[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":509},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-hua-ye":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},755,"hua-ye","花叶","花叶画高清赏析","精选中国历代花叶题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2cca4344bd9b273ffd9b01c88ee9ac82.jpg",0,37,[14,44,63,80,93,121,142,156,168,179,197,211,227,237,248,257,273,282,294,302,315,327,337,347,360,372,384,399,412,425,433,444,453,463,476,486,499],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":36,"material":37,"size":38,"collection":39,"collections":40,"showCount":41,"zanCount":42,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":43},214254,"qiu-shui-fu-yi-tu-ren-ren-fa-214254","秋水凫鹥图","元","任仁发","上海博物馆","秋水凫鹥图是元朝作者任仁发的一幅代表作。这幅画作描绘了秋天的水鸟生活。\n\n在这幅画作中，任仁发巧妙地捕捉了秋天的水鸟的生活情景。他用浓墨重彩的画法，勾勒出了水鸟的身形。他还用细腻的线条勾勒出了水鸟的面容，让人感受到了水鸟的自然和优美。\n\n此外，任仁发在这幅画作中还描绘了水鸟周围的景色。他用色彩丰富的画法，描绘了水鸟周围的山川和河流。这些景色与水鸟的生活场景形成了鲜明的对比，让人感受到了自然与动物的和谐共存。\n\n总之，秋水凫鹥图是一幅精美的画作，描绘了秋天的水鸟生活。它让我们感受到了元朝作者任仁发对自然的崇敬之情，也让我们感受到了元朝文化的魅力。\n\n在这幅画作中，任仁发运用了丰富的色彩和细腻的线条，将水鸟的生活场景展现得淋漓尽致。他还用精美的画法描绘了水鸟周围的景色，让人感受到了自然与动物的和谐共存。\n\n秋水凫鹥图是元朝文化中的经典之作，也是任仁发的代表作之一。它不仅展现了任仁发的艺术才华，也是一幅能够唤起人们对自然的崇敬之情的画作。",[23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,7,34,35],"高清","国画","工笔","设色","花鸟","飞鸟","水禽","鸭子","孤石","菊花","树枝","水波","草","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc65117c93f7cf534891203b9f9c5bbf5.jpg","绢本,设色","","花鸟画精选",[39],1515,25,"795548",{"id":45,"slug":46,"title":47,"dynasty":48,"author":49,"museum":50,"description":51,"tags":52,"thumbUrl":58,"material":38,"size":38,"collection":38,"collections":59,"showCount":60,"zanCount":61,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},233911,"hua-hui-shan-shui-ce-yun-shou-ping-233911","花卉山水册","清","恽寿平","藏地不详","恽寿平（1633-1690年），初名格，后以字行，又字正叔，别号南田，一号白云外史、云溪外史、东园客、巢枫客、草衣生、横山樵者。江苏武进人。清代著名画家。与“四王”、吴历并称“清初六大家”。其父恽日初诗文杰出，为“复社”中人。叔父恽向（道生）为著名山水画家，自创一派。恽寿平是清朝初期最享盛名的花鸟画家。其画作多写生，人称“写生正派”；更以徐崇嗣为宗，兼取各家之长，极大的发展了没骨画。所画花卉，很少勾勒，以水墨着色渲染，用笔含蓄，画法工整，明丽简洁，天趣盎然。恽寿平不仅画作出众，风格独具，而且兼工诗书，题句清丽流畅，诗格脱俗超逸，为“昆陵六逸”之冠。恽南田《山水花卉册》八帧，其中包括山水，花鸟及情景兼容的人物，攘括了恽南田所有的画种。画中有退耕堂藏印。退耕堂为徐世昌的室名。\n恽寿平一生坎坷，饱经困苦，他幼年聪颖玲利，遭遇战乱，与兄皆被俘，与父亲失散，后遇灵隐寺方丈相救，才得以与家人团聚，归家后，发奋读书学画。经刻苦钻研，于古文、诗词、书画无不精擅。他崇尚气节，誓不应科举，少时的忧患，留下深深的创痛，一生未尝忘情。却在绘画上取得了很高的成就；恽南田曾致书王（翚）说：“格于山水，终难打破一字关，曰‘窘’，良由为古人规矩法度所束缚耳。”又说：“君独步矣！吾不为第二手也”。于是恽寿平转攻花鸟，以后山水不过偶而为之。可见其艺术抱负。《山水花卉册》中的山水，取黄公望笔法，于荒率中见秀润，尖毫勾皴，浓墨点树、高旷清淡，浸润宋元诸家，吸取王蒙、二米等人之长，渐脱刻极。40岁左右作品最为精采，如43岁的《山水花鸟册》，技法灵活多变，表达各家风貌准确，艺术已臻成熟。他的花鸟画成就最为突出，取法徐崇嗣的没骨法，他的没骨花卉，揉合了黄（筌）、徐（熙）两派技法，既重视写生，力求形似，“每画一花，必折是花插之瓶中，极力描摹，得其生香活色而后已。”又强调“与花传神”。力去华靡，追求“ 澹雅”。