[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":127},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-jin-po":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},1083,"jin-po","近坡","近坡画高清赏析","精选中国历代近坡题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F68d104727d50b1c97c678efa22c0a9de.jpg",0,6,[14,47,73,88,104,117],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":38,"material":39,"size":40,"collection":41,"collections":42,"showCount":44,"zanCount":45,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},221795,"chun-shan-tu-juan-shang-qi-221795","春山图卷","元","商琦","北京故宫博物院","署款“曹南商琦德符”。鉴藏印钤清乾隆、嘉庆、宣统诸帝玺，共计8方。\n此图是商琦唯一存世的署款之作。远景峰峦叠翠，烟笼雾罩；近景丛林杂树，着春染绿；远景、近景之间衬以沙碛古桥，更添空阔苍茫之势。图中所绘物象众多，展现了作者较为全面的技法和营势造型的能力。近景山石刻画细致，先以浓墨勾轮廓，然后以汁绿晕染石面，既显示出岩石的纹理结构，更洋溢出山川间的一派春意。远景群峰则以浓淡墨或花青晕染为主，浑莽一片的山峦为全画烘托出雄伟壮阔的气势。点景树木皆苍郁深秀，但表现笔法富于变化，其近树以干、湿笔双勾树干和树叶，画法工整，近似于南宋院体绘画风格；远树或以侧锋横点，或以中锋竖点，只具树貌不具树形。近树、远树虽形态各异，但却共同装点出万物勃发、遍山染翠的春之景象。这是一幅形式美与意韵美高度统一的山水佳作。\n著录于清内府《石渠宝笈初编》。\n此卷原藏清宫内府，宣统年流入民间，解放后归国家文物局所有，后由文物局拨交故宫博物院。1958年，经由故宫博物院修复专家重新揭裱，令它恢复了旧貌。",[23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,7,37],"高清","国画","名画","书画","长卷","设色","皴法","山水","山","水","树木","云雾","岩石","远峰","草木","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F548dc4fc12cf23b6dda3d1f9b39b1d44.jpg","绢本，设色","纵39.6厘米，横214.5厘米","山水画精选",[41,43],"设色画精选",1751,16,"795548",{"id":48,"slug":49,"title":50,"dynasty":51,"author":52,"museum":20,"description":53,"tags":54,"thumbUrl":65,"material":66,"size":67,"collection":41,"collections":68,"showCount":70,"zanCount":71,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":72},220967,"gao-yi-tu-zhou-dong-qi-chang-220967","高逸图轴","明","董其昌","明万历四十四年(1616年)三月，董其昌正赋闲居家。由于其子与乡民发生冲突，导致其宅被焚，家资尽丧，此即著名的“民抄董宦”事件。董其昌被迫避祸他乡，惶惶往来于吴兴、镇江之间。虽然半年后事态逐渐平息，但董似乎心有余悸，仍旧频频四出游历、访友。此图即为第二年董氏去镇江、太湖间的练湖畔访其旧友蒋道枢，与蒋氏泛舟荆溪时的即兴之作，颇似当年倪瓒弃家隐居太湖时的心境。董其昌此图采用了倪氏典型的笔墨技法，湖滨两岸的浅坡及山丘皆以干笔淡墨施以折带皴，行笔以侧锋为主，笔墨苍逸，极好地表达出倪画中萧散简远的意境，同时也反映了作者晚年身历劫乱后的苍凉心绪。但作者又非简单地仿古，近岸数株盘屈虬结的古木就充分体现了作者独特的艺术创造。董氏画树有其独到的见解，他在《画禅室随笔》中写道：“画树之法，须专以转折为主……如写字之于转笔用力，更不可往而不收……但画一尺树，更不可令有半寸之直，须笔笔转去。此秘诀也。”树过于直，不免枯燥、呆板，有曲折才见变化、生意。观此图之树，确实起到了点醒画面的作用。