[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":124},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-tan-tu":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},1744,"tan-tu","滩涂","滩涂画高清赏析","精选中国历代滩涂题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0e4a3fc833ccba77130b5dbe0e3545ff.jpg",0,5,[14,46,70,93,106],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":37,"material":38,"size":39,"collection":40,"collections":41,"showCount":43,"zanCount":44,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},220782,"lu-tan-diao-ting-tu-wu-zhen-220782","芦滩钓艇图","元","吴镇","美国大都会艺术博物馆","《芦滩钓艇图卷》（现藏大都会）使吴镇享有萌画家的地位，此一点无论是国内抑或海外的艺术评论意见均颇统一。纠其原因，则是画中原本仅作为点缀的人物在画家的笔下呈现“卡通式”的形象，这一夺景的表现，并未使画作的立意失衡，而是呈现出别样的意趣来，无论是大都会所藏，还是弗利尔所藏的其他数幅吴镇所绘的“渔父图”皆是充满趣味性的形象。然我们知道其部分渔父形象的作品为仿荆浩，虽然很难再找见荆浩创作的渔父形象（可确证的）。但从台北故宫博物院所藏的北宋画家范宽之《溪山行旅图》进行观察（范早期习荆浩、李成，而该画作恰恰是习荆浩的），不难发现——吴镇画中之“渔父”形象与范宽画中的“渔父”形象，两者间颇有关联性（虽范宽的作品已较模糊，然从船体与人物构造观，尚可发现有其相通之处），故此种“卡通式”的“渔父”形象，许于唐未的荆浩画中，已形成其旨趣，只是后人不觉，皆将吴镇视为萌家。\n吴镇画山水喜用湿墨，其实吴镇未尝不善用干墨，在吴镇传世几十余幅墨竹中，几乎全是用干墨画的，均取得了良好的效果。之所以吴镇在山水画中多用湿墨，这与吴镇欲借山水画表达的境界有极大的关系。北宋山水画追求一种可游、可居之景，用笔用墨都服从于山水真实体感的表达；而元人则以山水为媒，追求一种有我之景，笔墨除用表现形体外，更是充作了情感流露的媒介。在元四家中吴、倪均以画水著称，倪喜用干墨，吴则喜用湿墨。倪用干墨草草点染，创造一种荒芜、澹泊之境；吴则用湿墨，渲染出一种凄清、静穆之境。细观吴镇每一幅山水画，都给人以“水墨淋漓幛犹湿”的感觉。无论是山、树、水，还是船、渔父、房屋，无论是近景，还是远景，均如淋浴在水中，从而更使远方景物有千里之遥，营造了一种凄清、幽旷、寂寥的艺术氛围。\n吴镇画中的水墨效果是与他多种笔法、墨法的灵活运用密切相关的，湿墨决不是简单化的水量的增加。吴历云：“江山无尽、万里长江两卷，……浑然天成，五墨齐备，盖仲圭擅长，非后学者所能措手。”“五墨齐备”是吴镇用墨的高超之处，为更好地发挥墨效，吴镇在选择作画材料上很有讲究，画梅竹喜用纸，画山水则喜用绢。画山水何以选绢，因为绢有厚度，纤维富韧性，多次渲染而不皱折。吴镇非常熟悉笔、墨、绢的特点，作画中的五墨并施而不腻，反复皴擦而不胀，产生了浓而润、湿而厚、涩而不干、枯而不燥的艺术效果。吴镇清淡似水，出现了浓而透的效果。今天看吴镇作品，仍能透过作品清楚的辨别它们的组织关系。清王原祁曰：“梅道人泼墨，学者甚多，皆粗服乱头，挥洒以自鸣得意，于节节肯綮处，全无梦见。无怪乎有墨猪之诮也。”王原祁的这一评论反映了吴镇的用墨技术是非常人所能学到的。