此册中的花鸟更是形神兼备，清新淡雅，具有新的风貌。",[24,53,54,55,26,27,56,57,7],"书画","册","没骨","花卉","海棠","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F365b8ee143cb6b67cd7e5ece42f851e1.jpg",[],218,3,"BDBDBD",{"id":64,"slug":65,"title":66,"dynasty":67,"author":68,"museum":69,"description":70,"tags":71,"thumbUrl":74,"material":37,"size":75,"collection":39,"collections":76,"showCount":77,"zanCount":78,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":79},218645,"mu-dan-tu-yi-ming-218645","牡丹图","宋","佚名","福冈市立美术馆","沉棕底色如旧绢凝香，中央牡丹姿态雍容却不失清雅。花瓣层叠如浪，米白与浅褐的晕染间藏着淡粉的柔韵，似被时光打磨出温润质感。墨线勾出的叶片翠意内敛，叶脉纤细如丝，与花的柔婉相映成趣。整幅画作工致细腻，尽显宋画的沉静风骨，将牡丹的端庄神韵凝于方寸之间，仿佛能窥见千年之前画者笔下那一抹含蓄的生机，静谧中流淌着古雅的诗意。",[23,72,24,53,27,25,26,73,7],"名画","牡丹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7837e7613763e599f5ea1a410e470c01.jpg","26.7x31.2",[39],144,1,"37474F",{"id":81,"slug":82,"title":83,"dynasty":67,"author":68,"museum":84,"description":85,"tags":86,"thumbUrl":88,"material":37,"size":89,"collection":39,"collections":90,"showCount":91,"zanCount":92,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},218861,"die-fen-hua-cong-tu-yi-ming-218861","蝶粉花丛图","台北故宫博物院","画面上画着五枝月季花，枝头上的花有的开得灿烂，有的含苞待放，花瓣是红色的，花尖是粉红色的，枝头上的叶子是深绿色的，花和叶子色彩斑斓，清新漂亮，两只蝴蝶在花丛中盘旋，伴着花香翩翩起舞。这幅画的笔触和色彩与卫昇，林椿的相似，应该说是南宋画派的代表作。",[23,24,72,25,26,27,54,87,73,7],"蝴蝶","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa59d14f0dd44d2a05a8c854eb299aff6.jpg","23.6x25.2",[39],87,2,{"id":94,"slug":95,"title":96,"dynasty":48,"author":97,"museum":84,"description":98,"tags":99,"thumbUrl":115,"material":116,"size":117,"collection":39,"collections":118,"showCount":120,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},222793,"jin-chun-tu-lang-shi-ning-222793","锦春图","郎世宁","《锦春图》设色浓艳鲜丽，充分体现郎世宁的绘画特色。锦鸡花卉得写实之真，而湖石坡草又表现中国画的笔墨趣味。画春华锦鸡。锦鸡全用西法。点景树石笔墨是旧院体。构景一仍是陈法。当出另一画家补绘。设色画山涧旁湖石杂卉，二锦鸡栖石上。",[23,72,24,53,100,25,26,101,102,103,104,105,106,56,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,7,114],"立轴","中西合璧","光影透视","写实","锦鸡","禽鸟","山石","草木","岩壑","野花","奇石","枝干","苔草","坡地","翎毛","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2017289c044d5d1fb6ebf7be3f2e2187.jpg","绢本，设色","横68.6厘米，纵121.6厘米",[39,119],"设色画精选",57,{"id":122,"slug":123,"title":124,"dynasty":125,"author":126,"museum":84,"description":127,"tags":128,"thumbUrl":137,"material":138,"size":139,"collection":38,"collections":140,"showCount":141,"zanCount":78,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},222571,"hua-hui-shan-mian-chen-chun-222571","花卉扇面","明","陈淳","陈淳，1483年生，1544年逝世（另一种说法是1482—1539），长洲（今江苏苏州）人。字道复，后以字行，更字复甫，号白阳，又号白阳山人。他的有些作品，所画质朴，可以看出受沈周画法的影响， 从他现存作品中即可见风格和用笔，既能放得开，又能收得住。在绘画史上，陈淳与徐渭并称为“白阳、青藤”， 陈淳的绘画当属文人隽雅一路的，即“白阳”一派画家。\n陈淳少年作画以元人为法，深受水墨写意的影响。他的写生画，一花半叶，淡墨欹毫，自有疏斜历乱之致。他的有些作品，所画质朴，可以看出受沈周画法的影响， 从他现存作品中即可见风格和用笔，既能放得开，又能收得住。他能诗文，擅书法，尤精绘画。陈淳与徐渭并称白阳、青藤。陈氏少年作画工细，中年后笔法放纵，自立门户。陈淳从师文徵明，在其门下声誉最高。擅长写意花卉，其作品虽表现一花半叶，却淋漓疏爽，深受当时文人士大夫的赞赏；他是继沈周、唐寅之后对水墨写意花鸟画的发展作出了重要贡献的画家。\n陈淳中年以后间作山水，技法学米友仁、高克恭，多以江南风景为题材，手法简练，极具文人生活情趣，文徵明曾微笑着说：“吾道复举业师耳，渠书、画自有门径，非吾徒也。”存世作品有《红梨诗画图》《山茶水仙图》《葵石图》《罨画图》等。其子陈括继承父风、擅花卉。