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“短褂” 或 “马墩子”，流行于清代及民国时期\n清代初期，马褂为一般士兵穿着，至康熙时期富贵之家也有穿者。雍正后，马褂已甚为流行 。并发展成单、夹、纱、皮、棉等服装，成为男式便衣，士庶都可穿着。之后更逐渐演变为一种礼仪性的服装，不论身份，都以马褂套在长袍之外，显得文雅大方 。民国年间曾被列为礼服之一。新中国成立后，马褂逐步被摈弃，后经改良又以“唐装”的名称重新回到人们的视野中 。",[41,42,43,7,44,45],"衣帽","布料","貂皮边","福寿纹","对襟马褂","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F19618249196dc83b2eb7212a3af9dbcc.jpg",[],"37474F",{"id":50,"slug":51,"title":52,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":54,"thumbUrl":57,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":58,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},266438,"xing-huang-se-er-ze-tuan-long-wen-an-hua-jiang-chou-yang-pi-pao-yi-ming-266438","杏黄色二则团龙纹暗花江绸羊皮袍","清代皇帝服饰有朝服、吉服、常服、行服等。皇帝的龙袍属于吉服范畴，比朝服、衮服等礼服略次一等，平时较多穿着。穿龙袍时，必须戴吉服冠，束吉服带及挂朝珠。龙袍以明黄色为主也可用金黄杏黄等色。古时称帝王之位，为九五之尊。九、五两数，通常象征着高贵，在皇室建筑、生活器具等方面都有所反映。清朝皇帝的龙袍，据文献记载，也绣有九条龙。从实物来看，前后只有八条龙，与文字记载不符，缺一条龙。有人认为还有一条龙是皇帝本身。其实这条龙客观存在着，只是被绣在衣襟里面，一般不易看到。这样一来，每件龙袍实际即为九龙，而从正面或背面单独看时，所看见的都是五龙，与九五之数正好相吻合。另外，龙袍的下摆，斜向排列着许多弯曲的线条，名谓水脚。水脚之上，还有许多波浪翻滚的水浪，水浪之上，又立有山石宝物，俗称“海水江涯”，它除了表示绵延不断的吉祥含意之外，还有“一统山河”和“万世升平”的寓意。\n皇后常服样式，与满族贵妇服饰基本相似，圆领、大襟，衣领、衣袖及衣襟边缘，都饰有宽花边，只是图案有\n所不同。本图展示的服装纹样为凤穿牡丹。整件服装在鲜艳的蓝色缎地上，绣八只彩凤，彩凤中间，穿插数朵牡丹。牡丹的颜色处理得净穆而素雅，色彩变化惟妙，具有传统的山水画特点。与此相反，凤的颜色比较浓重，红绿对比度极为强烈，具有典型民族风格和时代特色。\n清代官服主要品种为长袍马褂。官帽与前朝截然不同，凡军士、差役以上军政人员都戴似斗笠而小的纬帽，按冬夏季节有暖帽、凉帽之分，还视品级高低安上不同颜色、质料的“顶子”，帽后拖一束孔雀翎。翎称花翎，高级的翎上有“眼”（羽毛上的圆斑），并有单眼、双眼、三眼之别，眼多者为贵，只有亲王或功勋卓著的大臣才被赏戴。皇帝有时还赏穿黄马褂，以示特别恩宠。影响所及，其他颜色的马褂遂在官员士绅中逐渐流行，成为一般的礼服。四、五品以上官员还项挂朝珠，用各种贵重珠宝、香木制成，构成清代官服的又一特点。丝纺绣染及各种手工专业的进步，为清代服饰品种的丰富创造了条件。\n清代男装主要是长袍和马褂，袖端呈马蹄形是历代不曾见过的。长袍造型简练，立领直身，偏大襟，前后衣身有接缝，下摆有两开衩（古时称“缺裤”），四开衩和无开衩几种类型。皇室贵族为便于骑射，着四面开衩长袍，即衣前后中缝和左右两侧均有开衩的式样，平民则着左右两侧开衩或称“一裹圆”的不开衩长袍。在我国文学名著《红楼梦》第九十四回“宴海棠贾母赏花妖”一节中，记述了一段内容“那日宝玉本来穿着”一裹圆的皮袄在家休息，忽听贾母要来，便去换了一件狐腋箭袖，罩了一件玄狐腿外褂。这里说明“一裹圆”，是休闲衣服，不可登大雅之堂，所以贾母的到来，必须换掉便装，改着正式穿戴。满清时期长袍外面的马褂身长不过膝，袖宽且短。衣服上的佩饰比较琐繁，一个金银牌上垂挂着数十件小东西，如耳挖子、镊子、牙签，还有一些古代兵器的小模型，如戟、枪之类，佩挂饰物在清代已经形成风尚。",[41,42,55,7,56],"龙纹","皮袍","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8b03e9c8ecddaf4687e431aa4abd56ce.jpg",[],{"id":60,"slug":61,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":64,"thumbUrl":66,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":67,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},266138,"ming-huang-se-jiang-shan-wan-dai-wen-an-hua-jiang-chou-diao-pi-duan-zhao-yi-ming-266138","明黄色江山万代纹暗花江绸貂皮端罩","端罩（duān zhào ），满语叫“达呼”，是清代一种极珍贵的皮制礼服；清代服饰名。在清代服饰制度中，是一种皇帝、诸王、高级官员等人在冬季时替代衮服·\n补褂套穿在朝服，吉服袍等袍服外的一种圆领、对襟、平袖、长及膝、左右垂带的翻毛外褂。\n端罩按《大清会典》的制度，有黑狐、紫貂、青狐、貂皮、猞猁狲、红豹皮、黄狐皮等几种；按质地、皮色的好坏及其里、带的颜色等内容，又分为八个等级，以此来区别其身份、地位的高低尊卑。皮端罩，是清代皇帝及文三品、武二品以上官员所用的一种翻毛外褂，一般在冬季穿着朝服、吉服等服饰时，代替衮服、补服罩于朝袍、吉服袍等。皇帝的端罩有黑狐皮和紫貂皮两种皮质。