[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-tu-hao-wen":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},4300,"tu-hao-wen","兔毫纹","兔毫纹画高清赏析","精选中国历代兔毫纹题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9905ad1e41f905ade7e7826abeadd788.jpg",0,4,[14,34,45,57],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":27,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":31,"showCount":32,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},223872,"hei-you-tu-hao-zhan-yi-ming-223872","黑釉兔毫盏","宋","佚名","藏地不详","北宋文人所饮的茶系半发酵制成的茶饼，饮用前先碾成细末，放在茶碗内，倾入初沸的开水，于是水面涌起白色的泡末，宋人好为斗茶，即在凭此白色水线比试茶艺高低。蔡襄《茶录》认为饮茶当用建窑茶盏，一因其胎体粗厚能以手捧持，一因其最能衬映白色茶面。这种说法也为宋徽宗《大观茶论》所认同，所谓“盏色贵青黑，玉毫条达者为上，取其焕发茶采色也”，即指黑釉兔毫盏，因此今福建建阳的建窑窑址中发现盏底有“供御”、“进盏”字样的残件，显示其产品亦供宋代内廷使用。带铭刻的建盏有多种字样，如本器者尚未之见。",[18,23,24,7,25,26],"陶瓷","黑釉","茶具","器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fde2bddea5200ce3a062913f7e0e5ff70.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],7,"795548",{"id":35,"slug":36,"title":37,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":39,"thumbUrl":41,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":42,"collections":43,"showCount":44,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},260450,"ji-zhou-yao-hei-you-tu-hao-wen-wan-yi-ming-260450","吉州窑黑釉兔毫纹碗","吉州窑，是汉族传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，作为江南地区（江西吉安）一座举世闻名的综合性瓷窑，它具有浓厚的地方风格与汉民族艺术特色。吉州窑的丰富烧瓷，经验和名工巧匠对江西地区瓷业的发展提高，曾起过相当重要的促进作用。吉州古窑兴于晚唐，盛于两宋，衰于元末，因地命名，因当时永和又为东昌县治，故又名东昌窑、永和窑。吉州窑产品精美丰富，尤以黑釉瓷（亦称天目釉瓷）产品著称，其独创的“木叶天目”、“剪纸贴花天目”和“玳瑁天目”饮誉中外。洒釉、虎皮天目等也是吉州窑的标志性品种。\n卞向和在对中国陶瓷发展中对吉州窑有过认识，他指出：吉州窑在中国陶瓷发展中具有十分重要的意义，吉州窑不仅将中原的制瓷工艺溶于之中，还将吉州本地的人文情趣绘于瓷器上，并在造型，瓷的机理上有新的变化，使吉州窑成为中国瓷的重要品类，才使古代的欧洲、中东各国的王室贵族爱上吉州瓷。",[23,26,40,24,7],"日用具","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcc52d11dd1c646032bf8eda3b2bed543.jpg","瓷器精选",[42],5,{"id":46,"slug":47,"title":48,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":49,"tags":50,"thumbUrl":53,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":42,"collections":54,"showCount":55,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":56},257047,"jian-yao-hei-you-tu-hao-zhan-yi-ming-257047","建窑黑釉兔毫盏","建窑，是宋代福建烧造黑釉茶盏的著名窑场。窑址有芦花坪、牛皮仑、大路后山、营长乾等处，遗物分布面积约12万平方米。建窑创烧于晚唐五代， 历宋、元、明、清四代，烧瓷历史长达千年，而且对福建地区和江南广大地区都有很大影响。\n主要产品以盏、碗、盘、碟为主，兼烧盒、罐、壶、灯、炉、钵、梅瓶、冥器等，在宋代盛产黑釉瓷而闻名于世。足底有“供御”、“进盏”字铭的，应是为宋代宫廷烧制的贡品。黑釉盏的特征：胎含铁量高，一向有“铁胎”之称，胎体厚重，呈黑灰色、紫黑色，胎质粗糙坚硬，露胎处色沉而无光。造型多样，有大小敛口、敞口等不同形式，圈足小而浅，修胎草率有力，刀法自然，釉质刚润，釉色乌黑，器物内外施釉，外釉近底足，足底无釉而露胎。釉面有明显的垂流和窑变现象，有“兔毫”、“油滴”和“曜变”及“鹧鸪斑”等有名的品种。\n宋代是建窑的发展时期，以烧黑釉器而著称。兔毫斑、鹧鸪斑、曜变等釉色的名品就出在这里，以茶盏为多\n建窑的黑釉属于结晶釉的范畴，含铁量高达8% 以上。在1300多度的高温熔烧过程中，窑温的变化，使釉面产生奇特的花纹。\n由于宋代斗茶风尚盛行，而主烧适宜为斗茶的黑釉茶盏，亦称建盏，以水吉镇窑制品为最，北宋后期曾为宫廷烧制斗茶使用的黑釉盏，并于器底刻"进盏"、"供御"字样。建阳窑产品使用含铁高的原料做胎，因而胎色深黑坚硬，有"铁胎"之俗称，或名乌泥窑、黑建、乌泥建等。盏内外均施黑釉，外壁釉不到底，露黑色胎。",[18,23,24,7,51,52],"器皿","结晶釉技法","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F579c57a4322a155aa2da9cac24c9a56e.jpg",[42],3,"F48FB1",{"id":58,"slug":59,"title":60,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":61,"tags":62,"thumbUrl":10,"material":28,"size":29,"collection":30,"collections":65,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":33},231447,"you-mian-cu-wan-yi-ming-231447","釉面粗碗","宋代是传统制瓷工艺发展史上一个非常繁荣昌盛的时期。现时已发现的古代陶瓷遗址分布于全国170个县。其中有宋代窑址的就有130个县，占总数的75%。\n陶瓷史家通常将宋代陶瓷窑大致概括为6个瓷窑系，它们分别是：北方地区的定窑系、耀州窑系、钧窑系和磁州窑系；南方地区的龙泉青瓷系和景德镇的青白瓷系。这些窑系一方面具有因受其所在地区使用原材料的影响而具有的特殊性，另一方面又有受帝国时代的政治理念、文化习俗、工艺水平制约而具有的共同性。\n从造型的角度分析，宋瓷的器形较之前代更为丰富多彩，几乎包括了人民日常生活用器的大部分：碗、盘、壶、罐、盒、炉、枕、砚与水注等，其中最为多见的是玉壶春瓶。总的说来，民间用瓷的造型大部分是大方朴实、经济耐用；而宫廷用瓷则端庄典雅、雍容华贵。最能反映皇家气派的是哥、官、钧、汝与定窑口烧制的贡瓷，最能体现百姓喜乐的是磁州、耀州窑口烧制的民间瓷品。\n从纹饰上讲，宋瓷的纹饰题材表现手法都极为丰富独特。一般情况下，龙、凤、鹿、鹤、游鱼、花鸟、婴戏、山水景色等常作为主体纹饰而突现在各类器形的显著部位，而回纹、卷枝卷叶纹、云头纹、钱纹、莲瓣纹等多用作边饰间饰，用以辅助主题纹饰。工匠们用刻、划、剔、画和雕塑等不同技法，在器物上把纹样的神情意态与胎体的方圆长短巧妙结合起来，形成审美与实用的统一整体，令人爱不释手。如婴戏纹，或于碗心、或于瓶腹，将肌肤稚嫩，情态活泼的童子置于花丛之中，或一或二，或三五成群，攀树折花，追逐嬉戏，真切动人，生活气息甚为浓厚。",[63,23,24,7,64],"宋代","日用器",[],1777535761713]