360733a596791d013b.jpg","绢本,水墨","131.4 x 51.1cm",[89,6],40,{"id":62,"slug":639,"title":640,"dynasty":73,"author":133,"museum":534,"description":641,"tags":642,"thumbUrl":644,"material":138,"size":577,"collection":89,"collections":645,"showCount":637,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"zhu-shi-you-lan-tu-juan-zhao-meng-fu-220870","竹石幽兰图卷","首先，观察此幅赵孟頫《竹石幽兰图》卷，给人的感觉是绘画飘逸如风，笔墨挥洒自如，构图结构恰当。款识与落款，看似与赵孟頫书风大相径庭，疑似后添所为。经认真详查，款识与落款确为后添，墨气与绘画迥异，墨色也游离于绘画之外。其次，观察绘画作品，十足的赵孟頫笔触所为，用飞白勾画窠石轮廓，用撇捺笔划书写竹叶，用中锋逆笔迅疾书写兰花。正如赵孟頫所言：石如飞白木如籀，写竹还需八法通。若也有人能会此，方知书画本来同。　　 由于此幅作品断开，似有拼接痕迹，款识后添当为后人重新题写。“孟頫为善夫写”，推论是为顾善夫而画。展览方图录结论：据清代程祖庆《吴郡金石目》记载此幅作品赵孟頫题字：顾善夫以公至都，将南迁，用此纸求画，乃为作此图，子昂。新的研究结果已证实此卷并非《吴郡金石目》所著录的赵孟頫为顾信所画的那幅，两个题字亦不同。\n展览方认为，这幅赵孟頫《竹石幽兰图》卷，上面虞集题诗，与《道园学古录》卷二十九中虞集题赵孟頫《兰石图》四首之一，还原了此幅作品的原貌。\n笔者查阅几位老先生的访美读画笔记，结论如下：纸本水墨。左右各拚一条，下部再拚一窄长条，由四纸拚成，在名家作品中为仅见。老笔纵横，至精之品。后有韩性、西夏昂吉、赵奕、仇远、虞集、陈基、姚广孝等题。又张渥题，字学赵，与上博访戴图上款字少异。此必真。\n从绘画方面看，此幅《竹石幽兰图》卷，应属真迹无疑。但是，还要从文献上找到证据，展览方只从元末明初《道园学古录》虞集的诗集证实是赵孟頫《兰石图》。\n为进一步找到贴近赵孟頫的时代，要从韩性、仇远、张渥等元代名人查找。经查仇远在自己《山村遗集》明确记载题赵松雪《竹石幽兰图》，仇远与赵孟頫同属一个时代，当然是最可信的著录。元代名士顾瑛的《草堂雅集》卷十一记载于立题诗，《题子昂兰石》虽然名不相同，诗文完全一致，题兰石也就是竹石幽兰。在元代顾瑛《草堂雅集》卷七，记载张渥《题赵翰林墨兰》，诗文也是完全一致，此幅绘画是描绘竹石幽兰，题墨兰字义上也可以相通。　　 至此，将赵孟頫《竹石幽兰图》卷出处，历代著录记载情况基本搞清楚了，还原一幅赵孟頫精彩作品的真相。在判断一幅古人的作品时，不能为某些瑕疵蒙蔽，而是找出事实真相。此幅作品明显有被割断痕迹，上面题识、落款又是明显后添，那就要去伪存真找出真相，不能湮灭一件优秀的作品。",[78,149,79,80,150,82,151,86,83,238,643,84,85],"幽兰","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe687eff90f3c2bf5fb4687e73675735c.jpg",[89,6],{"id":63,"slug":647,"title":648,"dynasty":73,"author":480,"museum":75,"description":649,"tags":650,"thumbUrl":651,"material":347,"size":652,"collection":89,"collections":653,"showCount":654,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":171},"mu-yu-tu-zhou-li-kan-221816","沐雨图轴","《沐雨图轴》是元代李衎所画的中国古画。\n此图描绘雨中竹子的形态，手法极其写实，强调雨中之竹的清姿，其画法与双勾竹图基本相同，竹叶因雨水而显得沉重，叶尖自然下垂，在表现雨中竹叶下垂之姿上，李衎用笔显得娴熟自如。\n《沐雨竹图》将主要景物集中于画幅左侧。\n在画幅左下端力坡石，坡上倚附山石长有四竿翠竹，中间两株高大，且相互交错，竹竿交错后向左右伸展，枝叶茂密，竹叶纷披。\n左侧一株掩映于二株高大的翠竹荫下，略向左弯斜；右侧一株小竹向右弯斜，叶子呈下垂状。\n这一株翠竹虽不怎么起眼，但却是妙笔，起到了填补画幅右下部分的空白，对整个画面起到了充实和平衡作用：除竹石外，在坡石间还有数株兰草，点缀其间。\n自宋以来，“梅，兰、竹、菊”被士大夫称为“四君子”，象征“清高”、“幽洁”、“虚心”、“隐逸”、“气节”等精神品格。