[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":147},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-song-wen":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},6118,"song-wen","松纹","松纹画高清赏析","精选中国历代松纹题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fbd9fb20ac727bd3971c4e21555f7e667.jpg",0,12,[14,34,48,59,72,85,96,104,113,119,126,132],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":10,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":31,"showCount":32,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},263995,"xing-huang-se-di-song-he-wen-zhi-jin-jin-yi-ming-263995","杏黄色地松鹤纹织金锦","清","佚名","藏地不详","《说文》：“锦，襄邑织文。从帛，金声。”即用彩色经纬丝织出各种图案花纹的纺织品，泛指具有多种彩色花纹的丝织物。锦的生产工艺要求高，织造难度大，所以它是古代最贵重的织物。“锦，金也，作之用功重，其价如金。”古人把锦看成和黄金等价。这种织物有经起花和纬起花两种，也叫经锦和纬锦。经锦是用两组或两组以上的经线同一组纬线交织。经线多的二色或三色，一色一根作为一副，如果需要更多的颜色，也可以使用牵色条的方法。纬线有明纬和夹纬；用夹纬把每副中的表经和底经分隔开，用织物正面的经浮点显花。\n用染好颜色的彩色经纬线，经提花、织造工艺织出图案的织物。中国丝织提花技术起源久远。早在殷商时代中国已有丝织物。周代丝织物中出现织锦，花纹五色灿烂，技艺臻于成熟。汉代设有织室、锦署，专门织造织锦，供宫廷享用。自汉武帝后，中国织锦通过丝绸之路传入波斯（今伊朗）、大秦（古罗马帝国）等国。三国时四川蜀锦成为主流。唐代贞观年间窦师伦的对雉、斗羊、翔凤等蜀锦图案，称为绫阳公样。在织造工艺上由经锦改进为纬锦，并出现彩色经纬线由浅入深或由深入浅的退晕手法。北宋宫廷在汴京等地建立规模庞大的织造工场，生产各种绫锦。元代是中国历史上大量生产织金锦（一种加金的丝织物）的时代，宫廷设立织染局、织染提举司，机构庞大，集中了大批优秀工匠。\n明清两代织锦生产集中在江苏南京、苏州，除了官府的织锦局外，民间作坊也蓬勃兴起，形成江南织锦生产的繁荣时期。织锦大多采用传统提花工艺和木制花楼织机，有些织锦因品种不同而有所区别。如宋锦、土家族织锦采用通经断纬工艺，即分段调换彩色纬线，使色彩更加丰富。杭锦采用铁制提花机。织锦种类有南京云锦、四川蜀锦、苏州宋锦、杭州织锦以及少数民族的黎锦、壮锦、傣锦、瑶锦、侗锦、苗锦、土家锦、爱得利斯锦等。1960年以来，中国织锦在继承、发扬传统织锦的基础上，恢复了云锦的妆花锦和蜀锦的浣花锦、锦上添花锦、八答晕锦，并生产了窗帘、沙发套、枕套、被面、台毯、靠垫、床罩、提包、民族服装用料等新品种。\n锦已有3000年以上的历史，战国、西汉以前流行以二色或三色经轮流显花的经锦，包括局部饰以挂经的挂锦、具有立体效果的凸花锦和绒锦。1959年在新疆民丰尼雅遗址发现的东汉“万年如意锦”使用绛、白、绛紫、淡蓝、渥绿五色，通幅分成十二个色条，就是汉代典型的经锦。\n纬锦是用两组或两组以上的纬线同一组经线交织。经线有交织经和夹经；用织物正面的纬浮点显花。1969年在新疆阿斯塔那发现的唐代锦袜，在大红色地上起各种禽鸟花朵和行云的图案，就属于这一种锦。\n经锦和纬锦具有不同的织造效果。经锦的纬密比较低，只用一把梭子，生产效率比较高。纬锦织造比较费时，但可以使用两把以上的梭子，容易变换色彩，色彩丰富。这两种锦在中国出现的时间都比较早。但是六朝以前织造的，以经起花为主；隋唐以后织造的，似乎以纬起花为主。\n在苏联的巴泽雷克发现一批中国战国时期的丝绸，就有用红绿二色纬线织造的纬斜纹起花的纬锦。产生于宋代前后的宋锦以地经、地纬交织成经斜组织，按结经与纹纬交织成纬斜组织。\n金元之际流行加金的丝织物——织金锦，又称“纳石失”。明清时盛行以挖花缎的彩纬多达30—40种，锦面的经、纬方向都有逐花异色的效果，是中国织锦最高水平的代表。\n锦在历史上曾用多棕多蹑机和束棕花楼机织造，现代生产采用纹版提花机。\n国家非常重视非物质文化遗产的保护，南京云锦木机妆花手工织造技艺作为中国古老的织锦技艺最高水平的代表，于2006年列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2006年5月20日，土家族织锦技艺经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2007年6月8日，湖南凤凰水云织锦坊获得国家文化部颁布的首届文化遗产日奖。2009年8月《地理标志产品云锦》国家标准在南京通过国家级专家评审，同年9月成功入选联合国《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。",[23,24,25,7,26,27],"织金锦","布料","鹤","云纹","传统纹样","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],3,"795548",{"id":35,"slug":36,"title":37,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":39,"thumbUrl":45,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":46,"showCount":47,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},267087,"huang-se-duan-xiu-yun-song-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267087","黄色缎绣云松纹椭圆荷包","荷包是中国汉族传统服饰中，人们所随身佩带的一种装零星物品的小包，后发展为爱情信物，荷包的图案有繁有简，花卉、鸟、兽、草虫、山水、人物以及吉祥语、诗词文字都有，装饰意味很浓。