\n陈淳绘山水，效法米友仁、高克恭，水墨淋漓，颇得氤氲之气。他的泼墨之功，往往见于画烟云之中。在写意花卉方面，陈淳独得玄门，笔法挥洒自如，富有疏朗轻健的风姿，用墨设色，则如徐沁所谓“浅色淡墨之痕俱化矣！”王世贞在《州续稿》中说：“胜国（元朝）以来，写花卉者无如吾吴郡，而吴郡自沈启南（周）后，无如陈道确，陆叔平（治）”。近代画家如蒲华、吴昌硕、齐白石等，在诗文题书画中，都对陈淳做出了极高的评价。明万历年间即有人曾评价过陈淳在花卉方面的造诣和声誉都超过了文征明，成为继沈周之后的吴门大家。明清以来画家，尤其在花鸟画方面，受他的影响很深。他与徐渭齐名，人称“青藤白阳”。现存的陈淳作品大部分均在博物馆收藏，民间甚少得见。",[23,24,53,129,130,131,26,132,56,133,7,134,135,136],"扇面","写意","水墨","行书","花枝","写意花鸟","笔墨","题字","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F77b227089b3a30105cdc5394e4006f97.jpg","纸本，泥金","纵18.6厘米横54.1厘米",[],47,{"id":143,"slug":144,"title":145,"dynasty":125,"author":126,"museum":146,"description":147,"tags":148,"thumbUrl":151,"material":152,"size":153,"collection":38,"collections":154,"showCount":155,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},222559,"hua-hui-tu-11-chen-chun-222559","花卉图11","美国波士顿博物馆","此图册是陈淳晚年作品。卷尾自题“嘉靖庚子，余游玉山，过周氏六观草堂。主人出此册，具丹粉，欲图杂卉。留连累月，不觉盈帙，见者亦且以草本视之可也。道复志”。按照其生卒年推算， “嘉靖庚子” 陈淳应为58岁，此作亦为其是画风成熟之作。从其题跋可以得知陈淳游历数月，画作颇丰，认为此作为“草本”，可见其自觉并无刻意求工，描写大略而已。\n卷尾文彭题曰：“赵昌王友已无伦，更学徐熙更逼真。意到不论颜色似，笔端原有四时春。阅白阳杂花漫题。文彭。”充分体现了吴门花鸟画的文人雅趣，“意到不论颜色似”概括了文人写意的特征，而“漫题”也体现了题咏者的状态，反映出文人书画家的共同气质特点与审美追求。\n文人王穉登的题跋则突出了对陈淳花卉写生推崇与称赞。“写生贵在约略点染，天真烂如。不当以分葩计蕊为似，重丹叠翠为工。观此册陈道复先生所作，粉墨萧闲，意象自足，所谓千金骏骨，识者求之牝牡骊黄之外可也。”此段题跋强调了陈淳花卉写生最主要的特点，即约略点染，不求工细，而意象自足。\n卷尾的金农长跋也对陈淳“行笔绝无时蹊，设色亦未敷采炫目，画以意似而非以形似也”的风格进行梳理，论述了写意书写的源流。但这段题跋存在一些问题。其一，通篇书体较为拘谨，特别是每行末字，刻意缩减对齐，非常局促。其二，“后世临写纷纷，徒劳豪楮”中“豪”应为“毫”之误。此出自大文人之手，有些牵强。其三，“此册九叶，花草凡七，间以山水两帧。”所述并非此册，极有可能是将他处题跋移接此处所致。所以这段金农题字不足以为据，至于真伪原由的评断，是另外的话题。本文主要论及陈淳花卉写生的艺术特点，就不将此段金农的论述作为讨论的依据了。\n变化生动自然，是陈淳花卉写生的代表作。如果将此册置于陈淳传世花鸟画作品中做一纵向比对，可以发现其共性的特征集中体现在这件作品中，同时，这件作品还有一些不同于其他作品的独到之处，都统一在率意自足的书写风格之中。所以这件陈淳绘画风格成熟期的作品，总体来看，体现了陈淳如下几个方面的鲜明的艺术特点。",[23,24,53,27,130,26,131,56,149,7,150],"百合","印章","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffdcd1dfcc3d68a8385963786e0c07ab3.jpg","纸本设色","32.5×57.3厘米",[],43,{"id":157,"slug":158,"title":159,"dynasty":48,"author":160,"museum":84,"description":161,"tags":162,"thumbUrl":164,"material":37,"size":165,"collection":39,"collections":166,"showCount":167,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},218876,"hua-niao-tu-yu-sheng-218876","花鸟图","俞笙","绘制八哥相搏，情态甚为生动。画柳、芙蓉、草虫，笔意潇洒简当。",[24,26,25,131,27,28,73,163,111,7],"柳树","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F027ca06eef5220d7c34a3b53d8eedd35.jpg","132.5x49cm",[39],41,{"id":169,"slug":170,"title":171,"dynasty":48,"author":172,"museum":50,"description":173,"tags":174,"thumbUrl":176,"material":38,"size":38,"collection":38,"collections":177,"showCount":178,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},230122,"chun-qin-si-ping-ren-yi-230122","春禽四屏","任颐","这幅团扇小品兼工带写，以鸲鹆为题。浓墨晕染禽鸟黑羽，兼用淡墨扫出绒羽蓬松层次，朱红爪足紧扣枯枝，圆目尖喙自带警觉之态，笔意放逸却形神毕现。衬景藤蔓枝叶以花青淡赭轻勾慢染，叶片俯仰错落，柔润淡彩与浓黑禽鸟形成冷暖映衬，疏密之间晕出春日清寂生机。