[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":155},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-hua-kou-pan":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},10156,"hua-kou-pan","花口盘","花口盘画高清赏析","精选中国历代花口盘题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F150e08ada9cb49a9ad32294e0cab8800.jpg",0,13,[14,34,47,56,70,83,94,102,110,120,129,138,147],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":27,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":31,"showCount":32,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},260046,"long-quan-yao-qing-you-an-hua-hua-hui-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-260046","龙泉窑青釉暗划花卉纹花口盘","明","佚名","藏地不详","龙泉窑是中国历史上的一个名窑，宋代六大窑系。汉族传统制瓷工艺的珍品。因其主要产区在浙江省龙泉市而得名。它开创于三国两晋，结束于清代，生产瓷器的历史长达1600多年，是中国制瓷历史上最长的一个瓷窑系，它的产品畅销于亚洲、非洲、欧洲的许多国家和地区，影响十分深远。龙泉窑以烧制青瓷而闻名，在北宋早期以前的产品风格受越窑、瓯窑、婺州窑的影响，特征与三窑的产品相似。胎质较粗，胎体较厚，釉色淡青，釉层稍簿。\n1998年3月，宋代的龙泉窑青釉莲瓣纹瓶从英国追回。\n龙泉窑因在今浙江龙泉县，故名，属我国南方青瓷系统。创造于北宋早期，南宋中晚期进入鼎盛时期，至明代中叶以后渐趋衰落，传世的龙泉青瓷下限至清康熙年间，烧造历史达七、八百年之久。北宋时期的龙泉青瓷，胎骨较厚，胎土淡灰，底足露胎处见赭褐色窑红，胎微出烧，釉的玻化程度好，釉层透明，釉表光泽很强。装饰花纹较简练，常见纹样有鱼纹、蕉叶、金枝、荷花等。装饰风格趋于奔放。处于南宋鼎盛时期的龙泉青瓷，形成了自已独有的艺术风格，显示了独特的魅力。\n南宋龙泉青瓷的造型亦形成自已的风格，稳重大方，浑厚淳朴而又不失秀媚，器型丰富多样，装饰普遍采用刻花和堆塑法，颇具艺术匠心。\n元代龙泉青瓷烧造量大，风格与南宋迥异：器型高大、胎体厚重；胎色为白中带灰或淡黄；釉色为粉青带黄绿，光泽较强，釉层半透明；装饰手法多种多样，有刻、划、印、贴、塑等，以划花为主，花纹粗略，线条奔放，纹饰以云龙、飞凰、双鱼、八仙、八卦、牡丹、荷叶等为多见。此外，还大量出现汉文和八思巴文字款铭。\n明代龙泉青瓷走向衰弱，器物胎体厚重，制作粗糙，胎色为灰黄，釉层厚，透明度高，釉表光泽强，釉色有青灰、茶叶末、灰黄等几种，装饰以釉下刻花为主，亦有模印人物故事的装饰方法。\n宋代龙泉青瓷是青瓷工艺的历史高峰。其青瓷的釉色与质地之美，亦如巧夺天工的人造美玉，全世人为之倾倒。\n那么，在漫长的历史长河中，龙泉窑又经历了怎样的发展轨迹呢?朱伯谦先生在《龙泉窑青瓷》一书中曾将龙泉窑的发展归纳为开创、发展、鼎盛和衰落四个阶段：魏晋和五代十国是开创时期，瓷窑少，生产时断时续，处于就地销售断断续续的生产阶段；北宋至南宋前期是发展期，瓷窑发展快，逐渐形成一个较大的瓷窑体系；南宋后期至元代是鼎盛期，瓷窑迅速发展，青瓷质量大大提高，产品畅销国内外广大市场；明清是衰落期，尤其是明代中期以后龙泉窑处境艰难，瓷窑不断地倒闭减少，至清代晚期结束。如果说这四个阶段勾勒出了龙泉窑发展历史的整个脉络，那么，龙泉窑发展史上的三次辉煌期则是连贯发展脉络的重点和要点。",[23,24,7,25,26],"陶瓷","器","青釉","暗划花卉纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1736a78fd931f528e334d92ea76e8614.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","瓷器精选",[30],2,"BDBDBD",{"id":35,"slug":36,"title":37,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":40,"thumbUrl":42,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":44,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},281543,"ri-ben-dong-qing-di-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-281543","日本冬青地花口盘","清","用漆涂在各种器物的表面上所制成的日常器具及工艺品、美术品等，一般称为“漆器”。生漆是从漆树割取的天然液汁，主要由漆酚、漆酶、树胶质及水分构成。用它作涂料，有耐潮、耐高温、耐腐蚀等特殊功能，又可以配制出不同色漆，光彩照人。在中国，从新石器时代起就认识了漆的性能并用以制器。历经商周直至明清，中国的漆器工艺不断发展，达到了相当高的水平。中国的炝金、描金等工艺品，对日本等地都有深远影响。漆器是中国古代在化学工艺及工艺美术方面的重要发明。\n中国古代漆器的工艺，早在新石器时代就已经出现，夏代的木胎漆器不仅用于日常生活，也用于祭祀，并常用朱、黑二色来髹涂。殷商时代已有“石器雕琢，觞酌刻镂”的漆艺。1973年河南成蒿成台西村商代遗址中出土的漆器残片，在木胎上雕饰饕餮纹，并涂上朱、黑两色的漆。 [2]\n西晋以后到南北朝，由于佛教的盛行，出现利用夹纻工艺所造的大型佛像，此时的漆工艺被用来为宗教信仰服务，夹纻胎漆器也因而发展。所谓的夹纻是以漆灰和麻布造型作为漆胎，胎骨轻巧而坚牢。\n唐代经济发达文化繁荣，种种因素使工艺美术也随之发达，在艺术、技术以及生产上，皆远超过前期。