[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":268},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-fen-qing-you":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},4219,"fen-qing-you","粉青釉","粉青釉画高清赏析","精选中国历代粉青釉题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Febbd0c67de1b33b790ac8aa12c9d60c6.jpg",0,25,[14,34,50,62,71,81,92,103,112,125,136,148,157,166,175,184,192,201,210,218,227,236,243,251,260],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":27,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":31,"showCount":32,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},259697,"qian-long-kuan-fen-qing-you-tu-shi-liu-hu-lu-ping-yi-ming-259697","乾隆款粉青釉凸石榴葫芦瓶","清","佚名","藏地不详","中国瓷器著名传统颜色釉。亦称“青瓷釉”。古代南方青釉，是瓷器最早的颜色釉。\n所谓“青釉”，颜色并不是纯粹的青，有：月白、天青、粉青、梅子青、豆青、豆绿、翠青等，但多少总能泛出一点青绿色。同时，古人往往将青、绿、蓝三种颜色，一统称为“青色”，例如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》称：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也、蓝也，皆以青括之。”刘子芬《竹园陶说》中也说：“青色一种，常与蓝色相混。雨过天晴，钧窑、元窑之青，皆近蓝色。”“惟千峰翠色、梅子青、豆青、乃为纯青耳。天色本蓝，有时为青。”\n青釉是我国使用最早，延用时间最久，分布最广的一个釉种，它的发明是与我国瓷土矿大都含有一定量的铁矿的现象相一致的。青色也符合我国人民的传统审美情趣。青色与碧玉相若，认为稳重而高雅。浙江、江西、河南等地已出土了不少早至商周时期的原始青釉瓷。六朝至唐宋以越窑为代表的南方青釉瓷；宋到元明的龙泉窑系青瓷；耀州窑、临汝窑、钧窑等宋代北方青瓷；以及明、清以来的景德镇青釉瓷，是青釉发展的几个重要阶段，所谓的宋代“汝、定、官、哥、钧”五大名窑，除定窑外均属青釉瓷。表釉的呈色主要决定于着色氧化物的含铁量与烧成气氛，青釉含铁量一般在1—3%左右，过高会变成黑釉，低了就能烧成白瓷。在还原气氛中烧成。釉色青绿；在氧化气氛中烧成，釉色泛黄。因而陶瓷界所谓的青釉是相对而言的，正如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中所说：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也，蓝也，皆以青括之。”",[23,24,7,25,26],"陶瓷","葫芦瓶","石榴纹","凸饰","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fdc8b9714f6b354c7020464abfa68bb53.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],3,"37474F",{"id":35,"slug":36,"title":37,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":40,"thumbUrl":46,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":47,"collections":48,"showCount":49,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},256275,"guan-yao-fen-qing-you-ke-yu-ti-shi-wen-kui-kou-pan-yi-ming-256275","官窑粉青釉刻御题诗文葵口盘","宋","官窑，是南宋宋高宗时期一些窑口专为宫廷烧制的瓷器，供御捡退，在当时俗称"官窑“。官窑，毛公洞第一（今 江苏扬州一带）。南宋官窑瓷器沿袭北宋风格，规整对称，宫廷气势，高雅大气，一丝不苟。因为胎土含铁量极高，手感沉重，胎土呈深黑褐色，后称”紫口铁足“。釉面沉重幽亮，釉厚如堆脂，温润如玉。釉面多层反复细刮，釉光下沉而不刺眼，纹理布局规则有致，造型庄重大方。另外”肉腐留骨“（露胎处像死人骨头，俗称”骨董“）也是那时所造。我们今天所称官窑泛指历朝官府烧造瓷器，其实，历史上仅指南宋时期烧造的瓷器，后世再无此称呼。\n官窑起自唐，有两种涵义，一是指贡器，一是指官厂。自唐代至元代（公元八世纪~十四世纪），官窑多有贡器，少有官厂，采取的形式是“官监民烧”，烧出的瓷器，“千中选十，百中选一”，进贡给统治阶级。这种瓷器就叫做贡瓷和官窑。那时，唐代在产瓷区设有司务，如唐景隆初（公元707~709年）褚绥为新平(景德镇)司务，奉诏监烧献陵祭器。宋代设监，如太平兴国年间(公元976~983年)，派殿前承旨赵仁济监理越州窑务。到了元代则设局，以提领监陶，后改为本设总管。他们烧出的“景德年制”，“枢府’等款式的瓷器，分别称为“景德窑’，“枢府窑”等。\n官窑之谓，在中国古代陶瓷史上有不同的内涵。就广义而言，是有别民窑而专为官办的瓷窑，其产品为宫廷所垄断。在宋代瓷器中，官窑即是一种专称，指北宋和南宋时在京城汴京（汴梁，今开封）和临安（今杭州）由宫廷设窑烧造的青瓷，故又有“旧官”和“新官”之分，前者为北宋官窑，后者为南宋官窑。\n官窑是在宋大观及政和年间于汴梁所造，青瓷釉色晶莹惕透，有开裂或呈冰片状，粉青紫口铁定是其特色。\n宋室南移在凤凰山下设立官窑，又称修内司官窑或内窑，郊坛下设立的郊坛下官窑，器形较多，有直径大过一尺的大型产品。\n从1128年元世祖忽必烈设置“浮梁磁局”，到二十世纪清朝覆亡，景德镇是元、明、清三代皇家瓷厂所在地，中国的官窑制度在这里延续了632年，江西景德镇也由此拥有烧造时间最长、规模最大、工艺最精巧的官办瓷厂。景德镇地下也因此存有大量因禁绝流入民间而被就地掩埋的古碎瓷，成为中国品类最完整、年代最可靠、信息最丰富的官窑遗址和“地下瓷都”。北宋官窑也称汴京官窑。相传北宋大观、政和年间，在汴京附近设立窑场，专烧宫廷用瓷器，即北宋官窑。