[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":102},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-mi-se-you":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},9998,"mi-se-you","米色釉","米色釉画高清赏析","精选中国历代米色釉题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1c9d993a7295f80a44b6707ac4a6516b.jpg",0,7,[14,33,45,59,68,81,90],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":10,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":30,"showCount":31,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":32},256235,"ge-yao-mi-se-you-pan-yi-ming-256235","哥窑米色釉盘","宋","佚名","藏地不详","“哥窑”名列宋代五大名窑，在陶瓷史上有举足轻重的地位。哥窑胎多紫黑色、铁黑色、也有黄褐色。釉为失透的乳浊釉，釉面泛一层酥光，釉色以炒米黄、灰青多见，釉面大小纹片结合。\n经染色后大纹片呈深褐色，小纹片为黄褐色，也称‘金丝铁线’“墨纹梅花片”“叶脉纹”‘文武片’等。这是传世哥窑的主要特征之一。器形有各式瓶、炉、尊、洗及碗、盆、碟等。多见仿古造型，底足制作不十分规整，釉面常见缩釉和棕眼。\n而《中国陶瓷史》这样叙述：\n造型有各式瓶、炉、洗、盘、罐等。论胎有厚薄之分，其胎质有瓷胎和砂胎两种，胎色有黑灰、深灰、浅灰、土黄多种色调，釉色也有粉青、月白、油灰、青黄各色。从时间上讲，这里应有早晚之别，从产地说也有恐非一个瓷窑的作品，情况是比较复杂的。\n记载“哥窑”的古文献主要有：元代的《至正直记》，明代的《格古要论》、《遵生八笺》，清代的《博物要览》以及明代的《浙江通志》等。但究竟哥窑窑址何在？性质如何?一直是陶瓷史研究中众说纷纭、悬而未决的问题。\n流传于世的“哥窑”经典器大多源自清宫旧藏，由于这批器物与古文献中的记载的“哥窑”特征不符，而且没有考古资料佐证，因而造成了中国陶瓷史上最大的悬疑。\n为区别于明、清文献中所记载得哥窑（龙泉章生一窑），宫中名为“哥窑”的传世品，后世鉴赏家称其为“传世哥窑”。\n由于原来被认为哥窑的龙泉黑胎开片瓷被认为是“龙泉仿官”和“龙泉官窑”，宋代似乎就不存在哥窑，文献关于哥窑的记述被认为是以讹传讹。然而，仔细研究和分析，就会发觉事情并非如此简单，其关键在于“龙泉官窑”和杭州郊坛下官窑孰先孰后的问题并未真正得到解决。由于“龙泉官窑”的立论建立在“龙泉仿官”的基础上，认为仿官是不可能的，却又与官窑相一致，自然是官窑，并认为杭州郊坛下不能满足朝廷之需，再在龙泉烧造以充不足。这一观点很自然地派生出杭州郊坛下官窑早于龙泉官窑的定论。\n然而，没有足够的考古资料证明这一观点，并由此还引发出种种疑团：郊坛下不能满足朝廷之需，为什么不就地扩充、就近扩充，而要到千里之外的龙泉建窑烧造？宋室南渡带来了北方工匠，他们惯于圆窑用煤烧造，何以能在杭州建立龙窑用柴烧造？文献关于哥窑的论述难道一定都是空穴来风吗？哥不能仿官，但官却可以仿哥，各朝各代的官窑都建立在民窑的基础上，难道就不存在官仿哥的可能吗？宋室南渡，皇帝漂泊13年，这期间南渡窑工在何处生存？如何生存？是吃皇粮还是自谋出路？这些疑问最终都聚焦在龙泉最初的黑胎开片瓷的年代和性质上，也就是说龙泉最初的黑胎开片瓷会不会是皇帝颠沛流离的十余年中北方工匠和龙泉窑工技艺结合的产物？",[23,24,7,25,26],"陶瓷","开片","盘","日用器","未知","Xcm*Xcm","瓷器精选",[29],3,"795548",{"id":34,"slug":35,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":36,"thumbUrl":41,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":42,"showCount":43,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":44},256764,"ge-yao-mi-se-you-pan-yi-ming-256764",[37,23,7,24,38,39,40],"宋代","冰裂纹","釉器","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faaf4f4fceab590c5454688e6504ee7fb.jpg",[29],2,"BDBDBD",{"id":46,"slug":47,"title":48,"dynasty":49,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":50,"tags":51,"thumbUrl":55,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":56,"collections":57,"showCount":58,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":44},260348,"wu-shen-chun-xing-you-heng-tang-kuan-fang-mi-se-ge-you-bian-ping-yi-ming-260348","戊申春行有恒堂款仿米色哥釉扁瓶","清","宋代是传统制瓷工艺发展史上一个非常繁荣昌盛的时期。