唐朝漆器大放异彩，呈现出华丽的风格，漆器制作技术也往富丽方向发展，金银平脱、螺钿、雕漆等制作费时、价格昂贵的技法在当时极为盛行。\n宋代漆器的制胎和髹饰技艺已经十分成熟，当时不仅官方设有专门生产机构，民间制作漆器也很普遍。漆器所制作的器皿，样式多且富变化，造型简朴，表现出器物结构比例之美。一般而言，宋代漆器以素色静谧为主。\n明代时期的工艺美术跨入新的阶段，官方设厂专制御用的各种漆器，并由著名的漆艺家管理。除了官设的漆器厂外，民间漆器生产也遍及大江南北。明代江南漆器名家辈出﹐明初有张德刚﹐包亮﹐明代中期有方信川，明末有江千里等，并出现集漆器工艺之大成的著作：黄成著，杨明注《髹饰录》。\n髹饰工艺在这时有很大的革新，结合多种传统技法，两种以上的技法作结合，不同的文饰在不同的素地上更换，开创出千文万华的繁荣局面。\n今日中国大陆和台湾，漆器仍是民间工艺的重要组成部份，著名的漆器工艺，包括福州的脱胎漆器，厦门的髹金漆丝漆器，广东晕金漆器，扬州螺钿漆器，稷山螺钿漆器，山西平遥推光漆器，成都银片罩花漆器，安徽屯溪犀皮漆器，北京剔红漆器，台湾南投县黑髹漆器等。",[23,41,7,25],"日用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2efe06ca3989f3e3adb2c23739243549.jpg","",[],1,"795548",{"id":48,"slug":49,"title":50,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":51,"thumbUrl":54,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":55,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},260346,"dou-cai-bai-li-hua-guo-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-260346","斗彩白里花果纹花口盘",[23,52,7,53,41,24],"斗彩","花果纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9dc8e9e8f44d4922386269c2d946d451.jpg",[],{"id":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"dynasty":60,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":61,"tags":62,"thumbUrl":68,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":69,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},259609,"ding-yao-bai-you-ke-xuan-cao-wen-zhe-yao-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-259609","定窑白釉刻萱草纹折腰花口盘","宋","定窑是中国传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，宋代六大窑系之一，它是继唐代的邢窑白瓷之后兴起的一大瓷窑体系。主要产地在今河北省保定市曲阳县（原属今定州市）的涧磁村、野北村及东燕川村、西燕川村一带，因该地区唐宋时期属定州管辖，故名定窑。\n定窑原为民窑，北宋中后期开始烧造宫廷用瓷。创烧于唐，极盛于北宋及金，终于元，以产白瓷著称，兼烧黑釉、酱釉和绿釉瓷，文献分别称其为黑定、紫定和绿定。\n定窑从邢窑而来，由于历史的变迁，定窑随着地域变化，新瓷土料的运用和制瓷工艺的进步。卞向和认为：定窑最大的贡献就是在中国陶瓷发展的历史上闪烁过光芒，在中国陶瓷史和世界的陶瓷发展史上留下辉煌的一页。\n定窑，是中国北方白瓷的中心，始于唐，为邢窑的后继者，在五代时期就已经发达。以往文献多记载窑址在河北正定，1938年在河北省曲阳县涧瓷村发现古窑址。近年又多次发掘调查，发现了最下层堆积着晚唐的破片；中层的是五代时就已大量生产；最上层为印花、画花的薄瓷片，是属于北宋中期以后，在政和、宣和年间。这些薄瓷片，胎质坚致，釉泽莹润，花纹优美，确是很精进的品种；且有些是官窑性质的，如”尚食局、禁苑、奉华、官”等胎上刻字破片的发现，便可证明。另在西燕山遗址发现粗瓷片的堆集，以及各地普遍发现的定窑瓷器及破片，又能证明定窑在北宋早期以后，也曾大量烧造民间使用的瓷器。定窑以烧造白瓷为主，也烧颜色釉，如红定、紫定和黑定等。根据《君友会-新民窑》记载，定窑，从北宋起，地位增高，各地仿制者颇多。在定窑本身概念中，就孳乳出各种名称，单就白定一种，就有土定、粉定之分。土定，有瓦胎和陶胎两种。瓦胎为淡赤色的土质，陶胎为白土而略黄，质皆松，体较厚；袖色白色中闪黄或闪赤，容易剥落，或有大开片，是原始的及民用的定器。粉定，是进步的及官用的定器，有陶胎和瓷胎，胎质致密而体薄，釉色纯白如牛乳者，或带淡赤色，釉中往往有刷纹，釉面凝聚，如有泪痕。",[23,63,64,7,65,66,67,41,24],"刻花","萱草纹","白釉","折腰盘","饪食器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1f611d2de00e380298fa05b262f7a101.jpg",[30],{"id":71,"slug":72,"title":73,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":74,"thumbUrl":80,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":81,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},259226,"qian-long-kuan-huang-di-lv-cai-wai-duo-hua-li-yun-long-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-259226","