\n在民间荷包中，占相当比重的是香包，香包里装有香草之类的药品，包面上绣制着“五毒”，即蝎子、蛇、蜈蚣、壁虎和蟾蜍，它原是五月端午的节令物品，为了防止各种毒虫猖獗，侵害人体，人们相互馈赠，挂在衣襟或帐勾上，以避除“五毒”。就形状来看，有虎形的、鸡形的、如意形的、寿桃形的、蝙蝠形的，以取意于福、禄、寿、喜、吉祥、如意等。富有深厚民族心理基础的绣荷包，在民间文化中，显示着旺盛的生命力。",[40,41,24,42,26,7,43,44],"饰品","日用具","刺绣","荷包","龙纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7aae86a43d76f31b547f2188c3375f00.jpg",[],1,{"id":49,"slug":50,"title":51,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":52,"tags":53,"thumbUrl":57,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":58,"showCount":47,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},229139,"pi-diao-song-wen-bi-tong-yi-ming-229139","皮雕松纹笔筒","笔筒： 用陶瓷、竹木、等制成的筒形插笔器具。笔筒是搁放毛笔的专用器物，据文献记载，它的材质有镏金、翡翠、紫檀和乌木，现在我们能够见到的传世器物，大多是用瓷或者是竹木制作的。具有收藏价值。",[54,55,7,56],"清代","皮雕","器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F833f0b95e9afd830480c1c75caf92388.jpg",[],{"id":60,"slug":61,"title":62,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":64,"thumbUrl":70,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":71,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},272116,"duan-shi-diao-song-sui-xing-yan-yi-ming-272116","端石雕松随形砚","砚台历经秦汉、魏晋，至唐代起，各地相继发现适合制砚的石料，开始以石为主的砚台制作。其中采用甘肃岷县的洮河石、广东端州的端石、安徽歙州的歙石制作的砚台，被分别称作洮砚、端砚、歙砚。史书将洮、端、歙称作三大名砚。清末，又将河南洛阳的澄泥砚与洮、端、歙，并列为中国四大名砚。也有人主张，以天然砚石雕制的鲁砚中的红丝石砚代替澄泥砚，合称四大名砚。\n谈起砚的种类有许多种，从砚的材质可分为：玉砚、银砚、铜砚、铁砚、陶砚、瓷砚、石砚、漆砚等，其中石砚是最为普遍，也最实用的一种砚。砚台起源于新石器时代。最早的砚是半坡村遗址出土的研磨颜料的研磨器，在1980年，大陆考古学家曾在陕西省临潼县姜寨一处原始社会的遗址中，发现了一套原始人用以陶器彩绘的工具，其中有一方石砚，砚有盖，砚面微凹，凹处并有一根石质磨杵，砚旁留存数块黑色颜料。很显然，这是先民们借助磨杵研磨颜料的早期砚的形制。由于这处遗址归属于母系氏族时期的仰韶文化，故这方砚台的实际寿龄已超过了五千年了。\n清代端石砚要求因材施艺，因石构图，在题材、立意、构图、造型、利用何种雕法都要精心推敲，刻划得当。保持了端砚的古雅、朴实，古色古香、形态自然的特点。如北京故宫收藏的「端石双龙砚」、「猫蝶砚」是端砚中的佳品。",[65,66,67,7,68,69],"砚","端石","雕刻","随形","文房器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa78a7acfe723726bfa76093220a7a218.jpg",[],{"id":73,"slug":74,"title":75,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":76,"tags":77,"thumbUrl":82,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":83,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":84},269915,"zhu-gen-diao-song-wen-shui-cheng-yi-ming-269915","竹根雕松纹水丞","水丞又称水中丞，一般多称就是水盂。是一种古老的中国传统工艺品。它是置于书案上的贮水器，用于贮砚水，多属扁圆形，有嘴的叫“水注”，无嘴的叫“水丞”。制作古朴雅致，为文房一重要器具。水丞有玉制的，如清代青玉雕葫芦水丞，两水盂相连构成葫芦形状，周边随形雕刻枝叶缠绕，显得清朗自然。玉水丞中以明代玉工陆子冈所制作品最为著名。也有铜制的、陶瓷制的，如官哥窑肚圆式、钵盂小口式等。",[78,67,7,79,80,81,56],"竹根雕","水丞","文房用具","木质","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3f9a465af0cd9b94b3b63d27c1ca3104.jpg",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":86,"slug":87,"title":88,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":89,"tags":90,"thumbUrl":94,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":95,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":84},269883,"zhu-gen-diao-song-wen-he-yi-ming-269883","竹根雕松纹盒","清代文物。旧时用于存放食物或饰品之用,根据材质价值不同。