右侧题字笔力劲挺，与画面浑然相融，尽显写意花鸟的灵动雅趣，尺幅之内将日常小景化为意韵悠长的雅致佳作。",[24,26,131,27,175,33,7,150,130],"鸟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb56f8d8e8fbbb64afde5123e88597a17.jpg",[],32,{"id":180,"slug":181,"title":182,"dynasty":183,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":184,"tags":185,"thumbUrl":191,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":194,"showCount":195,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":196},225497,"fu-shi-hui-255-yi-ming-225497","浮世绘255","不详","浮世绘，也就是日本的风俗画，版画。它是日本江户时代（1603～1867年间，也叫德川幕府时代）兴起的一种独特的民族艺术，是典型的花街柳巷艺术。主要描绘人们日常生活、风景和演剧。浮世绘常被认为专指彩色印刷的木版画（日语称为锦绘），但事实上也有手绘的作品。\n从其绘画素材看，70%以上内容是妓画（暂称为“美人画”）和伎画（暂称为“艺人画”），也就是说，作品主角是娼妓和艺伎，女性，裸体，性感美，色情是其标志性特征。用现代艺术眼光看，可算“人体绘画艺术”，其中的大胆的性爱题材引起注意，成为古代东方一种人本主义的新研究方向。在日本，存在着对这类作品的争议，也有的认为是乐而不淫，肯定其价值。\n浮世绘的艺术渊源，一来自绘画，师承了中国的“春画”，房中术绘画也；二来自文学，浸染了“浮世草子”（草子：小说），西鹤《好色一代女》、《好色一代男》和近松《曾根崎情死》、《情死天网岛》等等，是文学“浮世写”直接彰显，主题和题材无非色情和妓女（当然，文学价值与作品题材并非正比例关系）。\n因此，“浮世绘”是一个绘画艺术的专有名词，有其特定的内涵外延。印象派大师如德加等也受到浮世绘的感染，模仿当时日本的出口商品的包装的风格创作了不少绘画。近现代西方人体绘画艺术借鉴了日本“浮世绘”主题和技法，这是积极的方面，有着艺术审美的价值。\n望文生义的理解“浮世绘”，想当然的以为就是关于尘世风俗的绘画，类似于《清明上河图》那种风俗画。再扩大到文学领域运用这个专有名词，泛化为关于尘世风俗的描写，则偏离约定俗成的语义越来越远，差不多等于是错别字了。搞绘画的人很难接受这样的定义，日本人当诧异一个日本词汇出口到中国以后居然发生了那么大的歧义。",[186,187,26,87,188,189,7,190],"浮世绘","木刻","蜻蜓","花朵","罂粟花","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0a69b3271a539214a07d7ac2cc37e1f4.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm",[],21,"F48FB1",{"id":198,"slug":199,"title":200,"dynasty":48,"author":201,"museum":50,"description":202,"tags":203,"thumbUrl":208,"material":38,"size":38,"collection":38,"collections":209,"showCount":210,"zanCount":78,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},234785,"hua-hui-ce-jin-li-ying-234785","花卉册","金礼嬴","金礼嬴（1772—1807）一作礼瀛，字云门，号五云，东桥、云门女史、会稽内史、自号昭明阁女史，一称昭明阁内史，山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，晚居钱塘（今浙江杭州）。嘉兴王昙（仲瞿）继室。幼娴翰墨，志趣高远。夫妇以诗文、书、画像商榷，志趣高远。王昙曾自撰门联云：家中有碧水丹山，妻太聪明夫太怪，门外省青磷白骨，人何寥落鬼何多。\n礼嬴性喜佳山水，吴越幽胜之区，探索殆尽。故其画得游览之助为多。佣笔自给，求者踵至而画益工。凡人物、仕女、界画楼室、山水、花卉，悉能匠心独运，妙夺古人，尤精画佛，庄严妙丽。得者宝之。画梅亦妙。书法晋、唐，兼工汉隶，诗多清灵凄婉之致，著有《秋红丈室遗诗》。卒年三十六。",[24,26,25,54,56,7,204,205,206,207],"红花","黄花","粉花","绿叶","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa92084238e54d8ec9f8ad51d9dc981e8.jpg",[],16,{"id":212,"slug":213,"title":214,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":215,"tags":216,"thumbUrl":224,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":225,"showCount":226,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":43},223981,"kang-xi-kuan-tong-tai-hua-fa-lang-lian-hua-shi-die-yi-ming-223981","康熙款 铜胎画珐瑯莲花式碟","珐琅又称“佛郎”、“法蓝”，是由中国隋唐时古西域地名拂菻音译而来。珐琅器是以珐琅为材料装饰而制成的器物，其基本成分为石英、长石、硼砂和氟化物，与陶瓷釉、琉璃、玻璃同属硅酸盐类物质。依据具体加工工艺的不同，又可分为掐丝珐琅器、錾胎珐琅器、画珐琅器和透明珐琅器等几个品种。\n珐琅就是将经过粉碎研磨的珐琅釉料，涂施于经过金属加工工艺制作后的金属制品的表面，经干燥、烧成等制作步骤后，所得到的复合性工艺品。珐琅工艺的制作分类很多，一般根据制作方法和胎地种类将其分类。 [2] 珐琅依据具体加工工艺的不同，又可分为掐丝珐琅器、錾胎珐琅器、画珐琅器和透明珐琅器等几个品种。