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sculptures），为中国文化的重要组成部分。中国古代雕塑艺术的主要内容分别是陵墓雕塑（包括地上的纪念性石刻与墓室随葬俑）、宗教雕塑、民俗性及其他内容的雕塑。\n大型陵墓石刻肇始于汉代墓前的石人、石兽。存世的古代陵墓石刻主要为南朝宋、齐、梁、陈及唐、北宋、明、清各代帝陵和勋臣贵戚墓的遗存。北魏、辽、金、西夏等朝代陵墓遭严重破坏，仅有少量石刻遗留下来。南朝和唐代的作品代表了陵墓石刻的最高成就。自唐代乾陵起，以迄北宋，石刻的内容、配置方式，逐步形成定制，并为明、清两代所承袭。宗教雕塑主要保存于寺庙和石窟寺之内，由于寺庙毁损严重，石窟寺雕塑便成为宗教雕塑遗存的主要代表。石窟寺是开凿于山崖之上的宗教寺庙。以佛教为主，也有少量道教或其他宗教内容的造像。石窟形制源自印度，约于 3世纪传至中国。造窟风气最盛的时期为南北朝至唐代中期，约当5～8世纪。重要石窟多以皇室或勋臣贵戚雕造的大像为中心，由众多的窟、龛、摩崖造像等，构成庞大的石窟群。雕造的时间常延续10多个世纪。每个窟内又以立体雕塑本尊佛造像为中心，由弟子、菩萨（以后增加天王、力士）组成群像，四壁布满浮雕或壁画，形成浓厚的宗教氛围。由于造像和壁画、浮雕内容、样式的差异，而形成不同时期、不同地区的艺术风格。功能\n中国雕塑既可以是一个国家文化的标志和象征，又可作为该民族文化积累的产物。雕塑述说着民族发展的历史，凝聚着民族的精神和传统，代表着每一历史时期的精神面貌，反映着自古至今，人们的无限追求与执着信仰，展现价值观念及审美情趣。中国雕塑，城市建筑等，都是一个民族精神文明与物质文明最直观、最集中的表现。\n中国雕塑不仅仅是文化的产物，同时也是一个国际不可或缺的经济投资点。中国雕塑和其他其他国际建筑等共同构成世界高雅美丽的环境，使生活在城市中的人们受到优越的审美体验，感受到文化的魅力与美的精神，中国雕塑的存在影响了中国环境，提升了文化形象，产生了视觉空间的凝聚力，这就创造了一种对于环境的投资潜能。",[24,59,29,25,26,60,61,7],"宗教","人物","兽","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F5d41534d13dcade9bfedf364d5ee228c.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","",[],52,"37474F",{"id":70,"slug":71,"title":72,"dynasty":54,"author":55,"museum":56,"description":57,"tags":73,"thumbUrl":76,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":77,"showCount":78,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":79},288076,"wen-shu-pu-sa-zuo-xiang-yi-ming-288076","文殊菩萨坐像",[23,59,29,7,27,25,26,74,75],"大象","祥云","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0c6bee5b9cb582ea461ca75903fb25be.jpg",[],49,"795548",{"id":81,"slug":82,"title":83,"dynasty":18,"author":55,"museum":56,"description":84,"tags":85,"thumbUrl":89,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":90,"showCount":91,"zanCount":92,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},267341,"man-xiu-wen-shu-fo-xiang-zhou-yi-ming-267341","满绣文殊佛像轴","文殊菩萨，佛教菩萨名，梵文Maňjuśrī的音译，略称“文殊”，意为“妙德”“妙吉祥”等，新译“曼殊室利”。文殊师利菩萨是中国佛教四大菩萨之一，以论述“般若性空”和“般若方便”的理论著称。\n作为释迦牟尼佛的左胁侍，专司智慧，与司“理”的右胁侍普贤菩萨并称。此外，毗卢遮那如来、文殊菩萨、普贤菩萨被尊称为“华严三圣”。相传文殊菩萨的说法道场在山西五台山。\n文殊菩萨顶结五髻，以代表大日五智，手中持剑，表示以智慧为利剑，驾狮子以表示智慧之威猛。另外，文殊为相应众生的不同因缘，还会有不同形象的“示现”，如一字文殊、五字文殊、六字文殊、八字文殊、一髻文殊、五髻文殊、八髻文殊、儿文殊等。其中以五字五髻文殊最为常见。",[86,87,59,29,7,25,88],"立轴","满绣","人物造像","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3d3b4d61530b2345aaac456d6a9484ea.jpg",[],45,1,{"id":94,"slug":95,"title":96,"dynasty":97,"author":98,"museum":56,"description":84,"tags":99,"thumbUrl":105,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":106,"showCount":107,"zanCount":92,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},290933,"wen-shu-xi-xiang-tu-qian-xuan-290933","文殊洗象图","元","钱选",[23,100,24,101,102,59,25,60,61,74,7,103,104],"名画","书画","长卷","题字","印章","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fd7566961534675ffa5fae33026de3714.jpg",[],37,{"id":109,"slug":110,"title":111,"dynasty":97,"author":112,"museum":56,"description":113,"tags":114,"thumbUrl":121,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":122,"showCount":123,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},287592,"wei-mo-yan-jiao-tu-wang-zhen-peng-287592","维摩演教图","王振鹏","王振鹏（生卒年不详），字朋梅，浙江温州人。