[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":132},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-jiao":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},906,"jiao","蕉","蕉画高清赏析","精选中国历代蕉题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F52df2383da1ba62abd5515d29ea2bab1.jpg",0,7,[14,36,50,72,88,102,118],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":28,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":32,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},236310,"zhu-jiao-tu-zhou-zhu-da-236310","竹蕉图轴","清","朱耷","藏地不详","朱耷（1626－1706），族名朱统筌，有雪个、个山、人屋、道朗、八大山人等别号。 “八大”二字，据人解释有“哭之”、“笑之”，哭笑不得的意思。南昌人。明末清初卓越的大画家。他是明太祖朱元璋第十六子朱权的九世孙。朱权封宁王于南昌，繁衍八支，朱耷属弋阳王支，袭封辅国中尉。他的父祖都善书画，因此朱耷从小就受到艺术陶冶。八岁能作诗，十一岁能画青绿山水，少时能悬腕写米家小楷。弱冠为诸生。明亡以后，他抱着对清王朝不满的态度，在奉新县耕香庵落发为僧，时年二十三岁。后隐居进贤县介冈及永丰县睦冈等地。顺治末年，当他三十六岁时潜回南昌，创建青云圃道院，花了六、七年时间，才使这坐道院初具规模，并在这里过着“一衲无余”与“吾侣徙耕田凿井”的劳动生活。他想把这里造成一块世外桃源，以求达到他向来“欲觅一个自在场头”的愿望。但这个“自在场头”毕竟是建立在清王朝统治之下，“门外不必来车马”是不可能的。因为常有清朝权贵来此骚扰，他常浪迹他方。\n康熙十七年他五十三岁时，临川县令胡亦堂闻其名，便延请他随其僧长饶宇朴等到临川官舍作客年余。这使他十分苦恼郁愤，遂佯为疯癫，撕裂僧服，独自走回南昌。一年多后，他又回到青云谱，并在这里度过“花甲华诞”。当他六十二岁时，不再做住持，便把道院交给他的道徒涂若愚主持。后又隐避在南昌附近的北兰寺、开元观等处。并常卖画度日。后来自筑陋室，名“寤歌草”堂。叶丹居章江有《过八大山人》一诗云：“一室寤歌处，萧萧满席尘蓬蒿藏户暗，诗画入禅真。遗世逃名老，残山剩水身。青门旧业在，零落种瓜人”。他是孤寂贫寒地在这个环堵萧然的草堂中度过了他的晚年。\n八大山人一生以主要的精力从事绘画，他襟怀浩落，慷慨啸歌。由于时代特点和身世遭遇，他抱着对清王朝誓不妥协的态度，把满腔悲愤发泄于书画之中。所以画中出现是鼓腹的鸟，瞪眼的鱼，甚至禽鸟一足着地，以示与清廷势不两立，眼珠向上，以状白眼向青天。他常常把“八大山人”四个字联缀起来草写，形似“哭之”、“笑之”字样。他还有很多隐晦艰涩的诗句跋语，表示对清廷极端的仇恨和蔑视。\n他的作品，表现了鲜明的爱和憎。如脍灸人口的《孔雀图》及其题诗：“孔雀名花雨竹屏，竹梢强半墨生成；如何了得论三耳，恰是逢春坐二更。”辛辣地讽刺了那班头戴三眼花翎乌纱帽的汉族大地主屈膝求荣、投降新主子的奴才丑态。有一幅山水册页题云：“郭家皴法云头小，董老麻皮树上多；想见时人解图画，一峰还写宋山河。”他称慕五代北宁间画家董源、郭熙，以其独特笔墨描绘没有受外族侵凌的宋朝江山，而激发起热爱故国的思想感情。《鹊石图轴》（现藏画家八大山人纪念馆），画中描绘着两只喜鹊立于大石之上，究其画意，具有鹊巢鸠占，翔集浣磐的含义。《诗.召南.鹊巢》云：“维鹊有巢，维鸠居之。”传云：“尸鸠不自为巢，居鹊之成巢。”八大山人作此喻以讽刺清贵不善自谋而强占别人地主。并着意表现双鹊集栖于磐石之上，这不是尸鸠可以占据和动摇得了的。他常画的莲荷松石、梅兰竹菊、芦雁凫鹤、鱼鸭鹰鹿等等，大都象征他性格的倔强与高风亮节。他一生坚不为清廷权贵画一花一大石，而一般农民、贫士、山僧、小儿却很容易得到他的作品，这种不屈于权势的精神，历来为人们赞赏与称颂。\n八大山人在艺术上有杰出的成就。他以绘画为中心，对于书法、诗跋、篆刻也都有很高的造诣。在绘画上他以大笔水墨写意画著称，并善于泼墨，尤以花鸟画称美于世。在创作上他取法自然，笔墨简炼，大气磅礴，独具新意，创造了高旷纵横的风格。三百年来，凡大笔写意画派都或多或少受了他的影响。清代张庚评他的画达到了“拙规矩于方圆，鄙精研于彩绘”的境界。他作画主张“省”，有时满幅大纸只画一鸟或一石，寥寥数笔，神情毕具。他的书法具有劲健秀畅的气格。篆刻形体古朴，独成格局。\n朱耷在形成自己风格的发展过程中，继承了前代的优良传统，又自辟蹊径。他的花鸟画，远宗五代徐熙的野逸画风和宋文人画家的兰竹墨梅，也受明林良、吕纪、陆治的技法影响，尤致意青藤白阳的粗放画风。他的山水画，远尚南朝宗炳，又师法董、巨、米芾、倪、黄以至董其昌等人的江南山水。