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2019年8月31日，由敦煌研究院等单位联合摄制的大型纪录片《莫高窟与吴哥窟的对话》在敦煌国际会展中心首映。纪录片以亚洲文明对话为题材，向人们展现了不同文明之间命运相通、文化相通、艺术相通的奇妙关联。\n2020年2月，为致敬奋斗在抗疫一线的医务工作者，景区在恢复运营后，对全国所有医护人员实行免费开放，直至2020年底。5月10日，莫高窟恢复开放。\n莫高窟始建于前秦宣昭帝苻坚时期，据唐朝《李克让重修莫高窟佛龛碑》一书的记载，前秦建元二年（366年），僧人乐尊路经此山，忽见金光闪耀，如现万佛，于是便在岩壁上开凿了第一个洞窟。此后法良禅师等又继续在此建洞修禅，称为“漠高窟”，意为“沙漠的高处”。后世因“漠”与“莫”通用，便改称为“莫高窟”。另有一说为：佛家有言，修建佛洞功德无量，莫者，不可能、没有也，莫高窟的意思，就是说没有比修建佛窟更高的修为了。\n北魏、西魏和北周时，统治者崇信佛教，石窟建造得到王公贵族们的支持，发展较快。\n隋唐时期，随着丝绸之路的繁荣，莫高窟更是兴盛，在武则天时有洞窟千余个。安史之乱后，敦煌先后由吐蕃和归义军占领，但造像活动未受太大影响。北宋、西夏和元代，莫高窟渐趋衰落，仅以重修前朝窟室为主，新建极少。\n元代以后敦煌停止开窟，逐渐冷落荒废。明嘉靖七年（1528年）封闭嘉峪关，使敦煌成为边塞游牧之地。清康熙五十七年（1718）平定新疆，雍正元年（1723）在敦煌设沙州所，三年（1725）改沙州卫，并从甘肃各州移民敦煌屯田，重修沙州城。乾隆二十五年（1760）改沙州卫为敦煌县，敦煌经济开始恢复。莫高窟开始被人们注意。\n清光绪二十六年（1900）发现了震惊世界的藏经洞。不幸的是，在晚清政府腐败无能、西方列强侵略中国的特定历史背景下，藏经洞文物发现后不久，英人斯坦因、法人伯希和、日人橘瑞超、俄人鄂登堡等西方探险家接踵而至敦煌，以不公正的手段，从王道士手中骗取大量藏经洞文物，致使藏经洞文物惨遭劫掠，绝大部分不幸流散，分藏于英、法、俄、日等国的众多公私收藏机构，仅有少部分保存于国内，造成中国文化史上的空前浩劫。",[23,24,20,25,26,7,27],"壁画","佛教","佛窟","彩塑","石窟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F829ca63ceee20b8aa27e0768563d6271.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],164,1,"F48FB1",{"id":37,"slug":38,"title":39,"dynasty":40,"author":19,"museum":41,"description":42,"tags":43,"thumbUrl":10,"material":52,"size":31,"collection":53,"collections":54,"showCount":55,"zanCount":34,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":56},219235,"yao-shi-ru-lai-ji-shi-er-shen-jiang-tu-yi-ming-219235","药师如来及十二神将图","元","美国克利夫兰艺术博物馆","中央药师如来法相庄严，结跏趺坐于层叠莲座之上，手印沉静，身周光环如晕，暖意暗涌。十二神将环伺左右，或持法器怒目，或执兵戈肃立，衣袂间纹饰流转，铠甲暗映微光。构图层次分明，从莲座之稳到神将之动，动静相生；色彩沉郁中见华彩，金箔隐现于深褐与朱红之间，似藏千年香火余温。整幅画作既显佛法的慈悲肃穆，又含护法神将的威严张力，每一处线条与色彩的交织，皆暗喻着护持众生的愿力与力量，仿佛能听见古刹钟声里，护法者的坚定心跳。",[44,45,46,47,48,49,50,7,51],"高清","国画","宗教","人物","工笔","设色","立轴","神将","绢本,设色","人物画精选",[53],83,"37474F",{"id":58,"slug":59,"title":60,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":61,"thumbUrl":70,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":71,"showCount":72,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":73},226204,"ku-yong-dao-bei-pi-yi-ming-226204","窟甬道北披",[62,23,49,63,7,64,65,66,67,68,69],"唐代","线描","莲花座","衣饰纹样","装饰图案","坐姿造像","佛造像","色彩装饰","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F70e185d02dab18e576766ae9beadb0ce.jpg",[],47,"BDBDBD",{"id":75,"slug":76,"title":77,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":80,"tags":81,"thumbUrl":90,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":91,"showCount":92,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":73},263661,"dui-ling-zun-sheng-fu-mu-xiang-tang-ka-yi-ming-263661","堆绫尊胜佛母像唐卡","清","藏地不详","唐卡（Thang-ga）也叫唐嘎，唐喀，系藏文音译，指用彩缎装裱后悬挂供奉的宗教卷轴画。