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玉石、金属、木头、石头等。印章是中国传统文化的代表之一\n明代（1368～1644年）皇帝、王府之宝用玉箸篆玉印。这种篆书“笔画两头肥瘦均匀，末不出锋”，乃“篆书正宗也”（清?陈沣《摹印述》）。御宝舍两宋九叠文而直溯唐以上之玉箸篆，意味着九叠文禁锢公印的冰山已经松动。\n此外，明代内阁印用玉箸文银印，直钮，方一寸七分，厚六分；将军印用柳叶文，平羌、平蛮、征西、镇朔等将军印用螭鼎文，皆银印虎钮，方三寸三分，厚九分；其余百官印都用九叠文，铜印直钮，这类印比重最大。如故宫博物院藏明洪武二十二年（1389年）造“朵颜卫都指挥使司之印”。\n明代直钮已由两宋长方形板状钮变为上小下大的椭圆柱状，加高到8厘米左右，形成后世俗称的“印把子”。明代官印背款皆凿年款及编号。\n应该指出，两宋之时，九叠文中所谓的“九”是—个概数，极言其多，不一定确有九叠，也可能只有五叠、七叠，叠即一字中横画的层数。但明代九叠文中绝大多数确有九层横画。\n清代百官印等级区分同样十分严格，印章普遍有所增大。其字体有蒙古文楷书、满文、汉篆等。最常见的是汉满文对照同时出现在印面上，这也是清公印的一大特点。其中汉篆中，九叠文不太兴盛，出现了玉箸篆、悬针篆、柳叶篆、芝英篆等等。",[129,130,23,24,7,53],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F09f77f7d1bfdfd65f3f4161e251336fa.jpg",[],{"id":144,"slug":145,"title":146,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":147,"thumbUrl":148,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":149,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":150},252520,"yu-chi-feng-wen-jian-wei-yi-ming-252520","玉螭凤纹剑璏",[38,23,24,7,25,53,26],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd5ef1012bdd3910cf31f3c6f7a028ea3.jpg",[],"F48FB1",{"id":152,"slug":153,"title":154,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":155,"thumbUrl":157,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":158,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},252516,"yu-tou-diao-shuang-chi-wen-jian-wei-yi-ming-252516","玉透雕双螭纹剑璏",[38,23,156,7,53,54,24],"透雕","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3d06fb99980920263f5f7beb3a1afca1.jpg",[],{"id":160,"slug":161,"title":162,"dynasty":113,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":163,"thumbUrl":166,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":167,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":68},252105,"zi-gang-kuan-bai-yu-chi-wen-hua-niao-tu-chang-fang-pei-yi-ming-252105","子刚款白玉螭纹花鸟图长方佩",[23,42,24,7,164,165],"花鸟","梅","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6e3466014f5f985a816a8302bd21df05.jpg",[],{"id":169,"slug":170,"title":171,"dynasty":73,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":172,"thumbUrl":174,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":175,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},252092,"bai-yu-tu-diao-shuang-chi-xiao-bi-yi-ming-252092","白玉凸雕双螭小璧",[73,23,173,24,42,7,53,54],"凸雕","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fbba2c5c28c9c3701ddd4fe60f0c683f3.jpg",[],{"id":177,"slug":178,"title":179,"dynasty":73,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":180,"thumbUrl":182,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":183,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":58},251278,"zi-qin-huang-yu-chi-shou-dai-gou-yi-ming-251278","紫沁黄玉螭首带钩",[23,24,53,42,7,181,73],"沁色","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8db9ae3eb5c2641be9de162e450e158a.jpg",[],{"id":185,"slug":186,"title":187,"dynasty":113,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":188,"thumbUrl":189,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":190,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":58},251107,"bai-yu-tou-diao-chi-feng-wen-bi-shi-pei-yi-ming-251107","白玉透雕螭凤纹璧式佩",[116,23,42,26,156,24,7,25],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F5aa55e6ce08a131d8fb54fba8800f77e.jpg",[],{"id":192,"slug":193,"title":194,"dynasty":113,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":195,"thumbUrl":196,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":197,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":58},250757,"bai-yu-lou-diao-chi-feng-wen-pei-yi-ming-250757","白玉镂雕螭凤纹佩",[116,23,43,24,7,25,42,26],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa3790a28637720445432cd67d4cb0d4b.jpg",[],{"id":199,"slug":200,"title":201,"dynasty":113,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":202,"thumbUrl":204,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":205,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":68},250754,"bai-yu-lou-diao-chi-huan-pei-yi-ming-250754","白玉镂雕螭环佩",[23,43,7,53,42,203],"明代风格","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6fcfe8d3ac33855199f854d1a824e71c.jpg",[],{"id":207,"slug":208,"title":209,"dynasty":97,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":210,"thumbUrl":212,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":213,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":58},250716,"qing-yu-chi-feng-can-wen-bi-yi-ming-250716","青玉螭凤蚕纹璧",[97,23,24,7,25,211,26],"蚕纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1834fe153c86001f8e71c7329d750287.jpg",[],{"id":215,"slug":216,"title":217,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":218,"thumbUrl":219,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":220,"showCount":134,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},250646,"huang-yu-pan-chi-pei-yi-ming-250646","黄玉蟠螭佩",[41,23,53,7,24,42],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd3a4c23fbaa87137777a06218e2bf512.jpg",[],{"id":222,"slug":223,"title":224,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"muse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