其中掐丝珐琅器就是俗称的“景泰蓝”，15世纪中期明代景泰年间的制品尤为著称，故有景泰蓝之称。\n清代，西洋珐琅从广州传入中国，广州生产的珐琅俗称“广珐琅”，是朝廷的贡品，其中最著名的是画珐琅 ，錾胎珐琅的制作中心也在广州，透明珐琅器也以广州出产的最为著名。",[217,218,219,26,25,220,7,221,222,223],"清代","铜胎画珐琅","珐瑯器","莲花","缠枝","碟","黄色","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F45a7e87b21f50f586eac9beba2d32646.jpg",[],15,{"id":228,"slug":229,"title":230,"dynasty":48,"author":231,"museum":50,"description":232,"tags":233,"thumbUrl":234,"material":38,"size":38,"collection":38,"collections":235,"showCount":236,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},224316,"hua-niao-ce-shi-kai-6-li-shan-224316","花鸟册十开6","李鱓","此作以水墨淡彩写就，右侧顽石以大写意挥就，焦墨点苔，苍劲朴拙，似藏山野沉浑之气。左侧花枝鲜活灵动，叶片以青绿分染，深浅层叠尽显舒展之姿，粉花柔婉点缀枝梢，轻丽动人。\n\n画面左上题以行书，笔意潇洒跌宕，书画相映成趣。笔致兼具放逸与秀雅，不拘成法，将花木清隽生机与顽石沉静古拙相互映衬，诗书画印浑然一体，把寻常小景绘出悠然林下之致，淡彩晕染衬出雅致格调，墨色干湿浓淡尽显写意意趣，尽显疏朗脱俗的文人审美意韵。",[23,24,53,54,130,26,132,150,31,27,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa0972e453f468c17ec7ec34647dfa52a.jpg",[],9,{"id":238,"slug":239,"title":240,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":241,"tags":242,"thumbUrl":245,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":246,"showCount":247,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":79},249908,"qia-si-fa-lang-hua-ping-yi-ming-249908","掐丝珐琅花瓶","景泰蓝（Cloisonne），中国的著名特种金属工艺品类之一，到明代景泰年间这种工艺技术制作达到了最巅峰，制作出的工艺品最为精美而著名，故后人称这种金属器为“景泰蓝”。景泰蓝正名“铜胎掐丝珐琅”，俗名“珐蓝”，又称“嵌珐琅”，是一种在铜质的胎型上，用柔软的扁铜丝，掐成各种花纹焊上，然后把珐琅质的色釉填充在花纹内烧制而成的器物 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[2]\n西晋以后到南北朝，由于佛教的盛行，出现利用夹纻工艺所造的大型佛像，此时的漆工艺被用来为宗教信仰服务，夹纻胎漆器也因而发展。所谓的夹纻是以漆灰和麻布造型作为漆胎，胎骨轻巧而坚牢。\n唐代经济发达文化繁荣，种种因素使工艺美术也随之发达，在艺术、技术以及生产上，皆远超过前期。唐朝漆器大放异彩，呈现出华丽的风格，漆器制作技术也往富丽方向发展，金银平脱、螺钿、雕漆等制作费时、价格昂贵的技法在当时极为盛行。\n宋代漆器的制胎和髹饰技艺已经十分成熟，当时不仅官方设有专门生产机构，民间制作漆器也很普遍。漆器所制作的器皿，样式多且富变化，造型简朴，表现出器物结构比例之美。一般而言，宋代漆器以素色静谧为主。\n明代时期的工艺美术跨入新的阶段，官方设厂专制御用的各种漆器，并由著名的漆艺家管理。除了官设的漆器厂外，民间漆器生产也遍及大江南北。明代江南漆器名家辈出﹐明初有张德刚﹐包亮﹐明代中期有方信川，明末有江千里等，并出现集漆器工艺之大成的著作：黄成著，杨明注《髹饰录》。\n髹饰工艺在这时有很大的革新，结合多种传统技法，两种以上的技法作结合，不同的文饰在不同的素地上更换，开创出千文万华的繁荣局面。\n今日中国大陆和台湾，漆器仍是民间工艺的重要组成部份，著名的漆器工艺，包括福州的脱胎漆器，厦门的髹金漆丝漆器，广东晕金漆器，扬州螺钿漆器，稷山螺钿漆器，山西平遥推光漆器，成都银片罩花漆器，安徽屯溪犀皮漆器，北京剔红漆器，台湾南投县黑髹漆器等。",[48,354,405,406,407,73,7,26,408,409],"五彩","龙","凤","纹饰","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1474df500bf205b953144e779da6d3ba.jpg",[],{"id":413,"slug":414,"title":415,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":416,"tags":417,"thumbUrl":423,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":424,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":43},251595,"hen-dou-si-tan-qing-yu-qian-bi-yu-shuang-hua-ye-er-hua-jiao-yi-ming-251595","痕都斯坦青玉嵌碧玉双花叶耳花浇","古文云:“石之美，谓之玉”，中国古代玉器多用于祭祀、佩戴、陪葬等场景。玉石因其细腻的质地和优雅的外观而在历史上享有盛誉。同时，玉器被赋予了“玉树临风”、“温润如玉”等多种品质，成为道德的体现。自古以来，它就有着厚重的文化含蕴。\n玉器在中国文化中起着无法替代的作用，可以说，纵观中国文明史，玉从石器时代一直到现在都发挥着不可忽视的重要的作用。让我们走进历史上玉器的更迭。