[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":160},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-chi-shou":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},13276,"chi-shou","螭兽","螭兽画高清赏析","精选中国历代螭兽题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe166def8e432087453a0a77b14466bc8.jpg",0,18,[14,34,43,51,59,66,73,80,88,96,104,112,118,125,132,139,147,154],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":27,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":31,"showCount":32,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},276975,"chi-niu-chang-chun-ju-shi-fang-yin-yi-ming-276975","螭纽“长春居士”方印","清","佚名","藏地不详","战国时期，主张合纵的名相苏秦佩戴过六国相印。近几年来，出土的文物又把印章的历史向前推进了数百年。也就是说，印章在周朝时就有了。\n传世的古代玺印，多数出于古城废墟、河流和古墓中。有的是战争中战败者流亡时所遗弃，也有在战争中殉职者遗弃在战场上的，而当时的惯例，凡在战场上虏获的印章必须上交，而官吏迁职、死后也须脱解印绶上交。其它有不少如官职连姓名的，以及吉语印、肖形印等一般是殉葬之物，而不是实品。其它在战国时代的陶器和标准量器上，以及有些诸侯国的金币上，都用印章盖上名称和记录上制造工匠的名姓或图记性质的符号，也被流传下来。\n古玺是先秦印章的通称。我们现在所能看到的一般最早的印章大多是战国古玺。印文笔画细如毫发，都出于铸造。白文古玺大多加边栏，或在中间加一竖界格，文字有铸有凿。官玺的印文内容有“司马”、“司徒”等名称外，还有各种不规则的形状，内容还刻有吉语和生动的物图案。朱文古玺大多加边栏，或在中间加一竖界格，文字有铸有凿。",[23,24,25,7,26],"印章","玉石","雕刻","篆刻","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F805dfc3cf0c622029d8c10162e88f8e0.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],4,"BDBDBD",{"id":35,"slug":36,"title":37,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":39,"thumbUrl":41,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":42,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},278124,"wo-chi-niu-tai-ji-ben-wu-ji-yin-yi-ming-278124","卧螭纽“太极本无极”印","明",[23,26,25,7,40],"石质","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F01989f535c62d9ac1a734a810fa49c26.jpg",[],{"id":44,"slug":45,"title":46,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":47,"thumbUrl":49,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":50,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},278109,"chi-niu-fu-shou-chang-chun-yin-yi-ming-278109","螭纽“福寿长春”印",[23,26,24,25,7,48],"福寿","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F71289cd6ae4fc7838fd0f18ad05086cf.jpg",[],{"id":52,"slug":53,"title":54,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":55,"thumbUrl":57,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":58,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},278107,"chi-niu-ji-xiang-guang-ming-yin-yi-ming-278107","螭纽“吉祥光明”印",[23,26,7,24,56],"吉祥","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F261a9fc4d82e67c4065ecf367f21aa02.jpg",[],{"id":60,"slug":61,"title":62,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":63,"thumbUrl":64,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":65,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},278004,"chi-niu-tian-gong-xian-gui-yin-yi-ming-278004","螭纽“天宫仙桂”印",[23,26,24,25,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb8ea61c3264f2a0ad954546a6fc84505.jpg",[],{"id":67,"slug":68,"title":69,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":70,"thumbUrl":71,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":72,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},277431,"chi-niu-qing-shu-shan-guan-yin-yi-ming-277431","螭纽“清舒山馆”印",[23,24,25,7,26],