乾隆款黄地绿彩外朵花里云龙纹花口盘",[23,7,75,76,77,78,79],"龙纹","花卉纹","黄地绿彩","设色","瓷器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F196f67d1a8075f3dce5baa0f7980d103.jpg",[],"37474F",{"id":84,"slug":85,"title":86,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":87,"tags":88,"thumbUrl":92,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":93,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},259124,"kang-xi-kuan-huang-you-an-hua-shou-zi-yun-long-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-259124","康熙款黄釉暗花寿字云龙纹花口盘","黄釉是汉族传统的陶瓷装饰艺术。最早出现于唐代，当时安徽淮南寿州窑、河南密县窑等都烧黄釉。但正色黄釉，还是宋代汝窑的高温黄釉——茶叶末釉。明代的黄釉有新的发展，洪武时的老僧衣即茶叶末的衍化；始于宣德的浇黄，更是明代杰出的黄釉；嘉靖以后，又有鱼子黄、鸡油黄等。入清后有康熙的淡黄，以及其后的菜尾、鼻烟、金酱等。",[23,7,89,90,91,75],"黄釉","暗花","寿字纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F69d1dc99f58696050f70930b04ef6dbc.jpg",[],{"id":95,"slug":96,"title":97,"dynasty":60,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":61,"tags":98,"thumbUrl":10,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":101,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},256849,"ding-yao-bai-you-ke-hua-hua-he-lian-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-256849","定窑白釉刻划花荷莲纹花口盘",[60,23,65,99,100,7,24],"刻划花","荷莲纹",[30],{"id":103,"slug":104,"title":105,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":106,"tags":107,"thumbUrl":108,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":109,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},261206,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-ke-hua-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-261206","德化窑白釉刻花花口盘","德化窑位于今福建德化，故名。作为著名的瓷窑，是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n德化瓷器是中华陶瓷烧造中的艺术珍品，始于宋代，明代后得到巨大发展。以白瓷塑佛像闻名。其制作细腻，雕刻精美，造型生动，体现了古代劳动人民的卓越才能和艺术创造力。\n在今福建德化，故名。是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n碗坪仑烧瓷较屈斗宫古窑址早，烧青白瓷，有的接近白釉，刻花蓖划纹装饰较多，盒子遗留甚丰，盖面所印阳纹装饰达一百余种，题材之丰富在南方地区首屈一指，南宋时有专门制作盒子的作坊，盒盖上阳文印花装饰题材丰富，有动物、花卉等近百种图案。划花间篦划纹亦较多，饰在碗、盘、瓶等器物上。\n屈斗宫元代办烧青白瓷，从南宋至元代。明代盛烧白瓷观音、达摩等塑像，胎釉浑然一体，如同白玉，被赞为"象牙白"、"奶白"或 "天鹅绒白。清代除烧白瓷外，盛烧青花与彩绘瓷器。元代以来，德化窑瓷器输出海外，菲律宾、马来西亚出土有元代德化窑青白瓷，泰国及东非坦桑尼亚等国家也出土有清代德化窑青花瓷器。\n这种瓷器的制作工艺程序如下：他们从地下挖取一种泥土，将它垒成一个大堆，任凭风吹、雨打、日晒，从不翻动，历时三、四十年。泥土经过这种处理，质地变得更加纯化精炼，适合制造上述各种器皿，然后抹上认为颜色合宜的釉，再将瓷器放入窑内或炉里烧制而成。因此，人们挖泥堆土，目的是替自已的儿孙贮备制造瓷器的材料而已，大量的瓷器是在城中出售， 一个威尼斯银币能买到八个瓷杯“。马可波罗的介绍，引起了西方人的强烈兴趣。",[23,41,65,63,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9fad2f2cf0a66c7960a31b9e3557dd39.jpg",[30],{"id":111,"slug":112,"title":113,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":114,"tags":115,"thumbUrl":118,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":119,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},261093,"kang-xi-kuan-dong-qing-you-an-yun-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-261093","康熙款冬青釉暗云纹花口盘","中国瓷器著名传统颜色釉。亦称“青瓷釉”。