在书法方面，他精研石鼓文，刻意临写汉、魏、晋、唐以来的诸家法帖，尤以王羲之的为多。\n朱耷绘画艺术的特点大致说来是以形写情，变形取神；着墨简淡，运笔奔放；布局疏朗，意境空旷；精力充沛，气势雄壮。他的形式和技法是他的真情实感的最好的一种表现。\n朱耷对艺术修养与功力铸锻，正如他自己所说的：“读书至万卷，此心乃无惑；如行路万里，转见大手笔。”他认为画事有如登高，“必频登而后可以无惧”，说明他对艺术不断磨炼的精神。清初画坛在革新与保守的对峙中，八大山人是革新派“四大画僧”中起了突出作用的一人。为了纪念这位大画家，解放后已在南昌市青云谱建立了“画家八大山人纪馆”。朱耷的艺术已经在东方尤其在日本以至世界画坛引起了很大的反映。八大山人的书画有少作品，已不复得见。如：《荷塘戏禽图卷》、《河上花并题图卷》、《鱼鸭图卷》、《鱼乐图卷》、《杂花图卷》以及《杨柳浴禽图轴》、《芙蓉芦雁图轴》、《大石游鱼图轴》、《双鹰图轴》、《古梅图轴》、《墨松图轴》、《秋荷图轴》、《芭蕉竹石图轴》、《椿鹿图轴》、《快雪时晴图轴》、《幽溪泛舟图轴》、《四帧绢本浅绛山水大屏》，以及许多条幅，册页中的花鸟鱼鸭，山水树石等。书法方面有《临兰亭序轴》、《临“临河叙”四屏》，以及各大家法帖和行草诗书轴册等，都在国内外的博物馆、院中珍藏。",[23,24,25,26,7,27],"国画","立轴","水墨","竹","印章","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd62eeee4764011b2c51b52909de9dad7.jpg","","纵220.5厘米 横88厘米","花鸟画精选",[31,33],"水墨画精选",129,"BDBDBD",{"id":37,"slug":38,"title":39,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":41,"thumbUrl":45,"material":29,"size":29,"collection":31,"collections":46,"showCount":47,"zanCount":48,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},237923,"jiao-lu-tu-zhou-zhu-da-237923","蕉鹿图轴","八大山人的花鸟画深受林良、陈淳、徐谓等大家的影响，他的作品特别强调缘物寄情，因而个性极为鲜明。这种种孤僻、冷漠、悲愤、反常、怪异的特征，当然是他奇特艺术风格的具体化。而这种表象下折射出来的，正是画家一种有别于常人的人格心理。",[23,24,25,42,43,44,7],"写意","兽","鹿","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F232ee521beeb95700367cfecb5b3cbb7.jpg",[31,33],102,1,"795548",{"id":51,"slug":52,"title":53,"dynasty":54,"author":55,"museum":56,"description":57,"tags":58,"thumbUrl":68,"material":29,"size":29,"collection":31,"collections":69,"showCount":71,"zanCount":48,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},222126,"jiao-yin-qin-si-tu-shen-zhou-222126","蕉阴琴思图","明","沈周","台北故宫博物院","一块长形的太湖石，一株高大翠绿的芭蕉，下坐一名高士扶琴静思，左上题诗日：“焦下不生暑，坐生知古心。抱琴未须鼓，天地自知音。”落款长洲沈周。整幅作品笔简意赅，虽墨点无多却意蕴凿凿、余味深长，布局与《秋林独步图》如出一辙，其悠然自得之情跃然方寸。",[59,60,23,61,62,25,63,64,65,7,66,67,27],"高清","名画","书画","扇面","设色","人物","孤石","乐器","书法","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcebd64831ee8b273146574817aaefdc3.jpg",[31,70],"设色画精选",38,{"id":73,"slug":74,"title":75,"dynasty":54,"author":76,"museum":77,"description":78,"tags":79,"thumbUrl":83,"material":84,"size":85,"collection":29,"collections":86,"showCount":87,"zanCount":48,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},216262,"ming-za-hua-ce-3-wang-zhong-216262","明杂画册-3","汪中","私人收藏","汪中指的是汪建中（1501-1593年），他是明朝时期的一位著名画家。