唐卡是藏族文化中一种独具特色的绘画艺术形式，题材内容涉及藏族的历史、政治、文化和社会生活等诸多领域，传世唐卡大都是藏传佛教和本教作品。\n唐卡是藏族文化中一种独具特色的绘画艺术形式。具有鲜明的民族特点、浓郁的宗教色彩和独特的艺术风格，用明亮的色彩描绘出神圣的佛的世界；颜料传统上是全部采用金、银、珍珠、玛瑙、珊瑚、松石、孔雀石、朱砂等珍贵的矿物宝石和藏红花、大黄、蓝靛等植物为颜料以示其神圣。这些天然原料保证了所绘制的唐卡色泽鲜艳，璀璨夺目，虽经几百年的岁月，仍是色泽艳丽明亮。因此被誉为中国民族绘画艺术的珍品，被称为藏族的”百科全书”也是中华民族民间艺术中弥足珍贵的非物质文化遗产。\n传统唐卡的绘制要求严苛、程序极为复杂，必须按照经书中的仪轨及上师的要求进行，包括绘前仪式、制作画布、构图起稿、着色染色、勾线定型、铺金描银、开眼、缝裱开光等一整套工艺程序。制作一幅唐卡用时较长，短则半年完成，长则需要十余年。",[82,83,46,84,7,49,85,86,87,88,89],"唐卡","堆绫","尊胜佛母","祥云","日月","莲花","水波","人物画","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1c5e6011c253c2727eee6da61ae3a995.jpg",[],42,{"id":94,"slug":95,"title":96,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":80,"tags":97,"thumbUrl":101,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":102,"showCount":103,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":73},234432,"wen-shu-pu-sa-yuan-liu-tang-ka-zhi-yi-yi-ming-234432","文殊菩萨源流唐卡（之一）",[82,46,98,49,89,7,99,100,85],"藏传佛教","文殊菩萨","楼阁","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F65b45f7044590ccff39d70666044e9ab.jpg",[],34,{"id":105,"slug":106,"title":107,"dynasty":108,"author":109,"museum":79,"description":110,"tags":111,"thumbUrl":121,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":122,"showCount":123,"zanCount":34,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":73},287637,"lin-guan-xiu-bai-miao-luo-han-tu-juan-nian-ban-chou-ying-287637","临贯休白描罗汉图卷(年版)","明","仇英","仇英（约1498年—约1552年）， 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时人把他与周臣、唐寅誉称为院派三大家；后人又把他与沈周、文徵明、唐寅并称为“明四家”。",[44,45,112,113,114,46,115,7,116,117,118,119,120],"长卷","白描","水墨","罗汉","临摹","虎","山石","书法","印章","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F96f0756cfbb86969cca76cc0ca73962d.jpg",[],26,{"id":125,"slug":126,"title":127,"dynasty":128,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":129,"tags":130,"thumbUrl":136,"material":31,"size":31,"collection":31,"collections":137,"showCount":138,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},227365,"yu-lin-ku-003-ku-zhu-shi-bei-bi-yi-ming-227365","榆林窟003窟主室北壁","宋","第三窟建于西夏统治瓜州晚期。窟内纷呈汉、藏民族及显宗、密宗的内容和艺术，是这一时期艺术最成熟、最典型的洞窟，独具特色。窟呈长方形，穹窿顶。窟中央偏后设八角形三级曼荼罗（坛城），上存清塑数身。窟四壁下部清代环砌双层台基，上存清塑十八罗汉像。顶绘曼荼罗，中画五方佛，东壁中央绘佛传，南北侧分绘汉密五十一面千手千眼观音曼荼罗、胎藏界曼荼罗及显宗天请问经变。南壁东起画曼荼罗、观无量寿经变、曼荼罗各一铺。北壁东起画曼荼罗、净土变、曼荼罗各一铺。西壁门上方绘维摩变，门南北侧绘普贤变、文殊变。