[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":81},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-an-hua-hua":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},10241,"an-hua-hua","暗划花","暗划花画高清赏析","精选中国历代暗划花题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6318321f58e5306932b9ee50612676b2.jpg",0,5,[14,37,52,63,74],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":30,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":34,"showCount":35,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":36},257319,"jia-jing-kuan-lan-you-an-hua-hua-wen-pan-yi-ming-257319","嘉靖款蓝釉暗划花纹盘","明","佚名","藏地不详","宋代是传统制瓷工艺发展史上一个非常繁荣昌盛的时期。现时已发现的古代陶瓷遗址分布于全国170个县。其中有宋代窑址的就有130个县，占总数的75%。\n陶瓷史家通常将宋代陶瓷窑大致概括为6个瓷窑系，它们分别是：北方地区的定窑系、耀州窑系、钧窑系和磁州窑系；南方地区的龙泉青瓷系和景德镇的青白瓷系。这些窑系一方面具有因受其所在地区使用原材料的影响而具有的特殊性，另一方面又有受帝国时代的政治理念、文化习俗、工艺水平制约而具有的共同性。\n从造型的角度分析，宋瓷的器形较之前代更为丰富多彩，几乎包括了人民日常生活用器的大部分：碗、盘、壶、罐、盒、炉、枕、砚与水注等，其中最为多见的是玉壶春瓶。总的说来，民间用瓷的造型大部分是大方朴实、经济耐用；而宫廷用瓷则端庄典雅、雍容华贵。最能反映皇家气派的是哥、官、钧、汝与定窑口烧制的贡瓷，最能体现百姓喜乐的是磁州、耀州窑口烧制的民间瓷品。\n从纹饰上讲，宋瓷的纹饰题材表现手法都极为丰富独特。一般情况下，龙、凤、鹿、鹤、游鱼、花鸟、婴戏、山水景色等常作为主体纹饰而突现在各类器形的显著部位，而回纹、卷枝卷叶纹、云头纹、钱纹、莲瓣纹等多用作边饰间饰，用以辅助主题纹饰。工匠们用刻、划、剔、画和雕塑等不同技法，在器物上把纹样的神情意态与胎体的方圆长短巧妙结合起来，形成审美与实用的统一整体，令人爱不释手。如婴戏纹，或于碗心、或于瓶腹，将肌肤稚嫩，情态活泼的童子置于花丛之中，或一或二，或三五成群，攀树折花，追逐嬉戏，真切动人，生活气息甚为浓厚。",[23,24,25,7,26,27,28,29],"明代","陶瓷","蓝釉","盘","单色釉","瓷器","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F574eb5e0a64699867cc9f0fb982c75d7.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],1,"795548",{"id":38,"slug":39,"title":40,"dynasty":41,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":42,"tags":43,"thumbUrl":49,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":50,"collections":51,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":36},261076,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-an-hua-hua-he-wen-san-zu-bei-yi-ming-261076","德化窑白釉暗划花鹤纹三足杯","清","德化窑位于今福建德化，故名。作为著名的瓷窑，是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n德化瓷器是中华陶瓷烧造中的艺术珍品，始于宋代，明代后得到巨大发展。以白瓷塑佛像闻名。其制作细腻，雕刻精美，造型生动，体现了古代劳动人民的卓越才能和艺术创造力。\n在今福建德化，故名。是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n碗坪仑烧瓷较屈斗宫古窑址早，烧青白瓷，有的接近白釉，刻花蓖划纹装饰较多，盒子遗留甚丰，盖面所印阳纹装饰达一百余种，题材之丰富在南方地区首屈一指，南宋时有专门制作盒子的作坊，盒盖上阳文印花装饰题材丰富，有动物、花卉等近百种图案。划花间篦划纹亦较多，饰在碗、盘、瓶等器物上。\n屈斗宫元代办烧青白瓷，从南宋至元代。明代盛烧白瓷观音、达摩等塑像，胎釉浑然一体，如同白玉，被赞为"象牙白"、"奶白"或 "天鹅绒白。清代除烧白瓷外，盛烧青花与彩绘瓷器。元代以来，德化窑瓷器输出海外，菲律宾、马来西亚出土有元代德化窑青白瓷，泰国及东非坦桑尼亚等国家也出土有清代德化窑青花瓷器。\n这种瓷器的制作工艺程序如下：他们从地下挖取一种泥土，将它垒成一个大堆，任凭风吹、雨打、日晒，从不翻动，历时三、四十年。泥土经过这种处理，质地变得更加纯化精炼，适合制造上述各种器皿，然后抹上认为颜色合宜的釉，再将瓷器放入窑内或炉里烧制而成。因此，人们挖泥堆土，目的是替自已的儿孙贮备制造瓷器的材料而已，大量的瓷器是在城中出售， 一个威尼斯银币能买到八个瓷杯“。马可波罗的介绍，引起了西方人的强烈兴趣。",[24,44,45,7,46,47,48],"饮酒器","日用具","鹤","白釉","三足杯","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6a778bc37e9dbc6e1a00fc9ad9d96095.jpg","瓷器精选",[50],{"id":53,"slug":54,"title":55,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":56,"tags":57,"thumbUrl":60,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":61,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},260824,"xuan-de-kuan-bai-you-an-hua-hua-yu-zao-wen-pan-yi-ming-260824","宣德款白釉暗划花鱼藻纹盘","将不含金属氧化物呈色元素的釉料施于胎骨洁白的器物上，入窑高温烧制而成的透明釉， 釉色因白润瓷胎的映衬而显出白色，现在习惯上将这种透明釉也称为白釉。\n瓷器釉料中的含铁量降低到0.75%以下，施于洁白的瓷胎上，入窑经高温烧制，就会出现白釉。严格地说，白釉是一种无色透明釉，而不是白色的釉 。白釉是瓷器传统釉色之一,真正的白釉应该是乳白色的乳浊釉,这种釉是近代才发明的。我国古代仅有元代枢府釉是失透的,其他白釉并不是白色的釉,\n白釉烧制工艺比青釉复杂，出现的时间也较青釉晚，一般瓷土和釉料，都或多或少含有一些氧化铁，器物烧出后必然呈现出深浅不同的青色来。如果釉料中的铁元素含量小于0.75%，烧出来的就会是白釉。\n白釉最早出现在汉代，比青釉瓷器晚了400多年，白釉瓷器开始是青白色的，因为瓷器中铁的含量高于1%就是青色的，少于1%就是白瓷了，所以中国白瓷经历青瓷、青白瓷、卵白釉、甜白釉、象牙白、白釉的发展过程。中国历史上白瓷产地有德化白瓷、定窑白瓷以及刑窑白瓷等。",[24,45,26,47,7,58,59],"鱼藻纹","鱼","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faea648a04c4f04f95b0bbe9da7b31090.jpg",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":64,"slug":65,"title":66,"dynasty":41,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":42,"tags":67,"thumbUrl":71,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":50,"collections":72,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":73},259030,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-an-hua-hua-wen-bei-yi-ming-259030","德化窑白釉暗划花纹杯",[24,68,47,7,44,69,70],"德化窑","日用器","器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ff01d418b6c6d47eabd3123b98fc00b29.jpg",[50],"37474F",{"id":75,"slug":76,"title":77,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":56,"tags":78,"thumbUrl":10,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":80,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},257288,"jia-jing-kuan-bai-you-an-hua-hua-wen-fang-guan-yi-ming-257288","嘉靖款白釉暗划花纹方罐",[18,24,47,7,70,79],"方罐",[],1777535756328]