南宋顾文荐《负暄杂录》记载："宋宣政间（宣和、政和即公元1111－1125年）京师自置窑烧造，名曰官窑"，南宋叶在其《垣斋笔衡》中对北京官窑亦有记载："政和京师自置窑烧造，名曰官窑"。当时的京师即汴京（今开封），因宋代汴京遗址已沉入地底，到今为止，尚未发掘出北宋官窑遗址，对于北宋官窑遗址缺乏考古发掘地资料和充足的文献资料的支撑，因此，时到今，关于北宋官窑遗址在何处，仍有不同说法，一般有三种说法：一说北宋官窑即为汝窑；二说否认北宋官窑的存在；三说为北宋官窑即为汴京官窑，它与南宋时的修内司官窑先后存在。\n南宋顾文荐《负睻杂录》记载：“宋宣政间（宣和、政和即公元1111~1125年）京师自置窑烧造，名曰‘官窑’”，南宋叶寘在其《垣斋笔衡》中对北京官窑亦有记载：“政和京师自置窑烧造，名曰‘官窑’”。明代《事物绀珠》、《留留青》因袭此说。当时的京师即汴京(今河南开封)，因宋代汴京遗址已沉入地下，到今为止，尚未发掘出北宋官窑遗址。对于北宋官窑遗址缺乏考古发掘地资料和充足的文献资料的支撑，因此，今关于北宋官窑遗址在何处，仍有不同说法，一般有三种说法：一说北宋官窑即为汝窑；二说否认北宋官窑的存在；三说为北宋官窑即为汴京官窑，它与南宋时的修内司官窑先后存在。支持第三种说法的人较多。\n北宋官窑传世品很少，形质与工艺与汝窑有共同处。器多仿古，主要有碗、瓶、洗等。胎体显厚，胎骨深灰、紫色或黑色，釉色有淡青、粉青、月白等，釉质莹润温雅，尤以釉面开大裂纹片著称，不同于南宋官窑和汝窑及龙泉窑瓷器。底有文钉烧痕，有“紫口铁足”的特征。",[41,23,42,7,43,44,45],"宋代","官窑","刻","葵口","诗文","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F94e5efece0aa977c487f89776564cc88.jpg","瓷器精选",[47],2,{"id":51,"slug":52,"title":53,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":54,"thumbUrl":59,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":47,"collections":60,"showCount":49,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":61},256274,"guan-yao-fen-qing-you-kui-kou-pan-yi-ming-256274","官窑粉青釉葵口盘",[41,23,55,42,7,56,44,57,58],"器","青瓷","冰裂纹","开片","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fde0868c99a14c386cb10d6cadee3e228.jpg",[47],"BDBDBD",{"id":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":66,"thumbUrl":69,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":47,"collections":70,"showCount":49,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":61},256231,"guan-yao-fen-qing-you-kui-ban-kou-pan-yi-ming-256231","官窑粉青釉葵瓣口盘",[23,38,7,67,58,56,68],"葵瓣口","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3da9442f0dfca942682effb8d0dda7ba.jpg",[47],{"id":72,"slug":73,"title":37,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":74,"thumbUrl":78,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":47,"collections":79,"showCount":80,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":61},256273,"guan-yao-fen-qing-you-ke-yu-ti-shi-wen-kui-kou-pan-yi-ming-256273",[23,42,7,75,44,58,41,56,76,57,77],"刻诗文","御题诗文","盘器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6fd13392333db4bf7423708114795d53.jpg",[47],1,{"id":82,"slug":83,"title":84,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":85,"thumbUrl":89,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":90,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":91},262300,"xuan-de-kuan-fen-qing-you-ke-hua-wen-xiao-guan-yi-ming-262300","宣德款粉青釉刻花纹小罐",[23,86,7,87,88],"刻花","小罐","花卉纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc6114808e71510ccaf3c87c4b0a65ff0.jpg",[],"795548",{"id":93,"slug":94,"title":95,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":96,"tags":97,"thumbUrl":101,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":102,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":91},261969,"yong-zheng-kuan-fen-qing-you-chang-fang-wei-jiao-shuang-xi-gai-guan-yi-ming-261969","雍正款粉青釉长方委角双系盖罐","雍正一朝虽然只有13年，但他的制瓷业成就却达到了清代官窑的历史高峰，其品种之多，制作工艺之精良，都是其他朝代