[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":300},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-chang-fa":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},4608,"chang-fa","长发","长发画高清赏析","精选中国历代长发题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3c8e28cd97b8696a6a7d90f31ec26a1b.jpg",0,23,[14,38,59,69,87,101,117,127,140,150,164,179,189,199,208,220,229,238,246,253,271,279,290],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":31,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":34,"collections":35,"showCount":36,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":37},225623,"rembrandt-harmensz-van-rijn-0218-lun-bo-lang-225623","Rembrandt Harmensz.van Rijn - 0218","不详","伦勃朗","藏地不详","伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·凡·莱因（Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn，1606年7月15日～1669年10月4日）是欧洲17世纪最伟大的画家之一，也是荷兰历史上最伟大的画家。\n伦勃朗早年从师P.拉斯特曼，1625年在家乡开设画室。画作体裁广泛，擅长肖像画、风景画、风俗画、宗教画、历史画等领域。",[23,24,25,26,27,7,28,29,30],"油画","肖像画","人物","男性","帽子","红色衣物","白色内搭","明暗对比","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0aa547ec3d3ec6bc53162be886d4b5ce.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","油画精选",[34],36,"37474F",{"id":39,"slug":40,"title":41,"dynasty":18,"author":42,"museum":20,"description":43,"tags":44,"thumbUrl":54,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":55,"collections":56,"showCount":57,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":58},230592,"su-miao-6-da-fen-qi-230592","素描-6","达芬奇","列奥纳多·达·芬奇［意大利语：Leonardo da Vinci；儒略历1452年4月15日（公历4月23日）~1519年5月2日］。意大利文艺复兴画家、科学家、发明家。 现代学者称他为“文艺复兴时期最完美的代表”，是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才，其最大的成就是绘画，他的杰作《蒙娜丽莎》和《最后的晚餐》等作品，体现了他精湛的艺术造诣。\n达·芬奇思想深邃，学识渊博、擅长绘画、雕刻、发明、建筑，通晓数学、生物学、物理学、天文学、地质学等学科 。保存下来的手稿大约有6000页。达·芬奇认为自然中最美的研究对象是人体，人体是大自然的奇妙之作品，画家应以人为绘画对象的核心。\n达·芬奇生于托斯卡纳的芬奇镇附近。他在少年时已显露艺术天赋，15岁左右到佛罗伦萨拜师学艺，成长为具有科学素养的画家、雕刻家。并成为军事工程师和建筑师。 1482年应聘到米兰后，在贵族宫廷中进行创作和研究活动，1513年起漂泊于罗马和佛罗伦萨等地。1516年侨居法国，1519年5月2日病逝。\n2021年7月9日，达·芬奇素描《熊的头部》在伦敦佳士得以885.75万英镑，约合8000万元人民币的价格成交，创下达·芬奇素描画新的拍卖纪录",[25,45,46,47,48,49,7,50,51,52,53],"素描","写实","肖像","纸本","侧脸","胡须","线条","光影","明暗","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc611cec1fbad5f12ba10f41a7225a550.jpg","",[],27,"F48FB1",{"id":60,"slug":61,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":63,"thumbUrl":66,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":34,"collections":67,"showCount":68,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":37},225642,"rembrandt-harmensz-van-rijn-052-lun-bo-lang-225642","Rembrandt Harmensz.van Rijn - 