甬道南北壁绘供养人。",[44,23,46,49,63,131,7,132,133,134,135],"平涂","曼荼罗图案","宋代风格","敦煌壁画风格","建筑元素","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc88fe92d3e5fe184af3166998095e4d2.jpg",[],14,"795548",{"id":141,"slug":142,"title":143,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":80,"tags":144,"thumbUrl":150,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":151,"showCount":152,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},234461,"ha-li-ha-li-luo-shi-zi-zai-guan-shi-yin-pu-sa-tang-ka-yi-ming-234461","哈里哈里罗世自在观世音菩萨唐卡",[82,46,24,98,145,7,49,146,147,148,85,149],"观世音菩萨","彩绘","矿物颜料","神兽","山水","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd214886f4dd3333450cfb9c3af23c559.jpg",[],11,{"id":154,"slug":155,"title":156,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":157,"thumbUrl":159,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":160,"showCount":152,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},226442,"ku-zhu-shi-nan-bi-yi-ming-226442","窟主室南壁",[23,20,46,7,47,158],"市井场景","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F15733880288221d8109cd0d488d7bbaa.jpg",[],{"id":162,"slug":163,"title":164,"dynasty":78,"author":165,"museum":79,"description":166,"tags":167,"thumbUrl":175,"material":176,"size":31,"collection":31,"collections":177,"showCount":178,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":73},217200,"fa-jie-yuan-liu-tu-juan-1-li-ming-217200","法界源流图卷-1","黎明","法界源流图卷是清朝时期的一部著名的佛教经典，由清朝时期的著名佛教学者黎明编写。这部经典记录了佛教从其诞生以来，到清朝时期的发展史。\n\n法界源流图卷描述了佛教从其诞生的印度，到传播到中国、日本、朝鲜等国家的过程。它还记录了佛教在不同国家和地区发展的特点，以及佛教对当地文化和宗教的影响。\n\n此外，法界源流图卷还对佛教历史上的著名佛教徒、佛教寺庙和佛教经典进行了介绍，为读者提\n供了全面的佛教史信息。\n\n黎明是清朝时期的著名佛教学者，他编写的法界源流图卷被认为是清朝时期佛教史的权威著作，对于了解佛教历史和文化具有重要的参考价值。",[44,112,45,49,48,168,24,169,170,171,47,7,172,119,173,100,174],"宗教画","佛","菩萨","金刚","佛教故事","写经","树木","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F85a68d5c4a3387d7a8d906f1e0ce2da8.jpg","纸本,设色",[],5,{"id":180,"slug":181,"title":182,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":183,"thumbUrl":187,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":188,"showCount":189,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},226256,"ku-zhu-shi-bei-pi-yi-ming-226256","窟主室北披",[23,46,49,47,62,7,184,146,185,186],"排列式构图","洞窟壁画","唐代艺术","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6a60da69bce69946506853eccdb35952.jpg",[],3,{"id":191,"slug":192,"title":193,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":194,"thumbUrl":196,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":197,"showCount":189,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},226239,"ku-zhu-shi-nan-pi-yi-ming-226239","窟主室南披",[23,46,49