\n在中国历史长河中，玉原本是以一种装饰品为主要作用。新石器时代中后期后，小玉器地位逐渐被大玉器所取代，大玉器是政治意义的体现。当时古人受中封建等级观念和原始宗教观念的影响，人们将其观念逐渐渗透到玉器中，这时中国玉文化的玉器主流时期正式到来。\n据考古学发现，新石器时代晚期，出土了大量玉琮。在这一时期的玉器，被赋予通灵天地之间神器的作用。它是与天地之神沟通的一种工具，在重大祭祀活动中，玉是作为交流的媒介。这个时代也是玉器神器时代。\n从春秋战国到汉代，玉被视为统治者身份的象征，其中最著名的是和氏璧，秦王愿意用十五座城市进行交换，秦始皇用这块和氏璧铸了御玺。那个时候谁有传国之令，就被视为一国之君的前兆，如同金庸小说中倚天剑屠龙刀的地位一样，可以率统天下。\n根据考古发现，汉代时期的墓葬中出土了金缕玉衣，这是汉代玉器的一个特殊时期，也可以称之为明玉时代，在此期间墓葬中使用了各种玉衣和蝉。汉朝玉器的黄金时代。 这一时期，以唐朝为典型，玉带是唐朝三品及以上的身份象征。这一时期也称为官玉时代，玉带的使用通常为达官贵人。在此期间，玉带越来越追求它的精致。在中国玉文化史上，唐朝是玉器发展一个重要阶段，唐朝国力鼎盛，玉器豪华尊贵是身份的象征，此时的玉器散发雍华大度的浪漫气息。\n唐宋时期，各种玉器出现，明清时期开始流行。这一时期，玉的生态美和工艺美开始结合。在这个时期，玉与人的距离亲近。玉不仅被欣赏和使用，而且人们开始佩戴它。这时，中国玉文化达到了一个顶峰时期，即赏玉玩玉的时期。\n清朝乾隆年间，乾隆皇帝非常喜爱玉，在他执政时期，乾隆命人制作了大禹治水玉山，这座大玉山清宫中最大的玉雕。这一时期，达官贵人都热衷于收藏玉器，全民掀起了藏玉热潮，被称为藏玉时期。\n从20世纪80年代初开始，玉石开始走向经济市场，走向人们的生活任何人都可以参与玉石的加工和收藏。越来越多的人佩戴玉石，各种玉石饰品在市场上流通，经过几千年的发展，玉器终于进入了开放期。\n中国古代玉器历史悠久，绚烂夺目底蕴深厚，在世界文明史和艺术史上首屈一指，辉煌灿烂，熠熠生辉，以上简单梳理了中国玉器的发展历史和演变过程，目的在让我们更加热爱我们的传统玉器文化，增强我们的民族自信心，让我们伟大的中华文化和伟大的工匠精神永远屹立于世界之巅。",[217,418,419,420,266,421,7,422,409],"玉石","青玉","碧玉","痕都斯坦风格","双耳","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb59dba39690e3d94e249ed7d36a6a6f3.jpg",[],{"id":426,"slug":427,"title":428,"dynasty":67,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":429,"tags":430,"thumbUrl":431,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":432,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":79},251262,"bai-yu-hua-ye-yi-ming-251262","白玉花叶","古文云:“石之美，谓之玉”，中国古代玉器多用于祭祀、佩戴、陪葬等场景。玉石因其细腻的质地和优雅的外观而在历史上享有盛誉。同时，玉器被赋予了“玉树临风”、“温润如玉”等多种品质，成为道德的体现。自古以来，它就有着厚重的文化含蕴。\n玉器在中国文化中起着无法替代的作用，可以说，纵观中国文明史，玉从石器时代一直到现在都发挥着不可忽视的重要的作用。让我们走进历史上玉器的更迭。\n在中国历史长河中，玉原本是以一种装饰品为主要作用。新石器时代中后期后，小玉器地位逐渐被大玉器所取代，大玉器是政治意义的体现。当时古人受中封建等级观念和原始宗教观念的影响，人们将其观念逐渐渗透到玉器中，这时中国玉文化的玉器主流时期正式到来。\n据考古学发现，新石器时代晚期，出土了大量玉琮。在这一时期的玉器，被赋予通灵天地之间神器的作用。它是与天地之神沟通的一种工具，在重大祭祀活动中，玉是作为交流的媒介。这个时代也是玉器神器时代。\n从春秋战国到汉代，玉被视为统治者身份的象征，其中最著名的是和氏璧，秦王愿意用十五座城市进行交换，秦始皇用这块和氏璧铸了御玺。那个时候谁有传国之令，就被视为一国之君的前兆，如同金庸小说中倚天剑屠龙刀的地位一样，可以率统天下。\n根据考古发现，汉代时期的墓葬中出土了金缕玉衣，这是汉代玉器的一个特殊时期，也可以称之为明玉时代，在此期间墓葬中使用了各种玉衣和蝉。汉朝玉器的黄金时代。\n以唐朝为典型，玉带是唐朝三品及以上的身份象征。这一时期也称为官玉时代，玉带的使用通常为达官贵人。在此期间，玉带越来越追求它的精致。在中国玉文化史上，唐朝是玉器发展一个重要阶段，唐朝国力鼎盛，玉器豪华尊贵是身份的象征，此时的玉器散发雍华大度的浪漫气息。\n唐宋时期，各种玉器出现，明清时期开始流行。这一时期，玉的生态美和工艺美开始结合。在这个时期，玉与人的距离亲近。玉不仅被欣赏和使用，而且人们开始佩戴它。这时，中国玉文化达到了一个顶峰时期，即赏玉玩玉的时期。\n清朝乾隆年间，乾隆皇帝非常喜爱玉，在他执政时期，乾隆命人制作了大禹治水玉山，这座大玉山清宫中最大的玉雕。这一时期，达官贵人都热衷于收藏玉器，全民掀起了藏玉热潮，被称为藏玉时期。\n从20世纪80年代初开始，玉石开始走向经济市场，走向人们的生活任何人都可以参与玉石的加工和收藏。越来越多的人佩戴玉石，各种玉石饰品在市场上流通，经过几千年的发展，玉器终于进入了开放期。