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and white porcelain），又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。明宣德时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。",[23,40,25,7,41,42],"饮酒器","缠枝花卉","执壶","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F41c419a2f996ee1f4fdfaa606e8541e6.jpg",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":47,"slug":48,"title":49,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":50,"tags":51,"thumbUrl":56,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":57,"showCount":32,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":58},249482,"qia-si-fa-lang-jin-di-san-guo-wen-shi-liu-zun-yi-ming-249482","掐丝珐琅锦地三果纹石榴尊","景泰蓝（Cloisonne），中国的著名特种金属工艺品类之一，到明代景泰年间这种工艺技术制作达到了最巅峰，制作出的工艺品最为精美而著名，故后人称这种金属器为“景泰蓝”。景泰蓝正名“铜胎掐丝珐琅”，俗名“珐蓝”，又称“嵌珐琅”，是一种在铜质的胎型上，用柔软的扁铜丝，掐成各种花纹焊上，然后把珐琅质的色釉填充在花纹内烧制而成的器物 。因其在明朝景泰年间盛行，制作技艺比较成熟，使用的珐琅釉多以蓝色为主，故而得名“景泰蓝”。",[52,53,54,7,55],"掐丝珐琅","珐琅器","锦地纹","器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F818736d8aa6a01a0678ca5f7074c3282.jpg",[],"37474F",{"id":60,"slug":61,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":64,"thumbUrl":73,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":74,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},269470,"ying-mu-qian-yu-shan-hu-chang-yuan-shou-zi-bing-xiang-cui-gen-diao-san-guo-wen-san-xiang-ru-yi-yi-ming-269470","硬木嵌玉珊瑚长圆寿字柄镶翠根雕三果纹三镶如意","古文云:“石之美，谓之玉”，中国古代玉器多用于祭祀、佩戴、陪葬等场景。玉石因其细腻的质地和优雅的外观而在历史上享有盛誉。同时，玉器被赋予了“玉树临风”、“温润如玉”等多种品质，成为道德的体现。自古以来，它就有着厚重的文化含蕴。\n玉器在中国文化中起着无法替代的作用，可以说，纵观中国文明史，玉从石器时代一直到现在都发挥着不可忽视的重要的作用。让我们走进历史上玉器的更迭。\n在中国历史长河中，玉原本是以一种装饰品为主要作用。新石器时代中后期后，小玉器地位逐渐被大玉器所取代，大玉器是政治意义的体现。当时古人受中封建等级观念和原始宗教观念的影响，人们将其观念逐渐渗透到玉器中，这时中国玉文化的玉器主流时期正式到来。\n据考古学发现，新石器时代晚期，出土了大量玉琮。在这一时期的玉器，被赋予通灵天地之间神器的作用。它是与天地之神沟通的一种工具，在重大祭祀活动中，玉是作为交流的媒介。这个时代也是玉器神器时代。\n从春秋战国到汉代，玉被视为统治者身份的象征，其中最著名的是和氏璧，秦王愿意用十五座城市进行交换，秦始皇用这块和氏璧铸了御玺。那个时候谁有传国之令，就被视为一国之君的前兆，如同金庸小说中倚天剑屠龙刀的地位一样，可以率统天下。\n根据考古发现，汉代时期的墓葬中出土了金缕玉衣，这是汉代玉器的一个特殊时期，也可以称之为明玉时代，在此期间墓葬中使用了各种玉衣和蝉。汉朝玉器的黄金时代。 这一时期，以唐朝为典型，玉带是唐朝三品及以上的身份象征。这一时期也称为官玉时代，玉带的使用通常为达官贵人。在此期间，玉带越来越追求它的精致。在中国玉文化史上，唐朝是玉器发展一个重要阶段，唐朝国力鼎盛，玉器豪华尊贵是身份的象征，此时的玉器散发雍华大度的浪漫气息。\n唐宋时期，各种玉器出现，明清时期开始流行。这一时期，玉的生态美和工艺美开始结合。在这个时期，玉与人的距离亲近。玉不仅被欣赏和使用，而且人们开始佩戴它。这时，中国玉文化达到了一个顶峰时期，即赏玉玩玉的时期。\n清朝乾隆年间，乾隆皇帝非常喜爱玉，在他执政时期，乾隆命人制作了大禹治水玉山，这座大玉山清宫中最大的玉雕。这一时期，达官贵人都热衷于收藏玉器，全民掀起了藏玉热潮，被称为藏玉时期。\n从20世纪80年代初开始，玉石开始走向经济市场，走向人们的生活任何人都可以参与玉石的加工和收藏。越来越多的人佩戴玉石，各种玉石饰品在市场上流通，经过几千年的发展，玉器终于进入了开放期。\n中国古代玉器历史悠久，绚烂夺目底蕴深厚，在世界文明史和艺术史上首屈一指，辉煌灿烂，熠熠生辉，以上简单梳理了中国玉器的发展历史和演变过程，目的在让我们更加热爱我们的传统玉器文化，增强我们的民族自信心，让我们伟大的中华文化和伟大的工匠精神永远屹立于世界之巅。",[65,66,67,68,69,70,7,71,72],"如意","木质","玉石","雕刻","饰品","寿字纹","珊瑚","翠玉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fae8a51b5c78f86cf4e0cc2dfb5420257.jpg",[],{"id":76,"slug":77,"title":78,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":79,"thumbUrl":82,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":83,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},269352,"zi-tan-qian-yu-shi-san-guo-wen-yuan-he-yi-ming-269352","紫檀嵌玉石三果纹圆盒",[66,67,68,80,7,55,81],"镶嵌","日用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ff20d7a1bee884019fd0b7c39c9240bda.jpg",[],{"id":85,"slug":86,"title":87,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":88,"thumbUrl":90,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":91,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},263507,"you-li-hong-san-guo-wen-shui-cheng-yi-ming-263507","釉里红三果纹水丞",[23,24,7,81,89],"文房用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc49ec69045145f7b256953622a8c155d.jpg",[],{"id":93,"slug":94,"title":95,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":96,"tags":97,"thumbUrl":100,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":101,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},261381,"yu-tang-jia-qi-kuan-fen-qing-you-an-hua-san-guo-wen-wan-yi-ming-261381","玉堂佳器款粉青釉暗花三果纹碗","中国瓷器著名传统颜色釉。