明杂画册是指他绘制的一组绘画作品集，通常指其中一部名为《汪中杂画册》的作品。《汪中杂画册》是一部非常著名的画册，由汪建中在明朝末期绘制而成。它共有24册，收录了许多他的绘画作品，包括花卉、山水、虫鸟、人物等。这些作品都非常精美，被认为是中国画史上的杰作。《汪中杂画册》目前被认为是中国明朝时期最重要的画册之一，并被认为是中国画史上的经典之作。",[23,61,80,63,81,64,7,82],"册","工笔","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffba8e59e04eaca034ecd6317926d000e.jpg","纸本,设色","30x27cm",[],32,{"id":89,"slug":90,"title":91,"dynasty":54,"author":92,"museum":20,"description":93,"tags":94,"thumbUrl":97,"material":98,"size":99,"collection":29,"collections":100,"showCount":101,"zanCount":48,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},230955,"xue-jiao-tu-ye-chen-hong-shou-230955","雪蕉图页","陈洪绶","插图》《水浒叶子》《博古叶子》等版刻传世，工诗善书，有《宝纶堂集》。",[60,23,61,80,81,63,7,65,95,96,27],"雪","花","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F874e621d854c924252505ec09a442862.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm",[],29,{"id":103,"slug":104,"title":105,"dynasty":54,"author":106,"museum":20,"description":107,"tags":108,"thumbUrl":115,"material":29,"size":29,"collection":29,"collections":116,"showCount":117,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},228345,"jiao-lin-yi-qu-tu-chen-guan-228345","蕉林易趣图","陈祼","此作以蕉林铺就幽凉底色，阔叶舒展扶苏，浓荫笼住一隅清境。近处方石上，高士坦卧枕臂静观书卷，旁侧茶盏轻置，将卧读忘忧的闲逸缓缓铺陈。右侧柴扉半掩，篱墙隐现，衬出幽居的静穆私密。远景山峦以淡墨晕染，朦胧悠远，与近景繁密蕉叶形成虚实对照，拉开疏密错落的空间层次。笔墨苍秀温润，线条清劲兼具柔润，点染间尽显园林小景的雅逸，将寄情林泉、耽于闲逸的心境融于尺幅之间，隐逸意趣悠长内敛。",[59,23,24,25,109,110,7,111,112,113,114],"皴法","山水","树木","茅屋","流水","山石","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faad90adfea8e7ab7fd9c6c9596f3a350.jpg",[],8,{"id":119,"slug":120,"title":121,"dynasty":18,"author":122,"museum":20,"description":123,"tags":124,"thumbUrl":130,"material":98,"size":99,"collection":29,"collections":131,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},252345,"lv-jing-jiao-shi-hua-cha-yi-ming-252345","绿晶蕉石花插","佚名","此作取莹润绿晶为材，质地清透如春水初漾，自带朦胧清辉。作者以圆雕与透雕技法相糅，将蕉叶与湖石错落构景。蕉叶舒展柔婉，隐刻筋脉将叶片鲜活之态尽显，仿佛清风拂过便会轻晃；湖石则嶙峋苍劲，皴皱棱角皆具朴拙意趣。\n\n柔媚蕉叶与硬挺湖石一柔一刚，相映成趣，把江南庭院的蕉石小景凝缩于方寸。置于案头，恍若能见蕉荫疏风、石畔幽凉，将文人心底的山水襟怀藏入这方清供，雅韵自生，尽显旧时文房陈设的逸致。",[125,126,7,127,128,129],"玉石","雕刻","石","器","清代","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1f3eb3f1074d266a2f276b81e29d950d.jpg",[],1777535742473]