清宫旧藏",[67,91,7,92,93,56],"竹质","盒","文玩","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcd8bf5469dbeb35f4acba5434fdff71c.jpg",[],{"id":97,"slug":98,"title":99,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":89,"tags":100,"thumbUrl":101,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":102,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":103},269872,"zhu-gen-diao-song-wen-fang-he-yi-ming-269872","竹根雕松纹方盒",[78,67,7,56,91],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fdb0ca422ebd77d5d414f210b750b0acf.jpg",[],"37474F",{"id":105,"slug":106,"title":107,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":108,"tags":109,"thumbUrl":111,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":112,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},269141,"zhu-gen-diao-song-wen-bi-jia-yi-ming-269141","竹根雕松纹笔架","此作因材施艺，将竹根天然肌理化用为虬曲古松，老干盘桓苍劲，松针层叠细密，枝桠舒展间尽显山野松风的清逸意趣。匠人顺着竹料纹理随形雕琢，把文房实用与案头赏玩相融，既可承托毛笔，又成雅致清供。刀工细腻却不见刻意斧凿之痕，浑朴古雅间带着文人情致，将山林意趣浓缩于方寸之间，尽显工艺精妙匠心，为书案晕染出一抹幽远朴拙的林下雅韵。",[78,67,110,7,80],"笔架","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb01e2b53634bd90fca9b119bcf29e352.jpg",[],{"id":114,"slug":115,"title":37,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":116,"thumbUrl":117,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":118,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":84},267088,"huang-se-duan-xiu-yun-song-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267088",[40,41,24,42,26,7,43],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa633a67582d2e6e1414b68ae97816dfb.jpg",[],{"id":120,"slug":121,"title":122,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":123,"thumbUrl":124,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":125,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":84},267086,"qing-se-duan-xiu-yun-song-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267086","青色缎绣云松纹椭圆荷包",[40,41,24,42,26,7,43],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc772e0d508af20678c0ba842f83941dc.jpg",[],{"id":127,"slug":128,"title":122,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":129,"thumbUrl":130,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":131,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":84},267085,"qing-se-duan-xiu-yun-song-wen-tuo-yuan-he-bao-yi-ming-267085",[40,41,24,42,26,7,43],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Feb72041a9f27e25cae6826bed4336b66.jpg",[],{"id":133,"slug":134,"title":135,"dynasty":136,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":137,"tags":138,"thumbUrl":145,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":146,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":84},261313,"ge-you-qing-hua-song-lu-wen-ping-yi-ming-261313","哥釉青花松鹿纹瓶","明","青花瓷（blue and white porcelain），又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。明宣德时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。",[139,140,141,142,7,143,144],"陶瓷","哥釉","青花","鹿纹","瓶","开片","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe4049bf091cb00c6709970e85448da16.jpg",[],1777535731060]