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porcelain），又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。明宣德时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。",[23,40,7,41,42,43],"青花","花口碗","博古图","日用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F19f3d71e1b15d4989b77ec67e53cdf0a.jpg","",[],1,"795548",{"id":50,"slug":51,"title":52,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":54,"thumbUrl":58,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":59,"showCount":47,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":32},260665,"jiang-you-ke-hua-mei-ping-yi-ming-260665","酱釉刻花梅瓶","宋代是传统制瓷工艺发展史上一个非常繁荣昌盛的时期。现时已发现的古代陶瓷遗址分布于全国170个县。其中有宋代窑址的就有130个县，占总数的75%。\n陶瓷史家通常将宋代陶瓷窑大致概括为6个瓷窑系，它们分别是：北方地区的定窑系、耀州窑系、钧窑系和磁州窑系；南方地区的龙泉青瓷系和景德镇的青白瓷系。这些窑系一方面具有因受其所在地区使用原材料的影响而具有的特殊性，另一方面又有受帝国时代的政治理念、文化习俗、工艺水平制约而具有的共同性。\n从造型的角度分析，宋瓷的器形较之前代更为丰富多彩，几乎包括了人民日常生活用器的大部分：碗、盘、壶、罐、盒、炉、枕、砚与水注等，其中最为多见的是玉壶春瓶。总的说来，民间用瓷的造型大部分是大方朴实、经济耐用；而宫廷用瓷则端庄典雅、雍容华贵。最能反映皇家气派的是哥、官、钧、汝与定窑口烧制的贡瓷，最能体现百姓喜乐的是磁州、耀州窑口烧制的民间瓷品。\n从纹饰上讲，宋瓷的纹饰题材表现手法都极为丰富独特。一般情况下，龙、凤、鹿、鹤、游鱼、花鸟、婴戏、山水景色等常作为主体纹饰而突现在各类器形的显著部位，而回纹、卷枝卷叶纹、云头纹、钱纹、莲瓣纹等多用作边饰间饰，用以辅助主题纹饰。工匠们用刻、划、剔、画和雕塑等不同技法，在器物上把纹样的神情意态与胎体的方圆长短巧妙结合起来，形成审美与实用的统一整体，令人爱不释手。如婴戏纹，或于碗心、或于瓶腹，将肌肤稚嫩，情态活泼的童子置于花丛之中，或一或二，或三五成群，攀树折花，追逐嬉戏，真切动人，生活气息甚为浓厚。",[23,55,56,57,7],"梅瓶","刻花","梅","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F099b721f6509be82cfae877532699c0e.jpg",[],{"id":61,"slug":62,"title":63,"dynasty":64,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":65,"thumbUrl":68,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":69,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},262234,"jiang-you-zhan-tuo-yi-ming-262234","酱釉盏托","宋",[23,7,66,43,67,24],"盏托","饮酒器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6782a699cb376d117079116ae97e1e5b.jpg",[],{"id":71,"slug":72,"title":73,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":74,"thumbUrl":77,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":78,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},261879,"jia-jing-kuan-jiang-you-wan-yi-ming-261879","嘉靖款酱釉碗",[23,24,43,75,76,7],"饪食器","碗","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F041ac4d7c2c488a3b37747d4d18b8193.jpg",[],{"id":80,"slug":81,"title":82,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":83,"thumbUrl":85,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":86,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},261853,"jia-jing-kuan-jiang-you-pan-yi-ming-261853","嘉靖款酱釉盘",[23,7,84,43,75],"盘","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F77486b26c32440ca6caeb236944275e0.jpg",[],{"id":88,"slug":89,"title":90,"dynasty":64,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":91,"thumbUrl":92,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":93,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},261742,"jiang-you-pan-yi-ming-261742","酱釉盘",[23,7,84,43],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8b8b0e51d42081cefff15f62062cdbbc.jpg",[],{"id":95,"slug":96,"title":97,"dynasty":64,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":98,"thumbUrl":99,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":100,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":101},261480,"jiang-you-zhe-yan-wan-yi-ming-261480","酱釉折沿碗",[23,24,43,75,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8dab3e8b259737bc546b8f85a3158409.jpg",[],"37474F",{"id":103,"slug":104,"title":105,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":106,"thumbUrl":109,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":110,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},261405,"jiang-you-an-hua-chan-zhi-lian-wen-wan-yi-ming-261405","酱釉暗花缠枝莲纹碗",[23,24,43,75,7,107,108,76],"暗花","缠枝莲纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd1ca2b4b67ebe10e637fa6a650097528.jpg",[],{"id":112,"slug":113,"title":114,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":115,"thumbUrl":118,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":45,"collections":119,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":101},261086,"kang-xi-kuan-jiang-you-xian-wen-qian-wan-yi-ming-261086","康熙款酱釉弦纹浅碗",[23,7,116,76,117,75],"弦纹","日用器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F727bb6c9cf432150b28dec4f2c99b12a.jpg",[],{"id":121,"slug":122,"title":123,"dynasty":64,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":124,"tags":125,"thumbUrl":127,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":128,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":48},260875,"yao-zhou-yao-li-jiang-you-wai-qing-you-wan-yi-ming-260875","耀州窑里酱釉外青釉碗","耀州窑是中国传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，宋代六大窑系。位于今陕西省铜川市的黄堡镇，唐宋时属耀州治，在唐代就是中国陶瓷烧制的著名产地，宋代更进一步达到鼎盛，成为我国“宋代六大窑系”中的一个窑系。\n耀州窑是北方青瓷的代表。唐代开始烧制黑釉、白釉、青釉、茶叶末釉和白釉绿彩、褐彩、黑彩以及三彩陶器等。宋、金以青瓷为主。北宋是耀州的鼎盛时期，据记载且为朝廷烧造“贡瓷”。金代延续北宋时期继续发展，元代开始转型，走向末落，经明代、清代，终于民国。\n耀州窑始于唐代，北宋末为鼎盛期，宋代六大窑系，终于民国。其窑址位于陕西省铜川市黄堡镇，旧称同官，宋代时属耀州，故名“耀州窑”，包括陈炉镇、立地镇、上店镇及玉华宫等窑在内。是宋代北方民间青瓷的主要产区之一。\n宋代晚期以青瓷为主，胎薄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