吴氏的墨法，倾倒了元以后的历代大家，沈周、文徵明、恽南田、四王、吴历、八大山人等均对吴镇墨法大加推崇。",[23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,7,36],"高清","国画","书画","水墨","皴法","写意","山水","孤舟","流水","树木","芦苇","渔翁","蓑笠","水面","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa87a6f1b399c367170da229c11d740f5.jpg","纸本","39x65","山水画精选",[40,42],"水墨画精选",96,3,"BDBDBD",{"id":47,"slug":48,"title":49,"dynasty":50,"author":51,"museum":52,"description":53,"tags":54,"thumbUrl":61,"material":62,"size":63,"collection":64,"collections":65,"showCount":68,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":69},221539,"xue-tan-shuang-lu-tu-ma-yuan-221539","雪滩双鹭图","宋","马远","台北故宫博物院","此图描绘雪后郊野水滨的景色。全图用笔苍劲有力，景物及白鹭皆以粗笔写出，不加刻意修饰却十分形象，白鹭的神态较为生动。全图构图严谨、造型生动、诗意盎然，为马远画中精品。\n画面以雪景为背景，从左侧伸出的带有积雪的树枝，向下弯曲后转向右上伸长，横斜曲折极富变化。左侧及下部的山石，以带水的墨笔作大斧劈皴画出方硬有棱角的“一角”。值得注意的是，整个画面表现出大雪天的寒气逼人、一片宁静，而枝头上两只跳动鸣叫的小鸟，则使之显得静中有动，增添了生机。前景的树枝、山石均以焦墨勾勒，山石后露出的竹叶施以浅色，其余均施以淡淡的水墨，笔墨技法的运用与描写对象的特征及作品意境相适应\n此图为江湖小景，梅枝斜出崖上。梅取折枝，并特别突出远折枝”成为它的突出风貌。图中近景的山石，以浓墨大斧劈勾皴点染， 远的山、水以淡墨勾染， 约略朦胧间自然拉开了空间远近的透视关系。梅树枝干虬曲，俯伸的拖枝一直探向水面，水边的几只鹭， 实际上是作为点缀物。画面境界十分幽远开阔。\n此图远处画雪山，空漯一片，近置溪流，冰棱历历，岸边枯荻老树参差，有数只白鹭闲憩，一样卷缩畏寒，表现了中国画习见的荒寒境界。此图亦体现出马远绘画简而刚的特点，山色溪涧皆在烟色微茫中，树取一枝，石取一角，溪出一湾。简率中透露出清旷之旨。用笔草草，只在写意，如树枝虬曲之态勾勒极为生动。\n此图以特写镜头式描绘双鹭在雪滩上栖息的情景。画中左侧上方画有巨石一角，下方还有奇石曲壁，在巨石与奇石之间伸出曲臂老梅一枝及一簇竹丛；在下边的水塘枯苇中有一对白鹭，一只藏在背风的石边苇子中，披着一身白羽，扭头张望，另一只在枯树干边缩颈御寒，虽然图中未见纷飞的雪花，确从老梅枝上的积雪及芦苇中的几处余雪，可见是雪后的河滩边，融雪更比下雪寒。一对白鹭或以静静栖息越冬，或已疲劳后同到雪滩来休息，在画面的上面有一对山雀在梅枝头，一只在俯首瞰视，一只刚落停枝头，发出喳喳叫声，因此引起苇塘中的白鹭昂首张望。但另一只毫无反映，只顾自己静静的酣睡。\n此图以禽鸟为山水之衬景，是融花鸟于山水及诗境的特殊表现形式。此图实景集中于左边角，崖壁与崎岖的石岸，配合着高悬其上的枯树，形成一个开阔的空间，将雪滩和白鹭涵纳其中，远山简单数笔，用淡墨烘出，空漾一片，写出了严寒的景象。\n此图与其他作品一样，在笔墨的运用上也很成功。作者用硬如曲铁的笔触来画树石，山石用浓墨勾出，以大斧劈及小斧劈画出石质坚硬，老梅枝曲枝有疏有密，又显苍老；芦苇用细笔淡墨画之。尤其对白鹭的描绘，在绢素本色上留白，淡墨轻勾，只有嘴及双腿用浓墨细笔画之，仔细观察羽毛绒绒，神态逼真，而且图中不只是一对可见的白鹭，主要是描写鹭鸟在雪滩上栖息时的静态。在梅枝头上的一对山雀，冬雪之后主要是描写他们在秃梅枝之问飞动栖伫的情况。上下两种鸟的姿态，是动静对比，也是画面上色差的对比。网右下方石际有马远款字。曾经明安桂坡、项元汴藏。",[23,24,25,55,26,27,56,57,7,58,59,60],"名画","留白","雪景","鹭鸟","枯树","岩石","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F87344f3b4cf68fea492a2b2e78463c8c.jpg","绢本","纵60厘米，横38厘米","宋画精选",[64,66,67],"花鸟画精选","设色画精选",70,"795548",{"id":71,"slug":72,"title":73,"dynasty":74,"author":75,"museum":76,"description":77,"tags":78,"thumbUrl":89,"material":90,"size":90,"collection":90,"collections":91,"showCount":92,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},220557,"cun-ge-xu-bei-hong-220557","村歌","民国","徐悲鸿","中央美术学院美术馆","这幅画作以写意笔墨勾勒乡野童趣，壮硕水牛低首拽绳，墨色浓淡晕出皮毛的厚重肌理，犄角弯劲尽显憨倔神态。