在冬季应穿端罩的时间里皇帝从十一月朔至上元穿用黑狐皮端罩，其余时间穿用紫貂皮端罩",[41,42,65,7],"貂皮","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fff15adcad8720740f2329641c7f6e1eb.jpg",[],{"id":69,"slug":70,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":71,"thumbUrl":74,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":75,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":76},266137,"ming-huang-se-jiang-shan-wan-dai-wen-an-hua-jiang-chou-diao-pi-duan-zhao-yi-ming-266137",[41,72,42,65,73,7],"服饰","明黄色","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2e357fe1f8421626d747dac3ff046609.jpg",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":78,"slug":79,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":80,"thumbUrl":81,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":82,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":76},266133,"ming-huang-se-jiang-shan-wan-dai-wen-an-hua-jiang-chou-diao-pi-duan-zhao-yi-ming-266133",[41,42,65,7,73],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F206f2a216d1415d5707a5c750fbe0a59.jpg",[],{"id":84,"slug":85,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":86,"thumbUrl":87,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":88,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":89},266118,"ming-huang-se-jiang-shan-wan-dai-wen-an-hua-jiang-chou-diao-pi-duan-zhao-yi-ming-266118",[41,72,42,65,73,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffdf69112accf6ea4b2ec0d86d335377b.jpg",[],"FDD835",{"id":91,"slug":92,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":93,"thumbUrl":94,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":95,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":76},266062,"ming-huang-se-jiang-shan-wan-dai-wen-an-hua-jiang-chou-diao-pi-duan-zhao-yi-ming-266062",[41,42,65,7,73],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8105c7c29a1f1b84910536185978805c.jpg",[],{"id":97,"slug":98,"title":99,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":100,"tags":101,"thumbUrl":105,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":106,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},261377,"qing-you-an-hua-wen-shou-mian-er-ping-yi-ming-261377","青釉暗花纹兽面耳瓶","中国瓷器著名传统颜色釉。亦称“青瓷釉”。古代南方青釉，是瓷器最早的颜色釉。\n所谓“青釉”，颜色并不是纯粹的青，有：月白、天青、粉青、梅子青、豆青、豆绿、翠青等，但多少总能泛出一点青绿色。同时，古人往往将青、绿、蓝三种颜色，一统称为“青色”，例如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》称：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也、蓝也，皆以青括之。”刘子芬《竹园陶说》中也说：“青色一种，常与蓝色相混。雨过天晴，钧窑、元窑之青，皆近蓝色。”“惟千峰翠色、梅子青、豆青、乃为纯青耳。天色本蓝，有时为青。”\n青釉是我国使用最早，延用时间最久，分布最广的一个釉种，它的发明是与我国瓷土矿大都含有一定量的铁矿的现象相一致的。青色也符合我国人民的传统审美情趣。青色与碧玉相若，认为稳重而高雅。浙江、江西、河南等地已出土了不少早至商周时期的原始青釉瓷。六朝至唐宋以越窑为代表的南方青釉瓷；宋到元明的龙泉窑系青瓷；耀州窑、临汝窑、钧窑等宋代北方青瓷；以及明、清以来的景德镇青釉瓷，是青釉发展的几个重要阶段，所谓的宋代“汝、定、官、哥、钧”五大名窑，除定窑外均属青釉瓷。表釉的呈色主要决定于着色氧化物的含铁量与烧成气氛，青釉含铁量一般在1—3%左右，过高会变成黑釉，低了就能烧成白瓷。在还原气氛中烧成。釉色青绿；在氧化气氛中烧成，釉色泛黄。