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe9e6d13865f4f4cf7559b0763fc2edd6.jpg",[],{"id":74,"slug":75,"title":76,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":77,"thumbUrl":78,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":79,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},277273,"chi-niu-you-ri-zi-zi-yin-yi-ming-277273","螭纽“犹日孜孜”印",[23,24,26,25,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd0ac501a09725fc9e76c05e8cbf456a8.jpg",[],{"id":81,"slug":82,"title":83,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":84,"tags":85,"thumbUrl":86,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":87,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},277271,"chi-niu-xue-shi-tang-xi-yi-ming-277271","螭纽“学诗堂”玺","印章，用作印于文件上表示鉴定或签署的文具，一般印章都会先沾上颜料再印上，不沾颜料、印上平面后会呈现凹凸的称为钢印，有些是印于蜡或火漆上、信封上的蜡印。制作材质有 玉石、金属、木头、石头等。印章是中国传统文化的代表之一\n明代（1368～1644年）皇帝、王府之宝用玉箸篆玉印。这种篆书“笔画两头肥瘦均匀，末不出锋”，乃“篆书正宗也”（清?陈沣《摹印述》）。御宝舍两宋九叠文而直溯唐以上之玉箸篆，意味着九叠文禁锢公印的冰山已经松动。\n此外，明代内阁印用玉箸文银印，直钮，方一寸七分，厚六分；将军印用柳叶文，平羌、平蛮、征西、镇朔等将军印用螭鼎文，皆银印虎钮，方三寸三分，厚九分；其余百官印都用九叠文，铜印直钮，这类印比重最大。如故宫博物院藏明洪武二十二年（1389年）造“朵颜卫都指挥使司之印”。\n明代直钮已由两宋长方形板状钮变为上小下大的椭圆柱状，加高到8厘米左右，形成后世俗称的“印把子”。明代官印背款皆凿年款及编号。\n应该指出，两宋之时，九叠文中所谓的“九”是—个概数，极言其多，不一定确有九叠，也可能只有五叠、七叠，叠即一字中横画的层数。但明代九叠文中绝大多数确有九层横画。\n清代百官印等级区分同样十分严格，印章普遍有所增大。其字体有蒙古文楷书、满文、汉篆等。最常见的是汉满文对照同时出现在印面上，这也是清公印的一大特点。其中汉篆中，九叠文不太兴盛，出现了玉箸篆、悬针篆、柳叶篆、芝英篆等等。",[23,24,26,7,25],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc9a70091ab9a150f9e170c9a096654f7.jpg",[],{"id":89,"slug":90,"title":91,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":92,"thumbUrl":94,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":95,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},277114,"chi-niu-zi-qiang-bu-xi-yin-yi-ming-277114","螭纽“自强不息”印",[23,24,26,7,93],"兽","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6884dac06064bc4fe62f8d5b59ed5de2.jpg",[],{"id":97,"slug":98,"title":99,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":100,"tags":101,"thumbUrl":102,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":103,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},277037,"chi-niu-jian-ming-de-zi-qian-yi-bao-wan-nian-zhi-wu-ji-tian-zhang-yi-ming-277037","螭纽“建明德子千亿保万年治无极田”章","战国时期，主张合纵的名相苏秦佩戴过六国相印。近几年来，出土的文物又把印章的历史向前推进了数百年。也就是说，印章在周朝时就有了。\n传世的古代玺印，多数出于古城废墟、河流和古墓中。有的是战争中战败者流亡时所遗弃，也有在战争中殉职者遗弃在战场上的，而当时的惯例，凡在战场上虏获的印章必须上交，而官吏迁职、死后也须脱解印绶上交。其它有不少如官职连姓名的，以及吉语印、肖形印等一般是殉葬之物，而不是实品。其它在战国时代的陶器和标准量器上，以及有些诸侯国的金币上，都用印章盖上名称和记录上制造工匠的名姓或图记性质的符号，也被流传下来。\n古玺是先秦印章的通称。我们现在所能看到的一般最早的印章大多是战国古玺。印文笔画细如毫发，都出于铸造。白文古玺大多加边栏，或在中间加一竖界格，文字有铸有凿。官玺的印文内容有“司马”、“司徒”等名称外，还有各种不规则的形状，内容还刻有吉语和生动的物图案。朱文古玺大多加边栏，或在中间加一竖界格，文字有铸有凿。\n古印章和书画一样，崇尚名人效应，讲究技艺水准。一般来说，篆刻作者以及印章属主的名气大小、地位高低和作品的价值成正比。但古印章和字画、陶瓷等热门品种又有所不同。由于藏家、行家相对较少，认知能力跟不上，以至于鉴定难度加大，认可上更挑剔、更严格。因此，对于名人作品的收藏或投资，一定要慎之又慎。即不仅要真，还要真得“好”、“精”、“开门”。要注意鉴别旧仿以及改刻、添款之作。\n古印章大多都有钮饰工艺，而钮工的精粗与否将直接影响到古印章的价值。钮饰雕琢奇巧、精致传神，薄意浮雕水平高超的，附加值亦随之提升。\n古印章的石材产地多，仅寿山、青田、昌化三地就有数百种之多，其质地高下、优劣参差不齐。