[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-guan-yu":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},2148,"guan-yu","关羽","关羽画高清赏析","精选中国历代关羽题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2758be6e6303e6f15f70838363d91fdb.jpg",0,4,[14,37,49,58],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":30,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":34,"showCount":35,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":36},255702,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-ci-guan-yu-zuo-xiang-yi-ming-255702","德化窑白釉瓷关羽坐像","清","佚名","藏地不详","德化窑位于今福建德化，故名。作为著名的瓷窑，是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n德化瓷器是中华陶瓷烧造中的艺术珍品，始于宋代，明代后得到巨大发展。以白瓷塑佛像闻名。其制作细腻，雕刻精美，造型生动，体现了古代劳动人民的卓越才能和艺术创造力。\n在今福建德化，故名。是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n碗坪仑烧瓷较屈斗宫古窑址早，烧青白瓷，有的接近白釉，刻花蓖划纹装饰较多，盒子遗留甚丰，盖面所印阳纹装饰达一百余种，题材之丰富在南方地区首屈一指，南宋时有专门制作盒子的作坊，盒盖上阳文印花装饰题材丰富，有动物、花卉等近百种图案。划花间篦划纹亦较多，饰在碗、盘、瓶等器物上。\n屈斗宫元代办烧青白瓷，从南宋至元代。明代盛烧白瓷观音、达摩等塑像，胎釉浑然一体，如同白玉，被赞为"象牙白"、"奶白"或 "天鹅绒白。清代除烧白瓷外，盛烧青花与彩绘瓷器。元代以来，德化窑瓷器输出海外，菲律宾、马来西亚出土有元代德化窑青白瓷，泰国及东非坦桑尼亚等国家也出土有清代德化窑青花瓷器。\n这种瓷器的制作工艺程序如下：他们从地下挖取一种泥土，将它垒成一个大堆，任凭风吹、雨打、日晒，从不翻动，历时三、四十年。泥土经过这种处理，质地变得更加纯化精炼，适合制造上述各种器皿，然后抹上认为颜色合宜的釉，再将瓷器放入窑内或炉里烧制而成。因此，人们挖泥堆土，目的是替自已的儿孙贮备制造瓷器的材料而已，大量的瓷器是在城中出售， 一个威尼斯银币能买到八个瓷杯“。马可波罗的介绍，引起了西方人的强烈兴趣。",[18,23,24,25,26,27,7,28,29],"陶瓷","德化窑","白釉","人物","坐像","宗教","雕刻","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faeed6545c11d4adf56c4ce1576d5a8a3.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","瓷器精选",[33],7,"37474F",{"id":38,"slug":39,"title":40,"dynasty":41,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":42,"tags":43,"thumbUrl":10,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":47,"collections":48,"showCount":12,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":36},255390,"mu-diao-cai-hui-guan-yu-zuo-xiang-yi-ming-255390","木雕彩绘关羽坐像","明","木雕是雕塑的一种，在我们国家常常被称为“民间工艺”。木雕可以分为立体圆雕、根雕、浮雕三大类。木雕是从木工中分离出来的一个工种，在我们国家的工种分类中为“精细木工”。\n以雕刻材料分类的民间美术品种。一般选用质地细密坚韧，不易变形的树种如楠木、紫檀、樟木、柏木、银杏、沉香、红木、龙眼等。\n木雕是以各种木材及树根为材料进行雕刻，是以传统雕刻工艺中的重要门类。木雕的历史非常悠久，在浙江余姚河姆渡文化遗址就有木雕鱼出土，这是我国木雕史上最早的实物。河南信阳战国大墓出土的木雕镇木兽，湖北云梦汉墓出土的彩雕木佣均为我国早期木雕作品。由于保存的困难，现今很难看到超过千年的木雕作品。\n两宋时期木雕作品较为多见，这时的木雕已采用组织细密的木材为载体进行制作，这就有利于木雕作品的传世。我国的一些庙宇里还保存有宋代的木雕作品。\n元明时由于海外贸易的急速发展，木材种类有所增加，许多由海外进口的硬质木材，是木雕工艺得到长足发展。\n明清期间是木雕艺术的一个辉煌时期，涌现出大量有史可考的名家、艺人及其作品，是古代木雕艺术的一个高峰。\n清末至民国年间由于政府的腐败，国力的衰退，外强的侵略，民不潦生，木雕艺术从此衰落，艺人名家也只能沦为匠人糊口度日。新中国成立后在党和国家的关怀下，民间工艺得到了保护及挖掘，木雕也重新涣发出生命，涌现出一批国家级大师。他们的作品，工艺精湛，秉承传统，立意深远，讴歌时代，体现了大师们立足传统，锐意创新，直抒重获新生的胸怀和报效国家，知遇之恩的深情。\n国家改革开放，经济腾飞，国富民强，党和国家对民间工艺的大力扶持，唤起了民众对传统工艺美术的热爱与追求。逢此盛世，民间工艺美术有了新的飞跃，木雕艺术也不例外。面对实际情况，在全国工艺品展出中，优秀作品的作者年龄偏大，年轻作者寥寥无几。",[41,44,45,46,29,26,7,27],"木质","木雕","彩绘","",[],{"id":50,"slug":51,"title":52,"dynasty":41,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":53,"thumbUrl":55,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":56,"showCount":57,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":36},260090,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-guan-yu-xiang-yi-ming-260090","德化窑白釉关羽像",[23,29,7,54,25],"人物造像","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fba0678f1e9afa969a3fb2bff9e2392fd.jpg",[33],2,{"id":59,"slug":60,"title":52,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":61,"thumbUrl":62,"material":31,"size":32,"collection":33,"collections":63,"showCount":64,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":36},261436,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-guan-yu-xiang-yi-ming-261436",[23,29,25,7,26],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe361b3497681294ea39d0c54a260c59d.jpg",[33],1,1777535761666]