,47,195,7,146,185],"唐代风格","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0d50136dfc41c86327f08007580cd2f7.jpg",[],{"id":199,"slug":200,"title":201,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":202,"tags":203,"thumbUrl":208,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":209,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},274852,"yin-tai-qian-fa-lang-gong-yang-yi-ming-274852","银胎嵌珐琅供养","珐琅嵌片之上，白肤财神身姿灵动舒展，朱红纹饰缠裹躯体，明丽色彩衬于天蓝色地釉之上，神形鲜活饱满，尽显藏地护法的威仪神采。\n\n银质底座以莲台承托主件，下层錾刻缠枝卷草与瑞兽纹，线条辗转细腻，冷冽银料晕染出古朴厚重质感，与珐琅的鲜亮柔媚形成绝妙对照。藏地信仰的庄严内核，融于花丝珐琅与银作工艺之中，让宗教造像兼具神性肃穆与工艺巧思，静立间晕开旧时光里的信仰温度。",[204,205,46,7,206,87,207],"银器","珐琅器","雕刻","供器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F47dfd977837b1829d32ec07f3692bf63.jpg",[],{"id":211,"slug":212,"title":213,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":214,"tags":215,"thumbUrl":219,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":220,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":56},275059,"tong-qi-zhen-nan-bao-yi-ming-275059","铜七珍-男宝","这件造像以鎏金铜为骨，缠枝宝相花环绕镜心，勾勒出曼妙轮廓。镜心之内，男宝法像结跏趺坐，多臂分持法器，合金质地暗沉肃穆，与外围明丽鎏金形成鲜明冷暖对照。\n\n器身纹饰繁丽规整，宝相花层叠舒展，莲瓣底座端庄厚重，金水饱满莹润。将藏传佛教的神性庄严，与清代造作的极致工巧相融，既是庄重的供奉法器，也是极具审美价值的工艺精品，尽显清式宗教造像的典雅精致。",[216,217,206,46,24,218,7],"铜制","金器","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffb0615eebef169d0d6f5d085b99fa431.jpg",[],{"id":222,"slug":223,"title":201,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":224,"tags":225,"thumbUrl":229,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":230,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},274861,"yin-tai-qian-fa-lang-gong-yang-yi-ming-274861","这一件供养器物融两种材质之美，珐琅面板上的空行母身姿翩跹，朱砂色衣袂随风舒展，宝冠璎珞细节毕现，釉面莹润亮泽，与银胎的冷冽金属感相映成趣。\n\n银质台座层层递进，莲台承托造像，束腰处卷草缠枝婉转连绵，底足浮雕云纹层叠，线条细腻柔婉。藏地的宗教审美与珐琅工艺、錾刻银工相融，把神圣的供养意涵凝于寸方之间，重工精丽又不失灵动宗教气韵，尽显手工匠人的精湛造诣。",[226,204,207,46,7,227,228],"琺瑯器","荷","镶嵌工艺","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ff58a46d3eccf4a89d56206c161a19dbc.jpg",[],{"id":232,"slug":233,"title":234,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":235,"tags":236,"thumbUrl":240,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":241,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":139},269435,"tian-ran-hua-mu-diao-da-mo-yi-ming-269435","天然桦木雕达摩","木雕是雕塑的一种，在我们国家常常被称为“民间工艺”。木雕可以分为立体圆雕、根雕、浮雕三大类。木雕是从木工中分离出来的一个工种，在我们国家的工种分类中为“精细木工”。\n以雕刻材料分类的民间美术品种。一般选用质地细密坚韧，不易变形的树种如楠木、紫檀、樟木、柏木、银杏、沉香、红木、龙眼等。\n木雕是以各种木材及树根为材料进行雕刻，是以传统雕刻工艺中的重要门类。木雕的历史非常悠久，在浙江余姚河姆渡文化遗址就有木雕鱼出土，这是我国木雕史上最早的实物。河南信阳战国大墓出土的木雕镇木兽，湖北云梦汉墓出土的彩雕木佣均为我国早期木雕作品。由于保存的困难，现今很难看到超过千年的木雕作品。