近景之树，不仅是连接两岸的桥梁，填补了湖面的大片空白，同时也是作者刻意表现的另一主要物象，它们攲侧的走势以及相互之间纠结牵引的姿态，都使冷寂空阔的景色趋于活跃，表现了董其昌多方面的笔墨技巧。",[23,24,26,55,56,30,33,57,29,58,59,60,7,61,62,63,64],"立轴","水墨","山石","行书","题跋","远山","枯树","坡石","山峦","书法","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6c9da1c4b4b98526a13f16aa2f526b92.jpg","纸本,墨笔","纵89.5厘米，横51.6厘米",[41,69],"水墨画精选",88,1,"BDBDBD",{"id":74,"slug":75,"title":76,"dynasty":51,"author":52,"museum":77,"description":78,"tags":79,"thumbUrl":82,"material":83,"size":84,"collection":41,"collections":85,"showCount":86,"zanCount":71,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":87},220896,"jiu-feng-han-cui-tu-dong-qi-chang-220896","九峰寒翠图","天津博物馆","董其昌书法上有“邢张米董”之称，即把他与临邑邢侗、晋江张瑞图、须天米钟并列；绘画上有南董北米之说。莫是龙、陈继儒提倡“南北宗”之说，即把“院体”山水画与“文人画”分为南北两派。董其昌一生创作的书画作品不可胜数，临仿古人的绘画和诗帖是其中的一个重要部分。他在《画禅室随笔》中所说的“读万卷书”正是指一个人要想成为艺术家，必须学习传统，学习古人。他17岁开始学习书法时临写颜真卿的《多宝塔》，22岁学习绘画时师法黄公望，以后又遍学诸家，这种以古人为师的作法八十而不辍，伴其终生。他广泛吸取对唐宋元诸家优长，抉精探微，使其书画取得了超越古人的艺术成就。\n在研习经史之余，董其昌与同僚诸友切磋书画技艺，纵论古今，品评高下。又从韩世能那里借阅晋、唐、宋、元法帖宝绘，心摹手追，有时废寝忘餐，因而学问大进，开始在京中有些名气。在家乡，董其昌筑“来仲楼”、“宝鼎斋”、“戏鸿堂”、“画禅室”、“香光室”等，牙签玉轴，左图右史，置身其中，著书立说，探究古今书画艺术。他不遗余力地搜集王羲之、王献之、谢安、桓温、赵佶、米芾诸名家法书，于万历三十一年（1603年）刊刻《戏鸿堂法帖》行世。病休松江时期，他正值四十余岁的盛年，广闻博识，采集众长，悠居林泉，心闲手熟，创作了《葑泾访古图》《鹤林春社图》《浮岚暖翠图》《神楼图》《西湖八景图》《溪回路转图》等许多描绘江南风光的著名山水画。\n董其昌强调以古人为师，但反对单纯机械地模拟蹈袭。随着阅历的增加、思想的成熟，他在继承前人技法时不倚傍他人庑下“作重台”，而是有选择地取舍，融入自己的创意。他认为如果离开了自己的创意，古人的精神也难以表达，故应以自己独创的形式再现古人的“风神”。凭借自己对古人书画技法得失的深刻体会，他摄取众家之法，按己意运笔挥洒，融合变化，达到了自成家法的化境。\n董其昌的山水画大体有两种面貌，一种是水墨或兼用浅绛法，这种面貌的作品比较常见；另一种则是青绿设色，时有出以没骨，比较少见。他十分注重师法古人的传统技法，题材变化较少，但在笔和墨的运用上，有独特的造诣。他的绘画作品，经常是临仿宋元名家的画法，并在题识中加以标榜，虽然处处讲摹古，并不是泥古不化，而是能够脱窠臼，自成风格，其画法特点，在师承古代名家的基础上，以书法的笔墨修养，融会于绘画的皴、擦、点划之中，因而他所作山川树石、烟云流润，柔中有骨力，转折灵变，墨色层次分明，拙中带秀，清隽雅逸，他在天启二年，67岁时临摹北宋范宽的《溪山行旅图》采取青绿设色、水墨兼并浅绛的综合绘画技艺手法，充分表现出他的人物工笔精湛、山水风格独特画坛艺术自然传承的巨匠魅力。他的画风在当时声望显著，成为“华亭派”的首领。\n董其昌特别讲求用墨的技巧，水墨画兼擅泼墨、惜墨的手法，浓淡、干湿自然合拍，着墨不多，却意境深邃，韵味无穷；无须炫异矜奇，而真气横溢，充塞纸间。董其昌的设色山水，或用杨升没骨法，从彩笔代替墨笔，完成线条、轮廓、钩、勒、皴、擦，尽态极妍，不为刻画；或仿黄公望的浅绛法，参以赵大年、赵孟頫的青绿法，别树一格，层次分明，淡雅清新，生机盎然。\n董其昌作画强调写意，使绮丽多姿的山水显得有些捉襟见肘的色彩。但是他兼长书法、诗文，每每绘完山水，题以诗文，行楷簇簇如行蚕，闪闪如迅霆飞电，全图诗、书，画相映成趣，和谐一致，更富有抒情意境。董氏的创作，因而成为文人画追求意境的典范。",[23,25,24,26,55,56,28,29,30,61,57,60,7,33,80,81],"枝干","坡地","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F00897204c426cfaa8bef08fe4ba772cf.jpg","绢本 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