[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":101},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-bai-xi-wen":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},13365,"bai-xi-wen","百戏纹","百戏纹画高清赏析","精选中国历代百戏纹题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe0174afde5ba9740960687c14d8cc183.jpg",0,10,[14,36,47,54,62,70,76,82,88,94],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":29,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":33,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},279870,"bai-xi-wen-tong-dai-gou-yi-ming-279870","百戏纹铜带钩","汉","佚名","藏地不详","汉代青铜器产生于青铜时代的晚期，在我国青铜史上占有特殊的地位，体现出独特的设计思想和特征，具有卓越的科学功能，并对当今设计有很大的启示作用。\n汉代青铜器很多都是素纹，大部分还是铸造的，也有的花纹、铭文是用錾子雕刻的。比如汉代的鎏金杯子、奁、盒、碗等用具上的花纹，多是雕刻的。\n汉代以后至唐代的铜器，铸造的花纹很多，其中有打料的铜、金、银器，并且也有了大、小焊的技术。\n西汉初期（高祖至景帝），此时的青铜器，基本为素面。其鼎主要承自秦式，但一般三足更矮。敦盒形。\n壶有大小二型并存，大型壶腹下部略呈收缩之状，腹比秦壶要鼓；小型壶的腹部较瘦长，经常铸出变形螭纹。钫此时更流行，有的做得很讲究，通腹有镶嵌绿松石的三角云纹。\n鍪和蒜头壶继续流行。日用器皿中，高灯多见，豆式熏炉盛行，带钩显琵琶形、棒形、琴形讲究的多做成鎏金、错金银、镶玉或绿松石。\n西汉中期至东汉早期（西汉武帝至东汉章帝）是西汉青铜器最发达的时期，也是汉代青铜器新风格最终形成的时期。这时期最多见的青铜用器是鼎、壶、钫、尊、熨斗、带钩、铜镜。\n灯：古代照明器具。青铜灯出现于战国时期，而盛行于汉代。最著名的当属长信宫灯了，灯的样子很多，较普通的是有圆盘，盘内有钎，盘下有柱，柱下有圈足；也有盘下作雁足状的，盘用来盛油或插烛。\n另有一种灯自铭为“行灯”，它圆盘边有把，盘下有三短足。青铜灯最富感染力的当属那些铸成人形、禽形、兽形、树形的艺术造型灯。\n博山炉：古代焚香的器具。一般炉体作圆形，用来放香料，体下有高足，有的足还铸成人形或鸟兽形；炉盖均高而尖，雕镂成山峦形上有人物、走兽，象征海上仙山“博山”，故名“博山炉”。盛行于汉代。\n樽：古代盛酒的器皿，器作圆形，直壁，有盖，腹较深，下有三兽足，旁有铺首衔环耳。\n洗：盥洗用器皿。形状象盆，圆形、宽口沿，平或圆底，腹外多有铺首衔环耳，内底常用双鱼作装饰，并多铸吉语。盛行于汉晋。\n耳杯：古代饮酒器。多漆制，称“羽觞”。铜质者，器作椭圆形，腹壁有二环耳。\n熨斗：古式熨烫衣服的工具。形状为圆腹宽口沿，有长柄，盛行于汉魏。\n东汉中晚期（和帝至献帝）青铜器又有了新的变化。此时使用较多的铜器日用品有：钟、扁壶、盆、釜、鐎斗、灯、博山炉、炉、熨斗、尊、耳杯、虎子、车马器、带钩、铜镜、玺印等。\n此时青铜器的特点是比以前轻薄、错金银技术在青铜器装饰中几乎消失，鎏金仍多，鎏金器上出现了细线阴刻云纹。",[23,24,25,26,27,28,7],"青铜器","铜制","饰品","带钩","雕刻","兽","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F953d85b618ae71e06e3fd44a39ebf57b.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],1,"795548",{"id":37,"slug":38,"title":39,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":41,"thumbUrl":45,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":46,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},278982,"zhang-li-bai-xi-wen-liang-mian-tong-yin-yi-ming-278982","“长利”百戏纹两面铜印","铜印章是由金属铜铸造而成，具有硬度大，不变形，保存时间长的特点。当代，由中国铜领域第一人的朱炳仁大师开创了熔铜铸印，每枚形态各异，造型独特，极具艺术性。\n铜印的印面，也可见到极少数的棱形和圆形铜印，印纽的形状变化较多，有瓦纽，兔纽，兽纽，柄纽，片纽等等。古代铜印从印文内容上又可分为官印，人名印，闲章，吉祥语，图案印，斋室印，收藏印，在古代遗留下的书画作品或其他文史资料中，人们可以常常可以看到这类印文。\n从拍卖市场来看，铜印中的官印最受市场追捧，像“统军千户之印”，印背一侧刻“统军千户之印”，另一侧刻“中书礼部造，太平二年月日”，系元末农民起义军徐寿辉所铸。另外一枚魏晋时期的奉车都尉鎏金青铜玺印，估价5万至8万元，成交价则达到了19.04万元。