\n两宋时期木雕作品较为多见，这时的木雕已采用组织细密的木材为载体进行制作，这就有利于木雕作品的传世。我国的一些庙宇里还保存有宋代的木雕作品。\n元明时由于海外贸易的急速发展，木材种类有所增加，许多由海外进口的硬质木材，是木雕工艺得到长足发展。\n明清期间是木雕艺术的一个辉煌时期，涌现出大量有史可考的名家、艺人及其作品，是古代木雕艺术的一个高峰。\n清末至民国年间由于政府的腐败，国力的衰退，外强的侵略，民不潦生，木雕艺术从此衰落，艺人名家也只能沦为匠人糊口度日。新中国成立后在党和国家的关怀下，民间工艺得到了保护及挖掘，木雕也重新涣发出生命，涌现出一批国家级大师。他们的作品，工艺精湛，秉承传统，立意深远，讴歌时代，体现了大师们立足传统，锐意创新，直抒重获新生的胸怀和报效国家，知遇之恩的深情。\n国家改革开放，经济腾飞，国富民强，党和国家对民间工艺的大力扶持，唤起了民众对传统工艺美术的热爱与追求。逢此盛世，民间工艺美术有了新的飞跃，木雕艺术也不例外。面对实际情况，在全国工艺品展出中，优秀作品的作者年龄偏大，年轻作者寥寥无几。",[237,206,238,239,46,7],"木质","木刻","达摩","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2f623e0e6256881f03427905920f23ac.jpg",[],{"id":243,"slug":244,"title":245,"dynasty":78,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":246,"tags":247,"thumbUrl":251,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":252,"collections":253,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":56},260176,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-da-mo-xiang-yi-ming-260176","德化窑白釉达摩像","德化窑位于今福建德化，故名。作为著名的瓷窑，是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n德化瓷器是中华陶瓷烧造中的艺术珍品，始于宋代，明代后得到巨大发展。以白瓷塑佛像闻名。其制作细腻，雕刻精美，造型生动，体现了古代劳动人民的卓越才能和艺术创造力。\n在今福建德化，故名。是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n碗坪仑烧瓷较屈斗宫古窑址早，烧青白瓷，有的接近白釉，刻花蓖划纹装饰较多，盒子遗留甚丰，盖面所印阳纹装饰达一百余种，题材之丰富在南方地区首屈一指，南宋时有专门制作盒子的作坊，盒盖上阳文印花装饰题材丰富，有动物、花卉等近百种图案。划花间篦划纹亦较多，饰在碗、盘、瓶等器物上。\n屈斗宫元代办烧青白瓷，从南宋至元代。明代盛烧白瓷观音、达摩等塑像，胎釉浑然一体，如同白玉，被赞为"象牙白"、"奶白"或 "天鹅绒白。清代除烧白瓷外，盛烧青花与彩绘瓷器。元代以来，德化窑瓷器输出海外，菲律宾、马来西亚出土有元代德化窑青白瓷，泰国及东非坦桑尼亚等国家也出土有清代德化窑青花瓷器。\n这种瓷器的制作工艺程序如下：他们从地下挖取一种泥土，将它垒成一个大堆，任凭风吹、雨打、日晒，从不翻动，历时三、四十年。泥土经过这种处理，质地变得更加纯化精炼，适合制造上述各种器皿，然后抹上认为颜色合宜的釉，再将瓷器放入窑内或炉里烧制而成。因此，人们挖泥堆土，目的是替自已的儿孙贮备制造瓷器的材料而已，大量的瓷器是在城中出售， 一个威尼斯银币能买到八个瓷杯“。马可波罗的介绍，引起了西方人的强烈兴趣。",[248,206,7,239,249,250],"陶瓷","白釉","瓷塑","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fbadf397d6f960b52e5cf6adcceb3357d.jpg","瓷器精选",[252],{"id":255,"slug":256,"title":257,"dynasty":258,"author":19,"museum":79,"description":259,"tags":260,"thumbUrl":267,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":268,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":56},230538,"da-tang-xi-yu-ji-12-juan-tang-xuan-zang-zhu-di-liu-juan-yi-ming-230538","大唐西域记.12卷.唐.玄奘著（第六卷）","不详","绀纸为底，泥金为彩，右侧佛说法变相线条细劲圆融，主尊安坐莲台，胁侍弟子、菩萨环绕左右，祥云宝树掩映出清净法界，金辉在靛蓝底色晕开肃穆华贵。\n\n左页泥金小楷端雅秀润，笔致匀净舒展，字字饱含虔敬心力。写经与变相相融一体，将信仰诉诸笔墨刀笔之间，工细精湛的绘写，让靛蓝与赤金交织出沉静庄严的氛围感，尽显中古写绘的典雅质感，是佛教典籍与工美艺术合璧的佳构。",[46,47,48,261,173,262,263,264,7,265,266],"楷书","典籍","泥金","金彩","经文","册页","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F16d018403fa56e39f93e2fd0bded8e97.jpg",[],1777535721892]