无法比拟的。",[23,7,98,99,100,55],"盖罐","双系","日用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6653f1389301493b49a16fc5de60fc3f.jpg",[],{"id":104,"slug":105,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":107,"thumbUrl":110,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":111,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":91},261381,"yu-tang-jia-qi-kuan-fen-qing-you-an-hua-san-guo-wen-wan-yi-ming-261381","玉堂佳器款粉青釉暗花三果纹碗",[23,100,55,7,108,109],"暗花","三果纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6105827d3c8f3ec5713f7b748627ea82.jpg",[],{"id":113,"slug":114,"title":115,"dynasty":116,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":117,"tags":118,"thumbUrl":123,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":47,"collections":124,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},260487,"long-quan-yao-fen-qing-you-yin-hua-wo-zu-xi-yi-ming-260487","龙泉窑粉青釉印花卧足洗","元","龙泉窑是中国历史上的一个名窑，宋代六大窑系。汉族传统制瓷工艺的珍品。因其主要产区在浙江省龙泉市而得名。它开创于三国两晋，结束于清代，生产瓷器的历史长达1600多年，是中国制瓷历史上最长的一个瓷窑系，它的产品畅销于亚洲、非洲、欧洲的许多国家和地区，影响十分深远。龙泉窑以烧制青瓷而闻名，在北宋早期以前的产品风格受越窑、瓯窑、婺州窑的影响，特征与三窑的产品相似。胎质较粗，胎体较厚，釉色淡青，釉层稍簿。\n1998年3月，宋代的龙泉窑青釉莲瓣纹瓶从英国追回。\n龙泉窑因在今浙江龙泉县，故名，属我国南方青瓷系统。创造于北宋早期，南宋中晚期进入鼎盛时期，至明代中叶以后渐趋衰落，传世的龙泉青瓷下限至清康熙年间，烧造历史达七、八百年之久。北宋时期的龙泉青瓷，胎骨较厚，胎土淡灰，底足露胎处见赭褐色窑红，胎微出烧，釉的玻化程度好，釉层透明，釉表光泽很强。装饰花纹较简练，常见纹样有鱼纹、蕉叶、金枝、荷花等。装饰风格趋于奔放。处于南宋鼎盛时期的龙泉青瓷，形成了自已独有的艺术风格，显示了独特的魅力。\n南宋龙泉青瓷的造型亦形成自已的风格，稳重大方，浑厚淳朴而又不失秀媚，器型丰富多样，装饰普遍采用刻花和堆塑法，颇具艺术匠心。\n元代龙泉青瓷烧造量大，风格与南宋迥异：器型高大、胎体厚重；胎色为白中带灰或淡黄；釉色为粉青带黄绿，光泽较强，釉层半透明；装饰手法多种多样，有刻、划、印、贴、塑等，以划花为主，花纹粗略，线条奔放，纹饰以云龙、飞凰、双鱼、八仙、八卦、牡丹、荷叶等为多见。此外，还大量出现汉文和八思巴文字款铭。\n明代龙泉青瓷走向衰弱，器物胎体厚重，制作粗糙，胎色为灰黄，釉层厚，透明度高，釉表光泽强，釉色有青灰、茶叶末、灰黄等几种，装饰以釉下刻花为主，亦有模印人物故事的装饰方法。\n宋代龙泉青瓷是青瓷工艺的历史高峰。其青瓷的釉色与质地之美，亦如巧夺天工的人造美玉，全世人为之倾倒。\n那么，在漫长的历史长河中，龙泉窑又经历了怎样的发展轨迹呢?朱伯谦先生在《龙泉窑青瓷》一书中曾将龙泉窑的发展归纳为开创、发展、鼎盛和衰落四个阶段：魏晋和五代十国是开创时期，瓷窑少，生产时断时续，处于就地销售断断续续的生产阶段；北宋至南宋前期是发展期，瓷窑发展快，逐渐形成一个较大的瓷窑体系；南宋后期至元代是鼎盛期，瓷窑迅速发展，青瓷质量大大提高，产品畅销国内外广大市场；明清是衰落期，尤其是明代中期以后龙泉窑处境艰难，瓷窑不断地倒闭减少，至清代晚期结束。如果说这四个阶段勾勒出了龙泉窑发展历史的整个脉络，那么，龙泉窑发展史上的三次辉煌期则是连贯发展脉络的重点和要点。",[23,119,7,120,121,122],"龙泉窑","印花","卧足洗","开片纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F4e51a5aa09f510c225c1ba45329c20c1.jpg",[47],{"id":126,"slug":127,"title":128,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":129,"thumbUrl":134,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":135,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":61},258604,"fen-qing-you-bao-fu-shi-ping-yi-ming-258604","粉青釉包袱式瓶",[23,130,7,131,132,133,68],"清代","包袱造型","堆塑","颜色釉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F4a1f3a483bcd56df149f2e44b4dbdfa8.jpg",[],{"id":137,"slug":138,"title":139,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":96,"tags":140,"thumbUrl":146,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":147,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":91},258152,"yong-zheng-kuan-fen-qing-you-ju-ban-pan-yi-ming-258152","雍正款粉青釉菊瓣盘",[130,23,7,141,142,143,144,145],"菊瓣纹","单色釉","釉色装饰","盘形器物","装饰纹样","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0b746f79034be859a7e9