亦称“青瓷釉”。古代南方青釉，是瓷器最早的颜色釉。\n所谓“青釉”，颜色并不是纯粹的青，有：月白、天青、粉青、梅子青、豆青、豆绿、翠青等，但多少总能泛出一点青绿色。同时，古人往往将青、绿、蓝三种颜色，一统称为“青色”，例如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》称：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也、蓝也，皆以青括之。”刘子芬《竹园陶说》中也说：“青色一种，常与蓝色相混。雨过天晴，钧窑、元窑之青，皆近蓝色。”“惟千峰翠色、梅子青、豆青、乃为纯青耳。天色本蓝，有时为青。”\n青釉是我国使用最早，延用时间最久，分布最广的一个釉种，它的发明是与我国瓷土矿大都含有一定量的铁矿的现象相一致的。青色也符合我国人民的传统审美情趣。青色与碧玉相若，认为稳重而高雅。浙江、江西、河南等地已出土了不少早至商周时期的原始青釉瓷。六朝至唐宋以越窑为代表的南方青釉瓷；宋到元明的龙泉窑系青瓷；耀州窑、临汝窑、钧窑等宋代北方青瓷；以及明、清以来的景德镇青釉瓷，是青釉发展的几个重要阶段，所谓的宋代“汝、定、官、哥、钧”五大名窑，除定窑外均属青釉瓷。表釉的呈色主要决定于着色氧化物的含铁量与烧成气氛，青釉含铁量一般在1—3%左右，过高会变成黑釉，低了就能烧成白瓷。在还原气氛中烧成。釉色青绿；在氧化气氛中烧成，釉色泛黄。因而陶瓷界所谓的青釉是相对而言的，正如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中所说：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也，蓝也，皆以青括之。”",[23,81,55,98,99,7],"粉青釉","暗花","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6105827d3c8f3ec5713f7b748627ea82.jpg",[],{"id":103,"slug":104,"title":105,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":106,"tags":107,"thumbUrl":112,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":113,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},260534,"wu-cai-san-guo-wen-guan-yi-ming-260534","五彩三果纹罐","此罐器形饱满圆润，釉面莹白素净。颈部以红彩锦地搭配折枝小花，雅致开篇；肩部缠枝纹蜿蜒舒展，花果饱满鲜活，红绿诸彩交映，浓艳古雅。\n\n腹部主饰三果，佛手蜷曲饱满、石榴绽露籽粒、寿桃圆润饱满，枝蔓轻曳飘逸，线条勾勒细致流畅，暗含多福多子多寿的美好祈愿。近足处以栏杆锦纹收束，规整端庄，与上部繁丽纹饰疏密相济。\n\n整器构图张弛有度，古彩色泽醇厚明丽，将吉祥意趣与瓷绘工艺相融，尽显清代古彩装饰的明艳雅致之美。",[23,55,108,7,109,110,111],"五彩","设色","佛手","罐","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F045108c69ac7fa58cb9b123ed1989fd6.jpg",[],{"id":115,"slug":116,"title":117,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":118,"thumbUrl":121,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":122,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},260522,"qing-hua-san-guo-wen-lei-yi-ming-260522","青花三果纹罍",[23,25,119,7,120],"罍","花卉纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9da07dab19704f1fe5115027a61a1409.jpg",[],{"id":124,"slug":125,"title":126,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":127,"tags":128,"thumbUrl":131,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":132,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},259866,"yong-zheng-kuan-you-li-hong-san-guo-wen-wan-yi-ming-259866","雍正款釉里红三果纹碗","雍正一朝虽然只有13年，但他的制瓷业成就却达到了清代官窑的历史高峰，其品种之多，制作工艺之精良，都是其他朝代无法比拟的。",[23,24,7,129,81,130],"石榴","碗","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F24b2251c4917b11ab85962519c0ec32d.jpg",[],{"id":134,"slug":135,"title":136,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":137,"tags":138,"thumbUrl":141,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":142,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},259491,"guang-xu-kuan-bai-di-fan-hong-cai-san-guo-wen-wan-yi-ming-259491","光绪款白地矾红彩三果纹碗","用漆涂在各种器物的表面上所制成的日常器具及工艺品、美术品等，一般称为“漆器”。生漆是从漆树割取的天然液汁，主要由漆酚、漆酶、树胶质及水分构成。用它作涂料，有耐潮、耐高温、耐腐蚀等特殊功能，又可以配制出不同色漆，光彩照人。在中国，从新石器时代起就认识了漆的性能并用以制器。历经商周直至明清，中国的漆器工艺不断发展，达到了相当高的水平。中国的炝金、描金等工艺品，对日本等地都有深远影响。漆器是中国古代在化学工艺及工艺美术方面的重要发明。",[23,81,55,139,140,7],"矾红彩","蝙蝠纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F20cceff8f36ad283191f217a2db783de.jpg",[],{"id":144,"slug":145,"title":146,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":147,"thumbUrl":149,"material":28,"size":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