\n玉器经历7000多年的发展，从简单的装饰品发展到古代宗教祭拜、礼仪用品，再到象征高尚道德品质的装饰品，最后上升为丰富的艺术鉴赏作品，深入反映了不同历史时期的社会发展演变过程。",[418,343,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb3bbbf9609221c6529f20db6b7ca0d91.jpg",[],{"id":434,"slug":435,"title":436,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":364,"tags":437,"thumbUrl":442,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":443,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},248841,"ti-hong-hua-guo-wen-fo-shou-shi-he-yi-ming-248841","剔红花果纹佛手式盒",[48,438,439,343,440,441,7,244],"漆器","剔红","花果","佛手","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc5f547c475756c42aa80cb45ee80fa62.jpg",[],{"id":445,"slug":446,"title":447,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":364,"tags":448,"thumbUrl":451,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":452,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},247805,"dui-cai-shi-liu-wen-he-yi-ming-247805","堆彩石榴纹盒",[48,438,343,449,450,7,408],"堆彩","石榴","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0cdf500ab3274c82359592f63793bb59.jpg",[],{"id":454,"slug":455,"title":447,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":364,"tags":456,"thumbUrl":461,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":462,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":43},247794,"dui-cai-shi-liu-wen-he-yi-ming-247794",[48,449,343,438,26,457,7,409,458,459,460],"石榴纹","红色","褐色","绿色","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1aac2e918304c09188fa0f89035c99ae.jpg",[],{"id":464,"slug":465,"title":466,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":403,"tags":467,"thumbUrl":474,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":475,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},246936,"ti-hong-gou-lian-ba-bao-wen-gong-pan-yi-ming-246936","剔红勾莲八宝纹供盘",[217,439,468,438,343,469,470,471,472,441,7,473],"雕漆","勾莲纹","八宝纹","供器","盘","清代风格","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9091dc2cb5dcf601431a9378c7497bc2.jpg",[],{"id":477,"slug":478,"title":479,"dynasty":48,"author":68,"museum":50,"description":364,"tags":480,"thumbUrl":484,"material":192,"size":193,"collection":38,"collections":485,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},246477,"ti-hong-kai-guang-ren-wu-tu-tao-shi-he-yi-ming-246477","剔红开光人物图桃式盒",[217,439,343,481,482,483,7,408],"开光","人物","桃形","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa32f36c7e4ba9eb5e45507d82ba31ba5.jpg",[],{"id":487,"slug":488,"title":489,"dynasty":48,"author":490,"museum":50,"description":491,"tags":492,"thumbUrl":497,"material":38,"size":38,"collection":38,"collections":498,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},238173,"hong-wu-yang-ju-tu-ce-hong-wu-238173","弘旿洋菊图册","弘旿","爱新觉罗·弘旿（1743-1811），清朝宗室、画家。字卓亭，号恕斋，一号醉迂，别号瑶华道人，又号一如居士。康熙帝爱新觉罗·玄烨孙，爱新觉罗·胤秘第二子。封固山贝子，两次缘事革退，复赏封奉恩将军。能诗，工书、画，以三绝称。弘旿工画，师董邦达，自署瑶华道人，名与紫琼道人胤禧并。论者称其“山水得董、黄之妙谛。”永珠既夺爵 [1] ，以弘旿孙绵勋袭贝子。子孙递降，以镇国公世袭。\n观其传世作品，似受董邦达影响为多。此卷笔墨秀润，细皴密擦，林麓滃郁华滋，功力不浅。卷末落“臣”字款，又自称“恭绘”，可见是进御之作。《石渠宝笈》著录弘旿画计有三十多件，内府收藏的估计还有不少。可见弘旿作画之勤，亦可见乾隆对这位同宗兄弟笔墨的赞许。