一般来说，衡量石质有三点：一是直观颜色漂亮明艳、亮丽抢眼；二是质感好，即符合“细、腻、温、润、结、凝”之“六德”；三是产量稀少、外貌特殊，如上品母黄、芙蓉、封门、鸡血等名品。",[23,26,24,25,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb2fb409ce3a0f0fa86f813abcc8f09cb.jpg",[],{"id":105,"slug":106,"title":107,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":108,"tags":109,"thumbUrl":110,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":111,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},277010,"yun-chi-niu-yu-ci-lang-yin-ge-bao-yi-ming-277010","云螭纽“御赐朗吟阁宝”","印章，用作印于文件上表示鉴定或签署的文具，一般印章都会先沾上颜料再印上，不沾颜料、印上平面后会呈现凹凸的称为钢印，有些是印于蜡或火漆上、信封上的蜡印。制作材质有 玉石、金属、木头、石头等。印章是中国传统文化的代表之一。",[23,24,25,26,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F09b25901ba94a272ca9f5874508b5821.jpg",[],{"id":113,"slug":114,"title":91,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":115,"thumbUrl":116,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":117,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},276976,"chi-niu-zi-qiang-bu-xi-yin-yi-ming-276976",[23,24,25,26,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa2c18de52b9fe6d39292819aefae84db.jpg",[],{"id":119,"slug":120,"title":121,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":122,"thumbUrl":123,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":124,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},276972,"chi-niu-feng-san-wu-si-yin-yi-ming-276972","螭纽“奉三无私”印",[23,26,24,7,25],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F191b298ceaeb19be7c3d14fa20bb3d6b.jpg",[],{"id":126,"slug":127,"title":128,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":129,"thumbUrl":130,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":131,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},276963,"chi-niu-dun-zang-yin-yi-ming-276963","螭纽“敦牂”印",[23,24,26,7,25],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F49dfa240aebf229e46e80af632fc8a5b.jpg",[],{"id":133,"slug":134,"title":135,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":108,"tags":136,"thumbUrl":137,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":138,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},276949,"chi-niu-xian-feng-yu-bi-zhi-bao-yi-ming-276949","螭纽“咸丰御笔之宝”",[23,24,25,7,26],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F64ae844285bfef64990c01e40422590f.jpg",[],{"id":140,"slug":141,"title":142,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":143,"thumbUrl":144,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":145,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":146},276938,"yu-pi-wo-chi-niu-liu-wei-shi-cheng-fang-yin-yi-ming-276938","玉皮卧螭紐“六位时成”方印",[23,26,24,25,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd3671a40476c2ec2b079d90a8fd43cc9.jpg",[],"795548",{"id":148,"slug":149,"title":150,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":100,"tags":151,"thumbUrl":152,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":153,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},276495,"chi-niu-jia-qing-zhang-yi-ming-276495","螭纽“嘉庆”章",[23,26,24,25,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3f3b232f876feac393751ce586996398.jpg",[],{"id":155,"slug":156,"title":157,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":100,"tags":158,"thumbUrl":10,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":159,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},276221,"shuang-chi-niu-yu-bi-zhang-yi-ming-276221","双螭纽“御笔”章",[23,26,24,25,7],[],1777535722456]