[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":119},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-shi-qi":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},5552,"shi-qi","食器","食器画高清赏析","精选中国历代食器题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F123769b8a7460f8c068f12912f933f17.jpg",0,9,[14,32,42,52,62,69,77,85,101],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":10,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":30,"showCount":12,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":31},226784,"xi-shou-mian-wen-gui-yi-ming-226784","西兽面纹簋","周","佚名","藏地不详","青铜器（Bronze Ware）在古时被称为“金”或“吉金”，是红铜与其他化学元素锡、铅等的合金，刚刚铸造完成的青铜器是金色，但因为出土的青铜因为时间流失产生锈蚀后变为青绿色，被称为青铜。\n青铜器的使用开始于新石器时代晚期的土耳其和伊拉克地区，及叙利亚古代TellRamad遗址出土的铜珠等。中国青铜器开始于马家窑至秦汉时期，以商周时期的器物最为精美。在中国仰韶文化早期和马家窑文化时期就已经出现。\n中国最初出现的是小型工具或饰物。夏代始有青铜容器和兵器。商中期，青铜器品种已很丰富，并出现了铭文和精细的花纹。商晚期至西周早期，是青铜器发展的鼎盛时期，器型多种多样，浑厚凝重，铭文逐渐加长，花纹繁缛富丽。随后，青铜器胎体开始变薄，纹饰逐渐简化。春秋晚期至战国，由于铁器的推广使用，铜制工具越来越少。秦汉时期，随着陶器和漆器进入日常生活，铜制容器品种减少，装饰简单，多为素面，胎体也更为轻薄。\n中国青铜器制作精美，在世界青铜器中享有极高的声誉和艺术价值，代表着中国5000多年青铜发展的高超技术与文化。\n我国商、周时代的青铜器具，不单是盛物用的容器，同时也是宗庙中的礼器。青铜器的数量可以表示出身份地位的高低，青铜器形制的大小也可以显示出权力的等级。青铜器中，最重要的器类就是鼎。远古的青铜器可以分为食器、酒器、水器、乐器四大类。食器中包括鼎、鬲等等。其中鼎是最重要的礼器。\n西周中晚期我国形成了列鼎制度，据《春秋公羊传》记载，天子用9鼎，诸侯用7鼎、卿大夫用5鼎、士用3鼎或1鼎。同时。与鼎一同出现的还有簋，通常为九鼎八簋，七鼎六簋，五鼎四簋，三鼎二簋。在西周中晚期的墓葬制度中，鼎为单数而簋为双数。青铜鼎随着时代的发展，形制也在发生变化。商代早期多为圆腹尖足，也有方鼎。到了中期出现了扁足鼎等等。商代晚期尖足鼎逐渐减少，圆腹柱足鼎开始居多，鬲鼎逐渐多了起来。《尔雅》记载“鼎之款足者，谓之鬲”。鬲鼎也称为分裆鼎，是鬲和鼎的混合体，鼎从商代开始铸有各式样的神秘纹饰，多为兽面纹，如饕餮纹、蝉纹、象纹等等，纹饰变化巧妙。容器内部铸有族徽或祖先的名字。\n青铜是铜和锡铅的合金。在中国古代早期的工艺美术中青铜工艺成为奴隶社会工艺美术的典型代表是我们的祖先对人类物质文明的巨大贡献。商周时期是中国历史上的青铜时代，它以品类丰富、造型优美、纹饰华丽、制作精巧、风格独特而著称。此时是冶炼铸造技术可以说有了突发猛进的发展，在应用上具有广泛的适用性。成为中国艺术史的一个组成部分。本文以商周时期的青铜器主要代表作品作品：《后母戊大方鼎》、《盂鼎》为例，从青铜器作为“礼器”的艺术精神与青铜器的造型、装饰艺术特点来谈谈商周青铜器艺术。\n中国古代青铜器，就使用规模、铸造工艺、造型艺术及品种而言。中国古代青铜器在世界艺术史上占有独特地位。商周时期是中国历史上的青铜时代，青铜流行于新石器时代晚期至秦汉时代。以商周器物最为精美，品种已很丰富器型多种多样，并出现了铭文和精细的花纹浑厚凝重。商周青铜器艺术装饰承接新石器时代艺术中若干精髓，经过长期绵延不断的变化，形成独特的体系，在成为中国艺术史的一个组成部分。商周时期，青铜的冶炼业作为生产力的标志而达到高峰。是中国古代青铜器发展的鼎盛时期。",[23,24,7,25,26],"青铜器","礼器","兽面纹","铜制","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],"37474F",{"id":33,"slug":34,"title":35,"dynasty":36,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":37,"thumbUrl":39,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":40,"showCount":41,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":31},244246,"zi-gui-yi-ming-244246","子簋","商",[23,24,7,26,38],"纹饰","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb010b72185cd11acfd8638cb010f2136.jpg",[],3,{"id":43,"slug":44,"title