[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":77},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-bo-si-wen":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},4327,"bo-si-wen","波斯文","波斯文画高清赏析","精选中国历代波斯文题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffe8a62f1108285b013f6cae3052220e7.jpg",0,4,[14,36,48,60],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":30,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":34,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},261344,"bai-you-fan-hong-cai-a-la-bo-wen-bo-si-wen-pan-yi-ming-261344","白釉矾红彩阿拉伯文波斯文盘","明","佚名","藏地不详","将不含金属氧化物呈色元素的釉料施于胎骨洁白的器物上，入窑高温烧制而成的透明釉， 釉色因白润瓷胎的映衬而显出白色，现在习惯上将这种透明釉也称为白釉。\n瓷器釉料中的含铁量降低到0.75%以下，施于洁白的瓷胎上，入窑经高温烧制，就会出现白釉。严格地说，白釉是一种无色透明釉，而不是白色的釉 。白釉是瓷器传统釉色之一,真正的白釉应该是乳白色的乳浊釉,这种釉是近代才发明的。我国古代仅有元代枢府釉是失透的,其他白釉并不是白色的釉,\n白釉烧制工艺比青釉复杂，出现的时间也较青釉晚，一般瓷土和釉料，都或多或少含有一些氧化铁，器物烧出后必然呈现出深浅不同的青色来。如果釉料中的铁元素含量小于0.75%，烧出来的就会是白釉。\n白釉最早出现在汉代，比青釉瓷器晚了400多年，白釉瓷器开始是青白色的，因为瓷器中铁的含量高于1%就是青色的，少于1%就是白瓷了，所以中国白瓷经历青瓷、青白瓷、卵白釉、甜白釉、象牙白、白釉的发展过程。中国历史上白瓷产地有德化白瓷、定窑白瓷以及刑窑白瓷等。",[23,24,25,26,27,28,7,29],"陶瓷","日用具","盘","白釉","矾红彩","阿拉伯文","书法","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7a319e8ba0762ab641a8f18539ca674e.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],"37474F",{"id":37,"slug":38,"title":39,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":41,"thumbUrl":45,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":46,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":47},228511,"miao-hong-a-la-bo-wen-bo-si-wen-pan-yi-ming-228511","描红阿拉伯文波斯文盘","用漆涂在各种器物的表面上所制成的日常器具及工艺品、美术品等，一般称为“漆器”。生漆是从漆树割取的天然液汁，主要由漆酚、漆酶、树胶质及水分构成。用它作涂料，有耐潮、耐高温、耐腐蚀等特殊功能，又可以配制出不同色漆，光彩照人。在中国，从新石器时代起就认识了漆的性能并用以制器。历经商周直至明清，中国的漆器工艺不断发展，达到了相当高的水平。中国的炝金、描金等工艺品，对日本等地都有深远影响。漆器是中国古代在化学工艺及工艺美术方面的重要发明。\n中国古代漆器的工艺，早在新石器时代就已经出现，夏代的木胎漆器不仅用于日常生活，也用于祭祀，并常用朱、黑二色来髹涂。殷商时代已有“石器雕琢，觞酌刻镂”的漆艺。1973年河南成蒿成台西村商代遗址中出土的漆器残片，在木胎上雕饰饕餮纹，并涂上朱、黑两色的漆。 [2]\n西晋以后到南北朝，由于佛教的盛行，出现利用夹纻工艺所造的大型佛像，此时的漆工艺被用来为宗教信仰服务，夹纻胎漆器也因而发展。所谓的夹纻是以漆灰和麻布造型作为漆胎，胎骨轻巧而坚牢。\n唐代经济发达文化繁荣，种种因素使工艺美术也随之发达，在艺术、技术以及生产上，皆远超过前期。唐朝漆器大放异彩，呈现出华丽的风格，漆器制作技术也往富丽方向发展，金银平脱、螺钿、雕漆等制作费时、价格昂贵的技法在当时极为盛行。\n宋代漆器的制胎和髹饰技艺已经十分成熟，当时不仅官方设有专门生产机构，民间制作漆器也很普遍。漆器所制作的器皿，样式多且富变化，造型简朴，表现出器物结构比例之美。一般而言，宋代漆器以素色静谧为主。\n明代时期的工艺美术跨入新的阶段，官方设厂专制御用的各种漆器，并由著名的漆艺家管理。除了官设的漆器厂外，民间漆器生产也遍及大江南北。明代江南漆器名家辈出﹐明初有张德刚﹐包亮﹐明代中期有方信川，明末有江千里等，并出现集漆器工艺之大成的著作：黄成著，杨明注《髹饰录》。\n髹饰工艺在这时有很大的革新，结合多种传统技法，两种以上的技法作结合，不同的文饰在不同的素地上更换，开创出千文万华的繁荣局面。\n今日中国大陆和台湾，漆器仍是民间工艺的重要组成部份，著名的漆器工艺，包括福州的脱胎漆器，厦门的髹金漆丝漆器，广东晕金漆器，扬州螺钿漆器，稷山螺钿漆器，山西平遥推光漆器，成都银片罩花漆器，安徽屯溪犀皮漆器，北京剔红漆器，台湾南投县黑髹漆器等。",[42,23,43,28,7,44],"明代","描红","器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F99c2612e3afb3007717680c858631c20.jpg",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":49,"slug":50,"title":51,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":52,"tags":53,"thumbUrl":57,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":58,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":59},223931,"qing-hua-bo-si-wen-hua-hui-wen-qian-wan-1-yi-ming-223931","青花波斯文花卉纹浅碗-1","青花瓷（blue and white porcelain），又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。明宣德时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。",[23,54,7,55,42,56],"青花","花卉纹","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F65efb2cd0f17533a9f0ebef895d8f51d.jpg",[],"795548",{"id":61,"slug":62,"title":63,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":52,"tags":64,"thumbUrl":10,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":76,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":47},223930,"qing-hua-bo-si-wen-hua-hui-wen-qian-wan-yi-ming-223930","青花波斯文花卉纹浅碗",[18,23,54,55,7,44,65,66,67,68,69,70,56,71,72,73,74,75],"浅碗","纹饰","青花技法","明代风格","花卉","文字纹","青花工艺","明代陶瓷","花卉纹饰","波斯文字","青花器",[],1777535765638]