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这一时期，以唐朝为典型，玉带是唐朝三品及以上的身份象征。这一时期也称为官玉时代，玉带的使用通常为达官贵人。在此期间，玉带越来越追求它的精致。在中国玉文化史上，唐朝是玉器发展一个重要阶段，唐朝国力鼎盛，玉器豪华尊贵是身份的象征，此时的玉器散发雍华大度的浪漫气息。\n唐宋时期，各种玉器出现，明清时期开始流行。这一时期，玉的生态美和工艺美开始结合。在这个时期，玉与人的距离亲近。玉不仅被欣赏和使用，而且人们开始佩戴它。这时，中国玉文化达到了一个顶峰时期，即赏玉玩玉的时期。\n清朝乾隆年间，乾隆皇帝非常喜爱玉，在他执政时期，乾隆命人制作了大禹治水玉山，这座大玉山清宫中最大的玉雕。这一时期，达官贵人都热衷于收藏玉器，全民掀起了藏玉热潮，被称为藏玉时期。\n从20世纪80年代初开始，玉石开始走向经济市场，走向人们的生活任何人都可以参与玉石的加工和收藏。越来越多的人佩戴玉石，各种玉石饰品在市场上流通，经过几千年的发展，玉器终于进入了开放期。\n中国古代玉器历史悠久，绚烂夺目底蕴深厚，在世界文明史和艺术史上首屈一指，辉煌灿烂，熠熠生辉，以上简单梳理了中国玉器的发展历史和演变过程，目的在让我们更加热爱我们的传统玉器文化，增强我们的民族自信心，让我们伟大的中华文化和伟大的工匠精神永远屹立于世界之巅。",[96,82,7,97,98,99,100],"玉石","螭纹","仿西周风格","兽面纹","器附件","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2e2116ec6f57a57d12c957d54897d170.jpg",[],{"id":104,"slug":105,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":107,"thumbUrl":112,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":113,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},267004,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267004","石青色缎平金银锁绣灵芝团寿纹椭圆荷包",[108,23,109,24,110,111,7,26],"荷包","日用具","平金银绣","锁绣","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0e2d3098ba9ab454600f14d98eff4480.jpg",[],1,{"id":116,"slug":117,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":118,"thumbUrl":121,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":122,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":74},267003,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267003",[23,108,110,111,7,26,119,120],"缎料","刺绣","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa64a433759cc9eb8078f44b39b047455.jpg",[],{"id":124,"slug":125,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":126,"thumbUrl":129,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":130,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},266998,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-hu-lu-shi-he-bao-yi-ming-266998",[23,108,111,127,7,26,128,24],"平金","葫芦式","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa5cf17bdfd30ceecbe1cdfa1f8649c23.jpg",[],{"id":132,"slug":133,"title":134,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":135,"thumbUrl":138,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":139,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},266995,"hong-se-duan-ping-jin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-chang-shou-zi-wen-yao-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-266995","红色缎平金锁绣灵芝长寿字纹腰圆荷包",[23,109,24,111,127,7,136,137],"长寿字纹","腰圆荷包","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9105c18bc90bf4d3ba687c620c6be6e9.jpg",[],{"id":141,"slug":142,"title":143,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":144,"tags":145,"thumbUrl":148,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":149,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},266781,"shi-qing-se-duan-pan-tao-ling-zhi-cao-wen-zao-xie-yi-ming-266781","石青色缎盘绦灵芝草纹皂鞋","皂鞋民国初年盛行于平、津、鲁各地，鞋帮为两片，平底或布制，脸极浅，口作尖形，鞋帮窄浅，常制用青色制造，所以故名为皂鞋",[146,24,120,7,147],"衣帽","日用品","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ff4937a66915d9521731327d913758865.jpg",[],{"id":151,"slug":152,"title":153,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":154,"tags":155,"thumbUrl":159,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":160,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},261389,"bai-you-ke-hua-pan-chi-ling-zhi-wen-lian-kou-ping-yi-ming-261389","白釉刻花蟠螭灵芝纹莲口瓶","将不含金属氧化物呈色元素的釉料施于胎骨洁白的器物上，入窑高温烧制而成的透明釉， 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。