\n当社会危机、民族危机之时，一些知识分子无力抗争，在孤十贲与失望之中，“适性寄意”于笔墨：人元后“四君子”画不但更为兴盛，而且在思想感情的表现上更加丰富和深刻。\n特别是墨竹，单纯简易、挥洒便利又最具书法性格，所以最能引起士大夫的兴趣。\n可是李衍身为大官，他与赵孟頫是元代汉族文人画家中官职最显著者， 他喜欢画松、竹，这说明“松”、“竹”并非都是文人用来自诩“名节”之物。\n他为了画竹，“行役万余里”，深入南方竹乡，对竹的“形色情状，牛聚枯荣”做了深入研究，成为享有盛名的写生墨竹专家。\n此《沐雨竹图》轴是他画墨竹的代表作之一，其作品中之“竹”并不带有什么政治色彩，仅作为绘画的一个题材而已。\n此画虽将景物集中于画幅左侧，但经画家的确当布局，使整幅画的构图 较工稳；造型准确，设色匀净，枝叶繁复而不乱，层次分明。\n作者由于有过对竹子的认真观察和研究，并掌握了画竹的造型规律。\n故他画出的竹竿、们‘枝的线条挺坚，用笔实在有力，竹竿、竹枝、竹叶均用双勾画出，即用线条描绘竹叶的轮廓，再用汁绿烘染，叶尖微染赭黄，且其阴阳向背等细节都刻画得十分准确、细腻。\n其背景石都用双勾，然后用粗笔水墨皴染，分出阴阳面。\n坡石间的几丛兰和小草的安排，更使画面充满勃勃生机。\n此画的主题沐雨，作者强调了雨中之竹。\n故在作者笔下将沾满了雨水的竹子，竹叶个个呈下垂的自然神态，突出了“沐雨”这一主题，使画幅具有很强的写实性。\n此画给人以充实秀美的感觉，实属精品。\n这幅作品中只有四竿修竹和一些小枝是用汁绿晕染，竹干的晕染基本是平涂，只在竹节两端略有晕染。\n竹叶的敷色较为精工，不但叶根部和叶尖部的色调有所变化，而且叶面和叶背也不相同，繁多的叶片中没有一片是染出边缘轮廓之外．也可见作者的细致程度。\n在水墨环境的映衬下．《沐雨竹图》中的修竹亭亭玉立，青翠悦目。\n即使秋风萧瑟，也是竹叶摩娑，别具一番“如鸣环翠”的风韵。\n在翠竹右侧一竿高耸直指，左侧一竿向左上伸展，最前的一竿指向右方，右侧竹叶相对密集，造成左高右低的形势。\n竹干、竹枝的线条挺坚，竹叶的线条则圆润；竹干、竹枝的用笔比较实在有力，而竹叶的用笔就显得轻细活泼。\n李衎（1244—12年），字仲宾，号息斋道人，元大都（今北京）人，仕至集贤殿学士。\n他平生擅长画竹，继承了金文同、王庭筠等画竹名家的成就，又曾深入江南竹乡深入观察，还出使过交趾（今越南），到各处观察竹子的生长情况和特点，深得竹之“理”，是一位既有深厚传统绘画功力，又师法自然的画家。\n他的画风严谨，传世作品有双勾着色的《双勾竹图》、《沐雨图》等，并著有《息斋竹谱》7卷，对竹的结构品类、生长规律及画法详加剖析，既重写意又重法度。",[78,79,80,81,164,82,83,238],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6db8d493b70c64e938a16711c94486e2.jpg","纵111.5cm，横55cm",[89,6],39,{"id":64,"slug":656,"title":640,"dynasty":73,"author":133,"museum":534,"description":641,"tags":657,"thumbUrl":658,"material":195,"size":577,"collection":89,"collections":659,"showCount":660,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"zhu-shi-you-lan-tu-juan-zhao-meng-fu-220871",[78,149,79,80,150,405,151,124,563,83,238,176,85],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faf614e4a0ea6966b60de3926e9843bdd.jpg",[89,6],38,{"id":65,"slug":662,"title":663,"dynasty":120,"author":664,"museum":224,"description":665,"tags":666,"thumbUrl":667,"material":624,"size":668,"collection":89,"collections":669,"showCount":670,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"yun-lin-shu-shi-zhou-gu-zheng-yi-221877","云林树石轴","顾正谊","顾正谊 ， 明代画家、诗人。字仲方，号亭林。华亭（今上海松江）人。父中立，官至参知政事。正谊以父荫，于万历时由太学生官中书舍人。