052",[23,25,64,65,30,47,26,50,7],"宗教","设色","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa9b9dbb8775ed6559226fe50c0bdca04.jpg",[34],19,{"id":70,"slug":71,"title":72,"dynasty":18,"author":73,"museum":20,"description":74,"tags":75,"thumbUrl":83,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":55,"collections":84,"showCount":85,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":86},232357,"he-er-bai-yin-16-he-er-bai-yin-232357","荷尔拜因16","荷尔拜因","小汉斯·荷尔拜因（约1497年-1543年11月29日以前）是德国画家，最擅长油画和版画，是欧洲北方文艺复兴时代的艺术家。其代表作有：木版画《死神之舞》。\n荷尔拜因在创作一幅肖像画以前，经常用铅笔描绘衣物、装饰品等细节，有时也用钢笔或垩笔，然后在纸上沿轮廓扎上小孔，铺在画布上，用炭粉将其转移到画布上。在晚年也使用复写纸。他的画作对细节描绘非常详细、真实，甚至于仪器上的刻度、信笺上的文字、桌布上的花纹都描绘的一丝不苟，但整体风格仍然非常统一，人文主义风格非常明显，俄罗斯作家陀斯妥耶夫斯基曾经评价他的作品《墓中的基督》：“可以把许多人的信仰夺去。” 他曾经从同为英国王室画家的弗拉芒画家卢卡斯·霍亨布特那里学习画微型画，卢卡斯曾为他画了一幅微型画像，他自己从没有画过自画像。",[64,25,76,46,51,77,78,79,80,81,7,82],"铜版画","衣纹","光环","布料","建筑局部","地面","婴儿","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F728fa25c57b66fd439f7f6ae7b58c9d7.jpg",[],4,"795548",{"id":88,"slug":89,"title":90,"dynasty":18,"author":91,"museum":20,"description":92,"tags":93,"thumbUrl":98,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":55,"collections":99,"showCount":100,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":86},231166,"su-miao-420-xi-fang-231166","素描420","西方","使用单一色彩表现明度变化的绘画。绘画工具而在画面载体上按照一定的绘制原则而有意塑造物体形态的美术活动。速写是素描的一种变式。素描水平是反映绘画者空间造型能力的重要指标之一。\n素描是绘画的基础，绘画的骨骼；也是最节制、最需要理智来协助的艺术。初学绘画的人一定要先学素描，素描画得好的人，油画自然画得好。素描的起源，普遍都是以文艺复兴开始，事实上希腊的瓶绘、雕塑都有良好的素描基础。初期的素描是视为绘画的底稿，例如作壁画先要有构想的草稿，然后有素描的底稿，同时也要有手、脸部分精密素描图。作壁画习惯上是不看模特儿写生的，完全要靠事先准备的习作素描和画家的记忆。近代素描，已脱离了原来的底稿和习作的地位，可以成为艺术品来欣赏。画素描的态度不只培养描写力，同时也培养造型的能力，最后仅仅是素描也可视为作品来欣赏。相反的单看油画作品就可知道作者在素描上的造诣如何。因此，素描是绘画的基础，也是绘画的骨骼，是初学画的人无论如何要先认真学素描。素描在严格的解释上，只有单色的黑与白，但如加上淡彩或颜色，仍可认作素描。素描的表现方法分成：一、以描画材料来看可分成木炭素描、铅笔素描、炭精素描、钢笔素描、银笔素描、毛笔素描等。二、以所画的题材可分成石膏像素描，风景素描，静物素描、人体素描、幻想素描。三、依素描的目的又可分成作为构想的素描、用作画稿的素描、速写、作品、习作。\n由木炭，铅笔，钢笔等，以线条来画出物象明暗的单色画，称作素描。单色水彩和单色油画也可以算作素描；中国传统的白描和水墨画也可以称之为素描。通常讲的素描多元化指铅笔画和炭笔画。素描是一切绘画的基础，这是研究绘画艺术所必须经过的一个阶段。　素描通常采用可于平面留下痕迹的方法：如，炭笔，钢笔，画笔，墨水，及纸张等。轮廓和线条是素描的一般称谓。素描具备了自然律动感。不同的笔触营造出不同的线条及横切关系和节奏、主动与被动的周围环境、平面、体积、色调、及质感。\n素描是一种正式的艺术创作，以单色线条来表现直观世界中的事物，亦可以表达思想、概念、态度、感情、幻想、象征甚至抽象形式。它不像带色彩的绘画那样重视总体和彩色，而是着重结构和形式。",[45,46,52,51,94,25,95,96,7,79,97,30],"质感刻画","女性","躺姿","手部动作","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb42751b2d2376d187a27661d4ffc2a61.jpg",[],3,{"id":102,"slug":103,"title":104,"dynasty":18,"author":105,"museum":20,"description":106,"tags":107,"thumbUrl":10,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":55,"collections":115,"showCount":100,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":116},225477,"fu-shi-hui-235-yi-ming-225477","浮世绘235","佚名","浮世绘，也就是日本的风俗画，版画。