元代著名的画家，擅长人物画和宫廷界画，被元仁宗赐号为“孤云处士”，并官至漕运千户。传世作品有：《伯牙鼓琴图》《江山胜览图卷》《阿房宫图》《金明池图》。",[24,100,101,102,115,60,59,29,116,7,117,118,119,120],"白描","维摩诘","罗汉","天女","护法","狮子","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc40a4d0806de3db1968a0376916c5f4a.jpg",[],35,{"id":125,"slug":126,"title":127,"dynasty":18,"author":55,"museum":56,"description":128,"tags":129,"thumbUrl":134,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":135,"showCount":136,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},234432,"wen-shu-pu-sa-yuan-liu-tang-ka-zhi-yi-yi-ming-234432","文殊菩萨源流唐卡（之一）","唐卡（Thang-ga）也叫唐嘎，唐喀，系藏文音译，指用彩缎装裱后悬挂供奉的宗教卷轴画。唐卡是藏族文化中一种独具特色的绘画艺术形式，题材内容涉及藏族的历史、政治、文化和社会生活等诸多领域，传世唐卡大都是藏传佛教和本教作品。\n唐卡是藏族文化中一种独具特色的绘画艺术形式。具有鲜明的民族特点、浓郁的宗教色彩和独特的艺术风格，用明亮的色彩描绘出神圣的佛的世界；颜料传统上是全部采用金、银、珍珠、玛瑙、珊瑚、松石、孔雀石、朱砂等珍贵的矿物宝石和藏红花、大黄、蓝靛等植物为颜料以示其神圣。这些天然原料保证了所绘制的唐卡色泽鲜艳，璀璨夺目，虽经几百年的岁月，仍是色泽艳丽明亮。因此被誉为中国民族绘画艺术的珍品，被称为藏族的”百科全书”也是中华民族民间艺术中弥足珍贵的非物质文化遗产。\n传统唐卡的绘制要求严苛、程序极为复杂，必须按照经书中的仪轨及上师的要求进行，包括绘前仪式、制作画布、构图起稿、着色染色、勾线定型、铺金描银、开眼、缝裱开光等一整套工艺程序。制作一幅唐卡用时较长，短则半年完成，长则需要十余年。",[130,59,131,25,27,132,7,133,75],"唐卡","藏传佛教","佛教人物","楼阁","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F65b45f7044590ccff39d70666044e9ab.jpg",[],34,{"id":138,"slug":139,"title":140,"dynasty":18,"author":55,"museum":56,"description":84,"tags":141,"thumbUrl":142,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":143,"showCount":144,"zanCount":92,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":145},234427,"qing-ren-wen-shu-pu-sa-xiang-zhou-yi-ming-234427","清人文殊菩萨像轴",[24,86,101,25,27,59,29,7,120],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe8020d1c953ad0b415ed6a68867cc2df.jpg",[],31,"FDD835",{"id":147,"slug":148,"title":140,"dynasty":18,"author":55,"museum":56,"description":84,"tags":149,"thumbUrl":150,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":151,"showCount":152,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":79},234423,"qing-ren-wen-shu-pu-sa-xiang-zhou-yi-ming-234423",[24,86,25,60,59,29,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffc3471249135cb27ef0a43cfbfd4c73d.jpg",[],18,{"id":154,"slug":155,"title":156,"dynasty":157,"author":158,"museum":56,"description":84,"tags":159,"thumbUrl":160,"material":63,"size":64,"collection":65,"collections":161,"showCount":162,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":68},290020,"wen-shu-pu-sa-xiang-shi-ting-shi-dai-290020","文殊菩萨像","不详","室町时代",[23,24,59,29,60,61,2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