古代南方青釉，是瓷器最早的颜色釉。\n所谓“青釉”，颜色并不是纯粹的青，有：月白、天青、粉青、梅子青、豆青、豆绿、翠青等，但多少总能泛出一点青绿色。同时，古人往往将青、绿、蓝三种颜色，一统称为“青色”，例如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》称：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也、蓝也，皆以青括之。”刘子芬《竹园陶说》中也说：“青色一种，常与蓝色相混。雨过天晴，钧窑、元窑之青，皆近蓝色。”“惟千峰翠色、梅子青、豆青、乃为纯青耳。天色本蓝，有时为青。”\n青釉是我国使用最早，延用时间最久，分布最广的一个釉种，它的发明是与我国瓷土矿大都含有一定量的铁矿的现象相一致的。青色也符合我国人民的传统审美情趣。青色与碧玉相若，认为稳重而高雅。浙江、江西、河南等地已出土了不少早至商周时期的原始青釉瓷。六朝至唐宋以越窑为代表的南方青釉瓷；宋到元明的龙泉窑系青瓷；耀州窑、临汝窑、钧窑等宋代北方青瓷；以及明、清以来的景德镇青釉瓷，是青釉发展的几个重要阶段，所谓的宋代“汝、定、官、哥、钧”五大名窑，除定窑外均属青釉瓷。表釉的呈色主要决定于着色氧化物的含铁量与烧成气氛，青釉含铁量一般在1—3%左右，过高会变成黑釉，低了就能烧成白瓷。在还原气氛中烧成。釉色青绿；在氧化气氛中烧成，釉色泛黄。因而陶瓷界所谓的青釉是相对而言的，正如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中所说：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也，蓝也，皆以青括之。”",[23,41,116,117,7],"冬青釉","暗云纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ff0df91db68eef20d4dfa5afcc55369d5.jpg",[],{"id":121,"slug":122,"title":123,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":124,"thumbUrl":127,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":128,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},259911,"wu-cai-tuan-feng-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-259911","五彩团凤纹花口盘",[23,125,126,7],"五彩","花鸟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0ad8d742351d7ff3573927511cb023db.jpg",[],{"id":130,"slug":131,"title":132,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":39,"tags":133,"thumbUrl":136,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":137,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},259225,"qian-long-kuan-huang-di-lv-cai-long-chuan-hua-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-259225","乾隆款黄地绿彩龙穿花纹花口盘",[23,24,134,7,77,135],"龙","彩瓷","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fce67a1e9f5d0afee2e1ea00657c3bdfd.jpg",[],{"id":139,"slug":140,"title":141,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":87,"tags":142,"thumbUrl":145,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":146,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},259125,"kang-xi-kuan-huang-you-an-hua-shuang-feng-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-259125","康熙款黄釉暗划双凤纹花口盘",[23,24,41,89,143,144,7],"暗划纹","凤纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd61ec5c9bc0370b05e95563a57a7939b.jpg",[],{"id":148,"slug":149,"title":150,"dynasty":38,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":87,"tags":151,"thumbUrl":153,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":43,"collections":154,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},259088,"kang-xi-kuan-huang-you-an-hua-yun-long-wen-hua-kou-pan-yi-ming-259088","康熙款黄釉暗划云龙纹花口盘",[23,134,152,7,41],"暗划","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fbd4c676bd8d425c3a695578e3a89b17b.jpg",[],1777535728904]