晚年筑小亭园于江畔以终老，故号亭林。工画，早年即以诗画驰名江南，后游长安，名声大噪。董其昌曾记云：“吾郡画家，顾仲方中舍最著。其游长安，四方士大夫求者填委，几欲作铁门限以却之，得者如获拱璧。”",[78,79,82,81,86,431,433,84,124,85,151],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6ca8b4dda7acc4293094d57d245fb08e.jpg","92.6 x 38.8 厘米",[89,6],37,{"id":66,"slug":672,"title":673,"dynasty":73,"author":146,"museum":224,"description":674,"tags":675,"thumbUrl":678,"material":138,"size":679,"collection":89,"collections":680,"showCount":681,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"hua-pu-ce-xin-zhi-ku-gan-yu-zhu-ni-zan-220788","画谱册·新枝枯干雨竹","该册共十帧，每页依次绘竹林山石，并细叙画法。画法中语虽不求深致，而多发人所未发，甚为可贵。",[79,80,104,82,563,124,83,676,677],"枯干","新枝","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa51185112762ece3701184f5e766e2de.jpg","幅一 23.6x14.2公分，幅二 23.6x14.2公分",[89,6],36,{"id":67,"slug":683,"title":684,"dynasty":98,"author":685,"museum":224,"description":686,"tags":687,"thumbUrl":688,"material":195,"size":577,"collection":89,"collections":689,"showCount":690,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"song-zhu-ming-qin-zhou-zhang-ruo-ai-236113","松竹鸣禽轴","张若霭","张若霭[清]（1713—1746）字晴岚（读画辑略作字景采，号晴岚），室名藕香书屋，安徽桐城人。张若霭有家学，祖父张英、父亲张廷玉均为雍正、乾隆朝大学士。雍正十一年（1733）癸丑科殿试金榜中二甲一名进士，未散馆特授编修，后帝亲授内阁学士、礼部侍郎，入直南书房，官至礼部尚书，袭伯爵。\n以书、画供奉内廷，一日太后出方寸之玉佩，命书心经一篇。竟日而就，因赐上方珍玩无算。善画山水、花鸟，得王糓祥、周之冕遗意。乾隆十一年（1746）随帝西巡，因病回京，不久卒，谥文僖。有《岁寒三友图》、《仿王元章疏影寒香图》传世。卒年三十四（按清代画史、清画家诗史均作三十二岁，中国画家人名大辞典作三十六岁）。著《晴岚诗存》。",[79,81,82,164,270,83,506,84,85,108],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd3d9922684aec53b3958be0fa2735536.jpg",[89,6],20,{"id":68,"slug":692,"title":693,"dynasty":73,"author":146,"museum":224,"description":694,"tags":695,"thumbUrl":696,"material":138,"size":697,"collection":6,"collections":698,"showCount":699,"zanCount":93,"manualWeight":93,"mainColor":116},"zi-shu-shi-gao-ce-ni-zan-220791","自书诗稿册","受初期科举制等影响，明代后期逐步形成一字万同的台阁体盛行。而身处元末明初的倪瓒，基本可以认为是宋元书法舒意复古的结束。\n倪瓒擅画山水、墨竹，师法董源，受赵孟頫影响。作为在野的高人韵士，倪瓒书法，参禅学道，浪迹天涯 ，以一注冰雪之韵，写出了他简远萧疏，枯淡清逸的特有风格。",[149,79,80,104,151,124,82],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F580a21f2475ced61f129c3785046374e.jpg","纵24.4厘米，横20.1",[6],9,1777535917178]