它是日本江户时代（1603～1867年间，也叫德川幕府时代）兴起的一种独特的民族艺术，是典型的花街柳巷艺术。主要描绘人们日常生活、风景和演剧。浮世绘常被认为专指彩色印刷的木版画（日语称为锦绘），但事实上也有手绘的作品。\n从其绘画素材看，70%以上内容是妓画（暂称为“美人画”）和伎画（暂称为“艺人画”），也就是说，作品主角是娼妓和艺伎，女性，裸体，性感美，色情是其标志性特征。用现代艺术眼光看，可算“人体绘画艺术”，其中的大胆的性爱题材引起注意，成为古代东方一种人本主义的新研究方向。在日本，存在着对这类作品的争议，也有的认为是乐而不淫，肯定其价值。\n浮世绘的艺术渊源，一来自绘画，师承了中国的“春画”，房中术绘画也；二来自文学，浸染了“浮世草子”（草子：小说），西鹤《好色一代女》、《好色一代男》和近松《曾根崎情死》、《情死天网岛》等等，是文学“浮世写”直接彰显，主题和题材无非色情和妓女（当然，文学价值与作品题材并非正比例关系）。\n因此，“浮世绘”是一个绘画艺术的专有名词，有其特定的内涵外延。印象派大师如德加等也受到浮世绘的感染，模仿当时日本的出口商品的包装的风格创作了不少绘画。近现代西方人体绘画艺术借鉴了日本“浮世绘”主题和技法，这是积极的方面，有着艺术审美的价值。\n望文生义的理解“浮世绘”，想当然的以为就是关于尘世风俗的绘画，类似于《清明上河图》那种风俗画。再扩大到文学领域运用这个专有名词，泛化为关于尘世风俗的描写，则偏离约定俗成的语义越来越远，差不多等于是错别字了。搞绘画的人很难接受这样的定义，日本人当诧异一个日本词汇出口到中国以后居然发生了那么大的歧义。",[108,109,65,25,110,7,111,112,113,114],"浮世绘","木刻","美人","和服","花卉","传统服饰","版画",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":118,"slug":119,"title":120,"dynasty":18,"author":91,"museum":20,"description":92,"tags":121,"thumbUrl":124,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":55,"collections":125,"showCount":126,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":116},231169,"su-miao-423-xi-fang-231169","素描423",[45,46,25,95,122,53,123,7],"动态","赤脚","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6f152b877cb99d8a89827f1bdca03938.jpg",[],2,{"id":128,"slug":129,"title":130,"dynasty":18,"author":105,"museum":20,"description":131,"tags":132,"thumbUrl":137,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":55,"collections":138,"showCount":139,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":116},289082,"jean-restout-le-jeune-head-of-a-bearded-man-yi-ming-289082","Jean Restout le jeune--Head of a Bearded Man","这是一幅精妙的色粉素描，以红棕与深色粉笔铺陈画面。画家以松弛流转的排线，勾勒出老者发丝卷曲蓬松的层次，虚实掩映间晕开鬓角与耳侧的明暗变化，将发丝柔软却苍劲的质感尽显。\n顺着线条向下，长髯的笔触舒展柔和，顺着胡须走向铺陈出蓬松厚重的体量感，又以细腻的色调过渡刻画出皮肤松弛的褶皱肌理，将老者饱经风霜却沉静平和的神态细腻铺陈。冷暖色调的克制搭配，既区分开毛发与肤色，又赋予画面温柔的温度，仅以简练精准的笔触便烘托出人物沉静安然的气韵，尽显古典写实素描的雅致功底。",[45,133,134,135,136,7,49],"人物画","人物肖像","老年男性","长胡须","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc10ecbb77d320d3b3e9525b6f8cc4c4c.jpg",[],1,{"id":141,"slug":142,"title":143,"dynasty":18,"author":105,"museum":20,"description":144,"tags":145,"thumbUrl":148,"material":32,"size":33,"collection":55,"collections":149,"showCount":139,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":116},288564,"attributed-to-marco-benefial-youth-kissing-an-outstretched-hand-yi-ming-288564","attributed to Marco Benefial--Youth Kissing an Outstretched 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