奉车都尉是一种官名，自汉武帝设立之后，到宋代废弃，这枚铜印无疑是当时历史的一段记载。\n相比官印，肖形印也是铜印中的主要品种。在2007年中国嘉德秋拍中，一枚估价仅为2000至4000元的战国肖形青铜印，成交价达到了4万余元。这枚铜印的印面为龙形图案，虎钮，造型生动活泼，栩栩如生，不可多得。肖形印，亦称画印、图印、封蜡印及生肖印，是印学研究中不可缺少的重要组成部分，它有别于文字印，但内容十分广泛。\n值得注意的是，随着铜印身价的与日俱增，赝品也越来越多地出现在市场上。由于铜本身的价格不如金银，因此造假成本比较低，加上拍卖价格比较高，因此巨大的利益驱使了造假者纷纷出手。收藏市场上的铜印赝品，绝大多数是翻砂浇铸的粗劣之作。印钮两侧的标记文字也是浇铸成形的，文字不清或似是而非。为了使赝品更加逼真，造假者往往会人为制作黑色包浆，常用办法是涂上油腊烤烧数遍之后即成，但往往可以通过手剥看到下面的黄铜。",[42,24,43,44,23,27,7],"印章","篆刻","篆书","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffdad52c1b58d9d3313ed5578ce7b1765.jpg",[],{"id":48,"slug":49,"title":39,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":50,"thumbUrl":10,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":52,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":53},278499,"zhang-li-bai-xi-wen-liang-mian-tong-yin-yi-ming-278499",[42,24,43,23,7,51],"人物",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":55,"slug":56,"title":57,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":58,"thumbUrl":60,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":61,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},280751,"bai-xi-wen-gui-niu-tong-yin-yi-ming-280751","百戏纹龟钮铜印",[42,43,24,23,59,7],"龟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2865f274a2e7b1eac518baee9f0f5648.jpg",[],{"id":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":66,"thumbUrl":68,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":69,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},280091,"bai-xi-wen-bi-niu-tong-yin-yi-ming-280091","百戏纹鼻钮铜印",[42,43,24,67,23,7],"鼻钮","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe747b6be984442d0b205c1e1edb85520.jpg",[],{"id":71,"slug":72,"title":65,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":73,"thumbUrl":74,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":75,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},280088,"bai-xi-wen-bi-niu-tong-yin-yi-ming-280088",[42,24,43,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F46fcfffe11a6909c927173439907481b.jpg",[],{"id":77,"slug":78,"title":65,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":79,"thumbUrl":80,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":81,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},280082,"bai-xi-wen-bi-niu-tong-yin-yi-ming-280082",[42,24,43,67,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb88d1f54395f6918a032d15ffdf51610.jpg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