白釉是瓷器传统釉色之一,真正的白釉应该是乳白色的乳浊釉,这种釉是近代才发明的。我国古代仅有元代枢府釉是失透的,其他白釉并不是白色的釉,\n白釉烧制工艺比青釉复杂，出现的时间也较青釉晚，一般瓷土和釉料，都或多或少含有一些氧化铁，器物烧出后必然呈现出深浅不同的青色来。如果釉料中的铁元素含量小于0.75%，烧出来的就会是白釉。\n白釉最早出现在汉代，比青釉瓷器晚了400多年，白釉瓷器开始是青白色的，因为瓷器中铁的含量高于1%就是青色的，少于1%就是白瓷了，所以中国白瓷经历青瓷、青白瓷、卵白釉、甜白釉、象牙白、白釉的发展过程。中国历史上白瓷产地有德化白瓷、定窑白瓷以及刑窑白瓷等。",[43,45,156,157,7,158],"刻花","蟠螭","白釉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fabe755d67ecb35ce6be1aa6698e714f8.jpg",[],{"id":162,"slug":163,"title":164,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":165,"tags":166,"thumbUrl":171,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":172,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},258300,"fan-hong-cai-chan-zhi-ling-zhi-wen-die-yi-ming-258300","矾红彩缠枝灵芝纹碟","白釉莹润匀净，如凝脂映光。底足以青花勾勒回纹，工整流丽，自带沉静清雅的底色。外壁矾红缠枝灵芝蜿蜒舒展，红彩鲜亮饱和，线条柔婉却力道匀停，灵芝瓣叶饱满灵动，缠枝往复绵连，暗合福寿绵长的吉意。\n\n整器造型浅腹敞口，圈足利落秀挺，胎质轻薄坚密，将釉色的净、青花的雅、矾红的艳融于一身，配色明快和谐，纹饰疏密得宜，既有制式的规整克制，又带着雅致柔和的文人情趣，尽显彩瓷造作的精妙意趣。",[18,43,167,168,7,169,170],"矾红彩","缠枝纹","碟","设色","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F919096e57180ef6a7ec2ac5ed44dfa2d.jpg",[],{"id":174,"slug":175,"title":176,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":177,"tags":178,"thumbUrl":180,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":181,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},250536,"kong-que-shi-ling-zhi-shi-xi-yi-ming-250536","孔雀石灵芝式洗","取灵芝为形，随石就势巧作而成。莹润浓绿的石色如翠玉凝脂，天然生成的同心圆纹理似翠色涟漪，在器面层层晕开，将造物天趣藏于其中。一侧浮雕芝茎兽首，朴拙灵动，与整体器形浑然相融，不见雕琢生硬之感。\n\n作为文房清供，它将孔雀石的自然肌理与文人雅趣相合，静立案头，幽幽翠色晕染出古雅文韵，既有山野灵芝的清灵意态，又藏石材天生的秀润风华，为书案添一抹沉静雅致的生机。",[41,96,82,45,7,179],"文房用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3bf61e9393b0b7753b67b5715db275bf.jpg",[],{"id":183,"slug":184,"title":185,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":186,"tags":187,"thumbUrl":194,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":195,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},242089,"yin-du-jin-ling-zhi-wen-zan-yi-ming-242089","银镀金灵芝纹簪","发簪，中国古代汉族人民用来固定和装饰头发的一种首饰。对于现代人来说已经是一个很古老的名词了，但是当在看古装剧时，却总是能被它们点缀出的精致效果所折服。\n将长发松松挽起，插上一枚别致的发簪，再配上典雅的长裙，即便性格再外放的女性，也可以成为让人眼前一亮的古典美人。发簪金属的光泽闪耀在发间，加上小而巧的坠饰，长发的风情便又是一种不一样的感受了。",[41,188,189,68,190,7,191,192,70,193,23],"银镀金工艺","镶嵌工艺","珐琅","祥云纹","宝石","金器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0823c4d0b85a1ae9fc900ecae2e982ec.jpg",[],{"id":197,"slug":198,"title":199,"dynasty":54,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":55,"tags":200,"thumbUrl":10,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":202,"showCount":114,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},223933,"qing-hua-ling-zhi-wen-kui-hua-shi-bei-yi-ming-223933","青花灵芝纹葵花式杯",[43,57,7,201,58],"葵花式",[],{"id":204,"slug":205,"title":206,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":207,"tags":208,"thumbUrl":212,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":213,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},275858,"bai-yu-yu-bi-zhi-lan-ce-yi-ming-275858","白玉御笔芝兰册","古文云:“石之美，谓之玉”，中国古代玉器多用于祭祀、佩戴、陪葬等场景。玉石因其细腻的质地和优雅的外观而在历史上享有盛誉。同时，玉器被赋予了“玉树临风”、“温润如玉”等多种品质，成为道德的体现。自古以来，它就有着厚重的文化含蕴。\n玉器在中国文化中起着无法替代的作用，可以说，纵观中国文明史，玉从石器时代一直到现在都发挥着不可忽视的重要的作用。让我们走进历史上玉器的更迭。\n在中国历史长河中，玉原本是以一种装饰品为主要作用。新石器时代中后期后，小玉器地位逐渐被大玉器所取代，大玉器是政治意义的体现。