":45,"dynasty":36,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":46,"thumbUrl":49,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":50,"showCount":41,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":51},242817,"da-gui-yi-ming-242817","大簋",[23,24,7,47,25,48],"簋","双耳容器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd81451442f8b8c2b4787d206fc393951.jpg",[],"795548",{"id":53,"slug":54,"title":55,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":56,"thumbUrl":59,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":60,"showCount":61,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":31},243919,"su-dou-yi-ming-243919","素豆",[23,26,57,58,24,7],"周代","素面","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F14732bcf066c8beafaaafe9f8e5002a9.jpg",[],2,{"id":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":66,"thumbUrl":67,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":68,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":31},244546,"nian-gui-yi-ming-244546","年簋",[23,24,7,26,38],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7399b3eb9b1278ceb92b87f003d77f24.jpg",[],{"id":70,"slug":71,"title":72,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":73,"thumbUrl":75,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":76,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":31},243863,"dong-bo-gui-yi-ming-243863","董伯簋",[23,24,7,74,25],"铜制容器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F67260858d99a4eab9fc3f48fa7e28c71.jpg",[],{"id":78,"slug":79,"title":80,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":81,"thumbUrl":83,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":84,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":31},243363,"qi-bo-gui-yi-ming-243363","杞伯簋",[23,24,7,26,82,38],"雕刻","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe8d19ae9cd59860b330ddc0830772c58.jpg",[],{"id":86,"slug":87,"title":88,"dynasty":89,"author":90,"museum":20,"description":91,"tags":92,"thumbUrl":98,"material":29,"size":29,"collection":29,"collections":99,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":100},233541,"shi-zhu-zhai-wu-se-jian-pu-ce-hu-ri-cong-233541","十竹斋五色笺谱册","明","胡日从","《十竹斋书画谱》，融诗、书、画、印艺术为一体，是木版水印史上的巨制鸿构，有“画苑之白眉，绘林之赤帜”之誉。凡书画、竹、墨华、石、翎毛、梅、兰、果八谱，每谱两册，全帙共十六册，蝴蝶装。\n一为书画册。花卉竹石、翎毛蔬果二十幅，均有对题。谱前有醒天居士《题十竹斋画册小引》和芒砀山人王三德《胡曰从书画谱引》。\n二为竹谱。卷首有《梨云馆竹谱》，分“写竹要语”，“写竹括”和“写竹法”。前半为一画一题，凡竹图二十幅，分作“廻风”、“喜霁”、“带雨”、“凝露”、“贮云”、“笼烟”、“快雪”、“印月”、“怡老”、“启新”、“飞白”、“聚翠”、“紫蓧”、“朱帔”、“崖影”、“石床”、“飨松”、“访菊”、“友梅”、“佩兰”等。