因而陶瓷界所谓的青釉是相对而言的，正如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中所说：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也，蓝也，皆以青括之。”",[23,102,7,103,104],"器","兽面耳","青釉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F89c2eeb010cdb338d04d572401e8ac1d.jpg",[],{"id":108,"slug":109,"title":110,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":111,"tags":112,"thumbUrl":115,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":116,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},260526,"bai-you-an-hua-wen-da-hua-gu-yi-ming-260526","白釉暗花纹大花觚","将不含金属氧化物呈色元素的釉料施于胎骨洁白的器物上，入窑高温烧制而成的透明釉， 釉色因白润瓷胎的映衬而显出白色，现在习惯上将这种透明釉也称为白釉。\n瓷器釉料中的含铁量降低到0.75%以下，施于洁白的瓷胎上，入窑经高温烧制，就会出现白釉。严格地说，白釉是一种无色透明釉，而不是白色的釉 。白釉是瓷器传统釉色之一,真正的白釉应该是乳白色的乳浊釉,这种釉是近代才发明的。我国古代仅有元代枢府釉是失透的,其他白釉并不是白色的釉,\n白釉烧制工艺比青釉复杂，出现的时间也较青釉晚，一般瓷土和釉料，都或多或少含有一些氧化铁，器物烧出后必然呈现出深浅不同的青色来。如果釉料中的铁元素含量小于0.75%，烧出来的就会是白釉。\n白釉最早出现在汉代，比青釉瓷器晚了400多年，白釉瓷器开始是青白色的，因为瓷器中铁的含量高于1%就是青色的，少于1%就是白瓷了，所以中国白瓷经历青瓷、青白瓷、卵白釉、甜白釉、象牙白、白釉的发展过程。中国历史上白瓷产地有德化白瓷、定窑白瓷以及刑窑白瓷等。",[23,113,114,7,102],"花觚","白釉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8a5eff6fa33fe9c2391b17daa18fbcd8.jpg",[],{"id":118,"slug":119,"title":120,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":121,"tags":122,"thumbUrl":127,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":128,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},259112,"kang-xi-kuan-huang-you-bai-li-an-hua-wen-pan-yi-ming-259112","康熙款黄釉白里暗花纹盘","黄釉是汉族传统的陶瓷装饰艺术。最早出现于唐代，当时安徽淮南寿州窑、河南密县窑等都烧黄釉。但正色黄釉，还是宋代汝窑的高温黄釉——茶叶末釉。明代的黄釉有新的发展，洪武时的老僧衣即茶叶末的衍化；始于宣德的浇黄，更是明代杰出的黄釉；嘉靖以后，又有鱼子黄、鸡油黄等。入清后有康熙的淡黄，以及其后的菜尾、鼻烟、金酱等。",[23,123,7,124,125,126],"黄釉","盘","瓷器","日用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F577558288c2fe1ba4f874cef07df58a6.jpg",[],{"id":130,"slug":131,"title":132,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":133,"tags":134,"thumbUrl":137,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":138,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":76},258201,"yong-zheng-kuan-bai-you-an-hua-wen-shi-liu-zun-yi-ming-258201","雍正款白釉暗花纹石榴尊","雍正一朝虽然只有13年，但他的制瓷业成就却达到了清代官窑的历史高峰，其品种之多，制作工艺之精良，都是其他朝代无法比拟的。",[23,135,114,7,102,136],"清代","石榴","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F30d8a24fdb339808dec44c24ba799e3d.jpg",[],{"id":140,"slug":141,"title":142,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":111,"tags":143,"thumbUrl":150,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":151,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},257882,"bai-you-an-hua-wen-shuang-er-san-zu-lu-yi-ming-257882","白釉暗花纹双耳三足炉",[23,102,114,7,144,145,135,146,147,148,149],"双耳","三足","暗刻","釉色","三足器","双耳器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F82e63f601a2961f2ba794efb4d70966c.jpg",[],{"id":153,"slug":154,"title":155,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":121,"tags":156,"thumbUrl":10,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":157,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},257877,"jia-jing-kuan-huang-you-an-hua-wen-pan-yi-ming-257877","嘉靖款黄釉暗花纹盘",[18,23,123,7,102],[],1777535726896]