当时古人受中封建等级观念和原始宗教观念的影响，人们将其观念逐渐渗透到玉器中，这时中国玉文化的玉器主流时期正式到来。\n据考古学发现，新石器时代晚期，出土了大量玉琮。在这一时期的玉器，被赋予通灵天地之间神器的作用。它是与天地之神沟通的一种工具，在重大祭祀活动中，玉是作为交流的媒介。这个时代也是玉器神器时代。\n从春秋战国到汉代，玉被视为统治者身份的象征，其中最著名的是和氏璧，秦王愿意用十五座城市进行交换，秦始皇用这块和氏璧铸了御玺。那个时候谁有传国之令，就被视为一国之君的前兆，如同金庸小说中倚天剑屠龙刀的地位一样，可以率统天下。\n根据考古发现，汉代时期的墓葬中出土了金缕玉衣，这是汉代玉器的一个特殊时期，也可以称之为明玉时代，在此期间墓葬中使用了各种玉衣和蝉。汉朝玉器的黄金时代。\n以唐朝为典型，玉带是唐朝三品及以上的身份象征。这一时期也称为官玉时代，玉带的使用通常为达官贵人。在此期间，玉带越来越追求它的精致。在中国玉文化史上，唐朝是玉器发展一个重要阶段，唐朝国力鼎盛，玉器豪华尊贵是身份的象征，此时的玉器散发雍华大度的浪漫气息。\n唐宋时期，各种玉器出现，明清时期开始流行。这一时期，玉的生态美和工艺美开始结合。在这个时期，玉与人的距离亲近。玉不仅被欣赏和使用，而且人们开始佩戴它。这时，中国玉文化达到了一个顶峰时期，即赏玉玩玉的时期。\n清朝乾隆年间，乾隆皇帝非常喜爱玉，在他执政时期，乾隆命人制作了大禹治水玉山，这座大玉山清宫中最大的玉雕。这一时期，达官贵人都热衷于收藏玉器，全民掀起了藏玉热潮，被称为藏玉时期。\n从20世纪80年代初开始，玉石开始走向经济市场，走向人们的生活任何人都可以参与玉石的加工和收藏。越来越多的人佩戴玉石，各种玉石饰品在市场上流通，经过几千年的发展，玉器终于进入了开放期。\n玉器经历7000多年的发展，从简单的装饰品发展到古代宗教祭拜、礼仪用品，再到象征高尚道德品质的装饰品，最后上升为丰富的艺术鉴赏作品，深入反映了不同历史时期的社会发展演变过程。",[209,82,45,210,96,211,7],"木质","册","芝兰","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fac7ee7833f879dbe38790297de913c48.jpg",[],{"id":215,"slug":216,"title":217,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":79,"tags":218,"thumbUrl":221,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":222,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},269450,"mu-ke-qian-long-yu-ti-ling-zhi-shi-ru-yi-yi-ming-269450","木刻乾隆御题灵芝式如意",[45,209,219,82,83,7,220],"木刻","书法","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F967ef4d1b8e33e4d4a945e93eeea42cd.jpg",[],{"id":224,"slug":225,"title":226,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":227,"tags":228,"thumbUrl":229,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":230,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":231},269364,"zi-tan-diao-ling-zhi-shi-pan-yi-ming-269364","紫檀雕灵芝式盘","用漆涂在各种器物的表面上所制成的日常器具及工艺品、美术品等，一般称为“漆器”。生漆是从漆树割取的天然液汁，主要由漆酚、漆酶、树胶质及水分构成。用它作涂料，有耐潮、耐高温、耐腐蚀等特殊功能，又可以配制出不同色漆，光彩照人。在中国，从新石器时代起就认识了漆的性能并用以制器。历经商周直至明清，中国的漆器工艺不断发展，达到了相当高的水平。中国的炝金、描金等工艺品，对日本等地都有深远影响。漆器是中国古代在化学工艺及工艺美术方面的重要发明。\n中国古代漆器的工艺，早在新石器时代就已经出现，夏代的木胎漆器不仅用于日常生活，也用于祭祀，并常用朱、黑二色来髹涂。殷商时代已有“石器雕琢，觞酌刻镂”的漆艺。1973年河南成蒿成台西村商代遗址中出土的漆器残片，在木胎上雕饰饕餮纹，并涂上朱、黑两色的漆。 [2]\n西晋以后到南北朝，由于佛教的盛行，出现利用夹纻工艺所造的大型佛像，此时的漆工艺被用来为宗教信仰服务，夹纻胎漆器也因而发展。所谓的夹纻是以漆灰和麻布造型作为漆胎，胎骨轻巧而坚牢。\n唐代经济发达文化繁荣，种种因素使工艺美术也随之发达，在艺术、技术以及生产上，皆远超过前期。唐朝漆器大放异彩，呈现出华丽的风格，漆器制作技术也往富丽方向发展，金银平脱、螺钿、雕漆等制作费时、价格昂贵的技法在当时极为盛行。\n宋代漆器的制胎和髹饰技艺已经十分成熟，当时不仅官方设有专门生产机构，民间制作漆器也很普遍。漆器所制作的器皿，样式多且富变化，造型简朴，表现出器物结构比例之美。一般而言，宋代漆器以素色静谧为主。\n明代时期的工艺美术跨入新的阶段，官方设厂专制御用的各种漆器，并由著名的漆艺家管理。除了官设的漆器厂外，民间漆器生产也遍及大江南北。明代江南漆器名家辈出﹐明初有张德刚﹐包亮﹐明代中期有方信川，明末有江千里等，并出现集漆器工艺之大成的著作：黄成著，杨明注《髹饰录》。\n髹饰工艺在这时有很大的革新，结合多种传统技法，两种以上的技法作结合，不同的文饰在不同的素地上更换，开创出千文万华的繁荣局面。\n今日中国大陆和台湾，漆器仍是民间工艺的重要组成部份，著名的漆器工艺，包括福州的脱胎漆器，厦门的髹金漆丝漆器，广东晕金漆器，扬州螺钿漆器，稷山螺钿漆器，山西平遥推光漆器，成都银片罩花漆器，安徽屯溪犀皮漆器，北京剔红漆器，台湾南投县黑髹漆器等。",[209,82,45,7,109],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7d04e0ccba3f5fddf5928f4120e51ba4.jpg",[],"F48FB1",{"id":233,"slug":234,"title":235,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":236,"thumbUrl":238,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":239,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},267031,"huang-se-duan-ping-jin-xiu-ling-zhi-fu-wen-yao-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267031","黄色缎平金绣灵芝蝠纹腰圆荷包",[23,108,120,7,237,24],"蝙蝠纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F70a533ced696c8f09a39227b189fca5b.jpg",[],{"id":241,"slug":242,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":243,"thumbUrl":245,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":246,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":231},267018,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267018",[23,109,24,244,7,26,108],"平金银锁绣","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F5f7b16a984cd8e6f133e99c0ebf97d92.jpg",[],{"id":248,"slug":249,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":250,"thumbUrl":253,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":254,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},267017,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267017",[23,109,108,251,110,111,7,26,252],"缎面","流苏","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F87ffed65f201670679244e5f53e8cf67.jpg",[],{"id":256,"slug":257,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":258,"thumbUrl":259,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":260,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},267016,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267016",[23,109,24,110,111,7,26,108],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F51ee614f7f1823b7cb824eb4d5eff6e3.jpg",[],{"id":262,"slug":263,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":264,"thumbUrl":265,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":266,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":34},267015,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267015",[23,109,24,110,111,7,26,108],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F45f471420c615f8eaf66d72e06f0bfb6.jpg",[],{"id":268,"slug":269,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":270,"thumbUrl":271,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":272,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},267014,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267014",[108,23,109,24,244,7,26],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7b44e80239e1dc446ad631650f1ed1f8.jpg",[],{"id":274,"slug":275,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":276,"thumbUrl":278,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":279,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":74},267013,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267013",[23,24,108,111,277,7,26],"平金银","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F85db03a21ad62cf2796579543d43ccb4.jpg",[],{"id":281,"slug":282,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":283,"thumbUrl":284,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":285,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},267012,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267012",[108,23,109,24,244,7,26],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F416ca9bc5aa49444874d55df80c791b7.jpg",[],{"id":287,"slug":288,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":289,"thumbUrl":291,"material":29,"size":30,"collection":31,"collections":292,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},267011,"shi-qing-se-duan-ping-jin-yin-suo-xiu-ling-zhi-tuan-shou-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267011",[23,109,108,24,290,244,7,26],"缎","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0e79aff84577148a5ea671f858a45d61.jpg",[],{"id":294,"slug":295,"title":106,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"descrip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