但从流传的弘旿作品看，此卷却是其中极为精彩的一幅，且保存完好，值得珍视。",[24,53,54,25,26,27,493,7,217,494,495,496,56],"菊","工笔花鸟","设色花鸟","洋菊","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffac69ace841a6d886296ada8bac31bdc.jpg",[],{"id":500,"slug":501,"title":502,"dynasty":125,"author":503,"museum":50,"description":504,"tags":505,"thumbUrl":507,"material":38,"size":38,"collection":38,"collections":508,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":62},233587,"shi-zhu-zhai-wu-se-jian-pu-ce-hu-ri-cong-233587","十竹斋五色笺谱册","胡日从","《十竹斋书画谱》，融诗、书、画、印艺术为一体，是木版水印史上的巨制鸿构，有“画苑之白眉，绘林之赤帜”之誉。凡书画、竹、墨华、石、翎毛、梅、兰、果八谱，每谱两册，全帙共十六册，蝴蝶装。\n一为书画册。花卉竹石、翎毛蔬果二十幅，均有对题。谱前有醒天居士《题十竹斋画册小引》和芒砀山人王三德《胡曰从书画谱引》。\n二为竹谱。卷首有《梨云馆竹谱》，分“写竹要语”，“写竹括”和“写竹法”。前半为一画一题，凡竹图二十幅，分作“廻风”、“喜霁”、“带雨”、“凝露”、“贮云”、“笼烟”、“快雪”、“印月”、“怡老”、“启新”、“飞白”、“聚翠”、“紫蓧”、“朱帔”、“崖影”、“石床”、“飨松”、“访菊”、“友梅”、“佩兰”等。后半则为画竹“起手式”。\n三为墨华册。谱中图呈圆光型，对题有绿色“十竹斋琅干笺”竹纹边框。画、题各有二十幅，画面着色细润，气韵生动。谱前有语水乘槎子《十竹斋墨花题辞》。\n四为石谱。画、题各二十幅，谱前有序两篇，一为王三德《阅石谱题言》，一为米芾后人米万钟《石谱题辞》。谱中二十幅画皆为高阳所作。高阳，字秋甫，善花鸟，为万历间写生名手。高阳画奇石尤精，石谱中作品是临摹上版，王三德观后评价极高，以为“天划神缕之巧，嵌空玲珑之致，半幅冰茧，宛具层岩叠嶂、峰峦洞穴，真可以对杨次公矣。”图有墨石、彩石，但均以套版为之，每画都有对应的题赞。\n五为翎毛谱。画、题各二十幅，有杨文骢于“天启丁卯立秋日”所题《翎毛谱小序》，非常精彩地评介了胡氏所施饾版之法：“胡曰从氏巧心妙手，超越前代，以铁笔作颖生，以梨枣代绢素，而其中皴法、染法、点法，及着色之轻重、浅深、远近、离合无不呈妍曲致，穷巧极工。即当行作手观之，定以为写生妙品，不敢作刻画观。”此翎毛谱二十图，画上无名款，从印鉴来看，应全为凌云翰一人所作。凌云翰，字五云，万历、崇祯时人。《明画录》说他善画山水，其实上凌氏花鸟亦善，尤工画石，为胡正言所推许。\n六为梅谱。由玉山进士董继周作序。此册胡正言以“芳信先传”、“飘飘欲仙”、“冰壶掩映”、“暖谷回阳”、“君子之交”、“铁干支春”、“暗香浮动”、“拾翠为钿”、“黄惹蜂腰”、“额上玄功”、“东邻窥宋”、“盟坚寒素”、“香梦沉酣”、“水妃写照”、“玉骨同妍”、“疏影横斜”、“幽人赠佩”、“调脂梅粉”、“宫锦清班”、“寿阳点妆”等二十画题，分别写早梅、风梅、雪梅、枯梅、竹梅、老梅、月梅、松梅、蜡梅、墨梅、过墙梅、倚石梅、烟梅、临水梅、水仙梅、疏梅、兰花梅、茶花梅、杏花梅和落梅，或水墨，或设色，意境、造型与章法，则穷尽变化之能事。每幅画都有对应的题赞。\n七为兰谱。前有涂日昌“兰谱序”和画兰“起手执笔式”，此谱图解兰花，并附小注，颇为详尽，但无题赞。多为墨印，间有彩版，此谱可为之初学之范本。图二十幅，多是临摹赵孟頫等名家之作。\n八为果谱。画、题各二十幅，有西京韩文镜作序。其中“三元”、“朱橘”等图，雕版设计巧妙，可谓匠心独运。\n《十竹斋书画谱》自万历己未（1619年）第一谱《书画册》起，至崇祯癸酉（1633年）第八谱《果谱》止，梓印时间长达十五年之久。每谱有序言，除《竹谱》附写竹诀，《兰谱》附起手式，其余各谱均四十幅，一图一文，以书配画，交相辉映。\n胡正言辑印《十竹斋书画谱》，广交名人时贤，亦自作书画付梓。全谱序、画、诗作者或书法题写者，多达一百五十余人。谱中所辑作品大多是由当时名家如吴彬、倪瑛、魏之克、米万钟、吴士冠、文震亨、高阳、高友等创作的，也有二十多幅画稿是临摹自赵孟頫、唐寅、沈周、文征明、陆治、陈道复等著名书画家的；胡正言自己也曾为谱画稿、题诗，画有“白莲”、“墨梅”、“芝草”三图，诗有“题梅花”、“题兰竹”两首。画谱中所题诗句，笔调清新，咏物抒情，不同程度地反映了诗人们喜爱画谱的心情。题诗大部分都是书写者自己所作，也有借用前人诗句题咏的，如胡正言用唐释无可的咏兰诗题《兰竹图》，西湖仙郎何伟然用徐渭咏榴诗题《石榴图》，竹冠道人应麟用刘禹锡题开元寺枸杞诗书《枸杞诗图》等等。全谱书法篆、隶、行、楷诸体皆备，最多的还是晚明文人流行的行草。这些书迹，大都兼有晋、唐、宋书家的风韵，亦可为后人临池所借鉴。\n醒天居士的《题十竹斋画册小引》把胡正言的爱好、特长及画谱刊印的初衷和艺术水平都进行了叙述：\n“王宰十日一山，五日一石，岂肖形之难哉？山有情，石有态，磅礴得之为难耳。近代画手，千临百摹，如里媪捧心，不揜儿寝，而目食者争售之，大轴小图，祗为壁疥。新安胡曰从氏，清姿博学，既精六书，尤擅众巧。所制隃糜硾茧与所镌法语名言，皆出新裁，赏鉴家多宝爱之。乃竹斋多暇，复创画册。所选皆花果竹石，有关于幽人韵士之癖好者。而写形既妙，设色尤工，至于翠瓣丹柎，葩分蕊折，花之情，竹之姿，与禽虫飞懦之态，奇石云烟之气，展册淋漓，宛然在目。盖淡淡浓浓，篇篇神采；疏疏密密，幅幅乱真，诚画苑之白眉，绘林之赤帜也。然王宰之画妙出毫锥，胡君之画妙出梨枣，是磅礴之心，较王宰更难；而成功之捷，较王宰更简更易，岂不尤奇哉！余故喜而叙之，愿与好事者同赏，仍俟具眼者定价焉。时癸酉年中秋前二日，醒天居士书于十竹斋。”\n《十竹斋书画谱》“绘刻精而奇，谱则巧而该”，在画谱刊行后不久就引起广泛的注意，开始有人仿刻了，以至胡氏声明道“原板珍藏，素遐真赏，近有效颦，恐混鱼目，善价沽者，勿虚藻鉴。”历代重印、翻刻者达二十余种。清代李渔等人辑印的《芥子园画传》也是在它的启发下产生的。",[24,53,54,26,27,506,7,31],"水仙","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8b7df8c002604ffa9fe9cb4e4720f4a0.jpg",[],1777535712490]