后半则为画竹“起手式”。\n三为墨华册。谱中图呈圆光型，对题有绿色“十竹斋琅干笺”竹纹边框。画、题各有二十幅，画面着色细润，气韵生动。谱前有语水乘槎子《十竹斋墨花题辞》。\n四为石谱。画、题各二十幅，谱前有序两篇，一为王三德《阅石谱题言》，一为米芾后人米万钟《石谱题辞》。谱中二十幅画皆为高阳所作。高阳，字秋甫，善花鸟，为万历间写生名手。高阳画奇石尤精，石谱中作品是临摹上版，王三德观后评价极高，以为“天划神缕之巧，嵌空玲珑之致，半幅冰茧，宛具层岩叠嶂、峰峦洞穴，真可以对杨次公矣。”图有墨石、彩石，但均以套版为之，每画都有对应的题赞。\n五为翎毛谱。画、题各二十幅，有杨文骢于“天启丁卯立秋日”所题《翎毛谱小序》，非常精彩地评介了胡氏所施饾版之法：“胡曰从氏巧心妙手，超越前代，以铁笔作颖生，以梨枣代绢素，而其中皴法、染法、点法，及着色之轻重、浅深、远近、离合无不呈妍曲致，穷巧极工。即当行作手观之，定以为写生妙品，不敢作刻画观。”此翎毛谱二十图，画上无名款，从印鉴来看，应全为凌云翰一人所作。凌云翰，字五云，万历、崇祯时人。《明画录》说他善画山水，其实上凌氏花鸟亦善，尤工画石，为胡正言所推许。\n六为梅谱。由玉山进士董继周作序。此册胡正言以“芳信先传”、“飘飘欲仙”、“冰壶掩映”、“暖谷回阳”、“君子之交”、“铁干支春”、“暗香浮动”、“拾翠为钿”、“黄惹蜂腰”、“额上玄功”、“东邻窥宋”、“盟坚寒素”、“香梦沉酣”、“水妃写照”、“玉骨同妍”、“疏影横斜”、“幽人赠佩”、“调脂梅粉”、“宫锦清班”、“寿阳点妆”等二十画题，分别写早梅、风梅、雪梅、枯梅、竹梅、老梅、月梅、松梅、蜡梅、墨梅、过墙梅、倚石梅、烟梅、临水梅、水仙梅、疏梅、兰花梅、茶花梅、杏花梅和落梅，或水墨，或设色，意境、造型与章法，则穷尽变化之能事。每幅画都有对应的题赞。\n七为兰谱。前有涂日昌“兰谱序”和画兰“起手执笔式”，此谱图解兰花，并附小注，颇为详尽，但无题赞。多为墨印，间有彩版，此谱可为之初学之范本。图二十幅，多是临摹赵孟頫等名家之作。\n八为果谱。画、题各二十幅，有西京韩文镜作序。其中“三元”、“朱橘”等图，雕版设计巧妙，可谓匠心独运。\n《十竹斋书画谱》自万历己未（1619年）第一谱《书画册》起，至崇祯癸酉（1633年）第八谱《果谱》止，梓印时间长达十五年之久。每谱有序言，除《竹谱》附写竹诀，《兰谱》附起手式，其余各谱均四十幅，一图一文，以书配画，交相辉映。\n胡正言辑印《十竹斋书画谱》，广交名人时贤，亦自作书画付梓。全谱序、画、诗作者或书法题写者，多达一百五十余人。谱中所辑作品大多是由当时名家如吴彬、倪瑛、魏之克、米万钟、吴士冠、文震亨、高阳、高友等创作的，也有二十多幅画稿是临摹自赵孟頫、唐寅、沈周、文征明、陆治、陈道复等著名书画家的；胡正言自己也曾为谱画稿、题诗，画有“白莲”、“墨梅”、“芝草”三图，诗有“题梅花”、“题兰竹”两首。画谱中所题诗句，笔调清新，咏物抒情，不同程度地反映了诗人们喜爱画谱的心情。题诗大部分都是书写者自己所作，也有借用前人诗句题咏的，如胡正言用唐释无可的咏兰诗题《兰竹图》，西湖仙郎何伟然用徐渭咏榴诗题《石榴图》，竹冠道人应麟用刘禹锡题开元寺枸杞诗书《枸杞诗图》等等。全谱书法篆、隶、行、楷诸体皆备，最多的还是晚明文人流行的行草。这些书迹，大都兼有晋、唐、宋书家的风韵，亦可为后人临池所借鉴。\n醒天居士的《题十竹斋画册小引》把胡正言的爱好、特长及画谱刊印的初衷和艺术水平都进行了叙述：\n“王宰十日一山，五日一石，岂肖形之难哉？山有情，石有态，磅礴得之为难耳。近代画手，千临百摹，如里媪捧心，不揜儿寝，而目食者争售之，大轴小图，祗为壁疥。新安胡曰从氏，清姿博学，既精六书，尤擅众巧。所制隃糜硾茧与所镌法语名言，皆出新裁，赏鉴家多宝爱之。乃竹斋多暇，复创画册。所选皆花果竹石，有关于幽人韵士之癖好者。而写形既妙，设色尤工，至于翠瓣丹柎，葩分蕊折，花之情，竹之姿，与禽虫飞懦之态，奇石云烟之气，展册淋漓，宛然在目。盖淡淡浓浓，篇篇神采；疏疏密密，幅幅乱真，诚画苑之白眉，绘林之赤帜也。然王宰之画妙出毫锥，胡君之画妙出梨枣，是磅礴之心，较王宰更难；而成功之捷，较王宰更简更易，岂不尤奇哉！余故喜而叙之，愿与好事者同赏，仍俟具眼者定价焉。时癸酉年中秋前二日，醒天居士书于十竹斋。”\n《十竹斋书画谱》“绘刻精而奇，谱则巧而该”，在画谱刊行后不久就引起广泛的注意，开始有人仿刻了，以至胡氏声明道“原板珍藏，素遐真赏，近有效颦，恐混鱼目，善价沽者，勿虚藻鉴。”历代重印、翻刻者达二十余种。清代李渔等人辑印的《芥子园画传》也是在它的启发下产生的。",[89,93,94,95,96,7,97],"册","木刻","设色","器","印章","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6a796bc878ae9e84dff3bc93abce9e9a.jpg",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":102,"slug":103,"title":104,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":105,"thumbUrl":117,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":118,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":51},226884,"zhan-guo-zao-qi-pan-hui-wen-dou-yi-ming-226884","战国早期 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