现时已发现的古代陶瓷遗址分布于全国170个县。其中有宋代窑址的就有130个县，占总数的75%。\n陶瓷史家通常将宋代陶瓷窑大致概括为6个瓷窑系，它们分别是：北方地区的定窑系、耀州窑系、钧窑系和磁州窑系；南方地区的龙泉青瓷系和景德镇的青白瓷系。这些窑系一方面具有因受其所在地区使用原材料的影响而具有的特殊性，另一方面又有受帝国时代的政治理念、文化习俗、工艺水平制约而具有的共同性。\n从造型的角度分析，宋瓷的器形较之前代更为丰富多彩，几乎包括了人民日常生活用器的大部分：碗、盘、壶、罐、盒、炉、枕、砚与水注等，其中最为多见的是玉壶春瓶。总的说来，民间用瓷的造型大部分是大方朴实、经济耐用；而宫廷用瓷则端庄典雅、雍容华贵。最能反映皇家气派的是哥、官、钧、汝与定窑口烧制的贡瓷，最能体现百姓喜乐的是磁州、耀州窑口烧制的民间瓷品。\n从纹饰上讲，宋瓷的纹饰题材表现手法都极为丰富独特。一般情况下，龙、凤、鹿、鹤、游鱼、花鸟、婴戏、山水景色等常作为主体纹饰而突现在各类器形的显著部位，而回纹、卷枝卷叶纹、云头纹、钱纹、莲瓣纹等多用作边饰间饰，用以辅助主题纹饰。工匠们用刻、划、剔、画和雕塑等不同技法，在器物上把纹样的神情意态与胎体的方圆长短巧妙结合起来，形成审美与实用的统一整体，令人爱不释手。如婴戏纹，或于碗心、或于瓶腹，将肌肤稚嫩，情态活泼的童子置于花丛之中，或一或二，或三五成群，攀树折花，追逐嬉戏，真切动人，生活气息甚为浓厚。",[23,52,53,24,54,7],"器","哥釉","扁瓶","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F22b4ed5c9ea0ea2df0beed2c7b034f6e.jpg","",[],1,{"id":60,"slug":61,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":63,"thumbUrl":66,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":67,"showCount":58,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":32},256234,"ge-yao-mi-se-you-kui-ban-kou-pan-yi-ming-256234","哥窑米色釉葵瓣口盘",[18,23,64,7,65,25],"开片技法","葵瓣口","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9bd952efdcf5fc0dc83aa24a0d4b0579.jpg",[29],{"id":69,"slug":70,"title":71,"dynasty":72,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":73,"tags":74,"thumbUrl":78,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":79,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":80},260867,"qiong-yao-mi-se-you-lv-ban-shuang-xi-hu-yi-ming-260867","邛窑米色釉绿斑双系壶","唐","邛窑,中国最古老的民窑之一，是中国彩绘瓷的发源地。其价值堪比三星堆、金沙遗址，被列入国家大遗址重点保护。它始创于东晋，成熟于南朝，盛于唐，是跨越八个多世纪的中国古代陶瓷名窑。\n邛窑分布在我国的四川省境内，以青釉、青釉褐斑、青釉褐绿斑和彩绘瓷为主，始烧于南北朝衰于宋朝，时间踌度约800年的中国古代陶瓷名窑。邛窑是我国著名民间瓷窑之一。器物有各种盘、碗、罐等日用器皿，其中以丰富的小瓷俑最为生动形象，以创造了陶瓷省油灯而闻名全国。\n善于将雕塑艺术的手法运用到瓷器的造型上。纵观邛窑瓷器，雕塑艺术品特别多，例如各类大小动物，胡商俑、武士俑、劳作俑、侍女俑、役仆俑等形象都用雕塑手法作出，就是一些实用生活用具、文房用具、储盛用具等雕塑艺术的作法也处处可见。另一个巨型三彩釉陶砚台，塑成一个伸颈昂首，瞪眼张嘴的大龟，四腿塑成兽蹄形，盖用雕塑手法塑成隆起的龟背，再刻划出背纹和裙边，既实用又具有很高的艺术性。有的执壶，口部以上塑一鼻孔上翻，鼓目张嘴的人头，整齐的牙齿外露，似乎正在歌唱。有的器盖塑成一个天真的儿童，光头，昂首，两眼上视，双臂伸开，两退上翻，脚交织在一起，天真活泼，很像现在的杂技表演。瓷枕也塑造成虎形，下为一个椭圆形底板，上塑的虎，咧嘴露齿，翻鼻鼓睛；作伏卧状，背上的枕面四角圆润，前部较小，后面较大，中间略微低下，虎的前额、眉眼、皮毛和枕面以褐绿彩点画成彩斑装饰。第二，彩绘装饰十分普遍，邛窑陶瓷有单色釉、如青釉、棕黄色釉、褐黑色釉，灰白色釉。由于泥料较粗，普遍含有细沙粒，胎面普遍施化妆土，用当地原料配出浅黄、深黄、棕黄、老绿、翠绿、孔雀蓝、藏蓝、紫黄、黑色等彩在瓷器上作画，大多数是釉下彩。由于邛窑瓷器釉层稀薄，釉下彩或釉上彩不易分辨，但大多数是釉下彩。以大片圆形彩斑、联珠、多层菱形、圆圈构成的图案，有些和刻花、划花、粘贴、捏塑、模印等共同组成装饰面。最突出的是彩画。这些釉下彩绘，由于工匠有深厚的文化根底和书画艺术的功力，以没骨画的技法，率然落笔，粗悍展开，画出的花纹潇洒豪放，韵味无穷。 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