b761ded46af5.jpg",[],{"id":149,"slug":150,"title":151,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":96,"tags":152,"thumbUrl":155,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":156,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":91},258149,"yong-zheng-kuan-fen-qing-you-ru-yi-er-hu-lu-ping-yi-ming-258149","雍正款粉青釉如意耳葫芦瓶",[130,23,7,153,154],"如意耳","葫芦形","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd6645a7692373dced3ecbaccac04cb9e.jpg",[],{"id":158,"slug":159,"title":160,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":96,"tags":161,"thumbUrl":164,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":165,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},258148,"yong-zheng-kuan-fen-qing-you-yin-hua-kui-feng-wen-wei-jiao-ba-fang-ping-yi-ming-258148","雍正款粉青釉印花夔凤纹委角八方瓶",[18,23,7,120,162,55,163],"夔凤纹","委角八方","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa091c65267e08ca334e30b648a5cabb7.jpg",[],{"id":167,"slug":168,"title":169,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":96,"tags":170,"thumbUrl":173,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":174,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},258143,"yong-zheng-kuan-fen-qing-you-yin-chan-zhi-lian-wen-san-kong-xiang-cha-yi-ming-258143","雍正款粉青釉印缠枝莲纹三孔香插",[23,7,120,171,172,130],"缠枝莲纹","香插","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd522e0dabbb5ad9b0b03177070500509.jpg",[],{"id":176,"slug":177,"title":178,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":96,"tags":179,"thumbUrl":182,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":183,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":91},256903,"yong-zheng-kuan-fen-qing-you-tu-hua-jiao-ye-wen-gu-yi-ming-256903","雍正款粉青釉凸花蕉叶纹觚",[23,7,180,181,55],"凸花","蕉叶纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F912e6f5f6956f70eff3d7d89f4f66016.jpg",[],{"id":185,"slug":186,"title":187,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":188,"thumbUrl":190,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":191,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},256797,"fen-qing-you-tu-hua-ru-yi-er-suan-tou-ping-yi-ming-256797","粉青釉凸花如意耳蒜头瓶",[23,7,180,189,153,55],"雕刻","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F66aa68ade073abec978bdb594091894f.jpg",[],{"id":193,"slug":194,"title":195,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":196,"thumbUrl":199,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":200,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":61},256690,"fen-qing-you-tu-yun-long-wen-bo-gang-yi-ming-256690","粉青釉凸云龙纹钵缸",[130,23,7,189,197,198],"龙","云","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd072c6c8414209e02047c63fb15c1a9a.jpg",[],{"id":202,"slug":203,"title":204,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":205,"thumbUrl":208,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":209,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},256675,"qian-long-kuan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