顽童扑卧浅草，手脚舒展，粉衫素裙晕染出稚拙灵动，与水牛的沉浑形成生动反差。\n\n远景以淡墨轻扫烟霭朦胧的水泽汀洲，浅赭点染滩涂，将江南水乡的柔婉晕染开来。画面未作刻意雕琢，却把乡野间的松弛鲜活尽数铺陈，牧童嬉牛的日常瞬间，化作治愈悠然的田园牧歌，藏着最动人的乡土温情。",[24,26,79,28,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,7,88],"设色","牛","孩童","乡野","水乡","田园","童趣","治愈","浅草","水泽汀洲","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1f712e167bdddfd3099adcb0285d20e3.jpg","",[],31,{"id":94,"slug":95,"title":96,"dynasty":50,"author":51,"museum":52,"description":97,"tags":98,"thumbUrl":101,"material":102,"size":103,"collection":90,"collections":104,"showCount":105,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},290857,"xue-tan-shuang-lu-zhou-ma-yuan-290857","雪滩双鹭轴","雪崖枯枝，芦竹寒汀，滩旁四只白鹭，均做瑟缩之状，寒天的景致，令人有着身临其境的感觉。而浓淡墨色画出的树石、远山和芦草，对比于留白的积雪处，和几不见墨痕的白鹭们，在黑白之间，充分表现出清冷的意趣，达到了画雪得其清的境界。另从岩壁上伸出的枝干，曲折延伸，势如蛟龙升腾游动，这种笔势往下拖垂，形成长而斜向伸出的画枝方法，正是典型的「拖枝马远」风貌。",[24,55,99,26,79,29,100,57,59,7,58,27],"立轴","花鸟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcfa75c57e47aed948cb8b6beca83ae9f.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm",[],28,{"id":107,"slug":108,"title":109,"dynasty":110,"author":111,"museum":112,"description":113,"tags":114,"thumbUrl":121,"material":90,"size":90,"collection":90,"collections":122,"showCount":123,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":69},224210,"yun-shan-shui-tu-wu-chang-shuo-224210","云山水图","清","吴昌硕","藏地不详","以篆籀笔法入山水，阔笔泼墨点染远山苍莽朴拙，山居错落隐于林麓，野意横生。留白写江面悠悠，一叶扁舟随波，铺展出空寂淡远的烟江暮色。近岸老木虬曲、修竹横斜，用笔纵老苍劲，干湿浓淡的水墨交织晕染。\n题诗与画境相融，将暮山寻幽的闲逸心境诉诸笔端，突破柔隽山水的陈格，以写意风骨绘就晚秋江南萧疏淡远之致，笔墨间金石气裹挟着文人雅趣，简淡中见雄浑大气，尽显诗画合璧的文人风神。",[23,55,24,25,115,26,29,27,116,59,117,118,31,119,120,7],"长卷","树","石","小船","远山","竹子","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F99b3ba3916d6e873f7fe5bd0cbbb0434.jpg",[],21,1777535751618]