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往往成组塑造，还有舞台背景，较为生动，是制作俑的最后一个高潮，以山西出土为多。明清墓葬中俑的出现渐少。在高官王侯墓中出土有木俑和石俑，多以成群人物或辅以仪仗、侍从的庞大场面，用来炫耀死者地位为主，但作为雕塑制品已失去了艺术感染力。秦兵马俑的历史文化价值是独具魅力的。它打开了观察它所产生的那个时代的窗口，大大地改变了人们对那个时代的看法。\n秦兵马俑震撼世人的首推其卓越的艺术成就。几千件魁伟英武的大型陶塑艺术作品，以整体形象排列在将近两万平方米的空间里，其磅礴的气势几乎使所有不同肤色的参观者都从心灵深处产生强烈震颤，体现出艺术家驾驭宏大艺术题材、追求整体气韵和艺术创造的卓越才能。秦俑千人千面、呼之欲出的人物塑造则从形体把握、神韵处理、色彩运用、细部刻画等方面表现出作者的艺术素养和艺术成就。作品写实主义的风格不仅给我们留下了一个高超的古代艺术范本，同时也留下了许多关于那个时代的极富价值的历史记录。严肃划一的军旅题材能够处理得如此生动，产生如此震撼人心的艺术魅力，使人们不得不换一副眼光来审视中国古代艺术发展历程中的特殊规律，重新探索和构架中国古代造型艺术发展的历史。\n秦兵马俑坑文物的出土也较大幅度地改写了人们对秦代的科技水平的认识，以大量的实证材料形象地展现了秦代生产力的发展水平。就科技史而言，秦俑坑发现的许多资料都是令世人震惊的。譬如：1、秦俑坑出土文物所展现的秦代冶金和金属加工技术比我们以往的估计要高出很多，其中青铜涂铬防锈技术的大量应用是最具代表性的一例，它在当时已是一种很成熟的技术，秦俑出土的绝大多数兵器表面都涂有这种保护层。这种绝技似乎从汉代以后就失传了，与之形成鲜明对比的是，两千多年后的1937年，现代镀铬技术才在德国产生，并以专利发明载入了史册。2、秦俑坑出土兵器明确印证了秦简中关于“为器同物者，其小大、短长”是一种标准化概念，秦人在标准化实践方面取得了惊人的成就。这种标准化既是秦人管理艺术发展的代表，也是秦代科技水平的标志。秦人加工的青铜弩机器件精密、形体标准，相同规格的器件完全可以互换。许多特殊的加工工艺，如青铜铍脊上的纹饰生成，纤如毫发的金属小孔钻刻技艺，也都令人叹为观止，一些工艺至今还是不解之谜。由于古代统治者们有重政治、重伦理、崇人事而轻科技的倾向，史书关于科技的记载往往简略残缺，秦代科技资料更是凤毛麟角。正因为如此，秦俑考古的历史文化价值也就更加重要。\n俑坑数千兵马俑所展示的军事内容无疑是军事史研究的最重要的、最形象的资料之一，许多资料使人们对古代军事领域的认识更进一步。譬如，关于当时的兵种构成、组合搭配和结阵形式，兵器、兵器配置形式以及甲具防护装备，军伍组织结构和指挥系统，甚至军伍士卒的来源等，都有珍贵的资料价值。二号坑弩兵的单独结阵，骑兵、轻车兵的编队和配合，是以前有所不知或知之不详的重要资料，以之对照《孙膑兵法》中关于车、步、骑配合原则的论述，给人留下的印象是极其深刻的。古代军事著述中关于兵器配置中长短相杂、相救的原则在秦俑坑兵器配置中也有直观表现，同样有其军事科学上的研究价值。难怪有人将秦俑三坑称为一座内容丰厚的秦代军事博物馆。\n历史本身赋予了秦俑多种历史文化价值。秦俑所折射的历史层面既多又广，在建筑史、服饰史、制度史尤其是王陵制度史等方面，具有独特的认识价值。即使秦俑的身高、体魄、服饰发髻、刻记文字以及秦人在俑坑留下的生产工具和劳作痕迹，都能从不同侧面反映出秦代社会生活的真实影像，反映出一个时代的文化特质，反映出秦兴亡的历史真谛。\n秦俑坑出土文物的精美和丰富，是文物所代表的那个时代物质成就的直接见证。它让人们重新认识和评价那个时代，也提出了许多值得探讨的历史课题，譬如关于帝王权力的重新认识、秦代文化的特质、秦在中国历史发展中的地位等。与之相联系的是，秦始皇的历史评价又一次成为人们关注的话题，秦俑坑出土文物所反映的科技水平和生产能力，在一定程度上反映出秦始皇所起的某种积极作用，同时也从一个侧面证实史书中提到的秦代好大喜功、横征暴敛的统治问题。秦俑考古还在继续，相信对这些问题的研究将会随着考古的进展而不断深入。",[118,121,122,26,123,7],"陶瓷","俑","雕刻","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9e494daa38dcc35fd1dda52e70721953.jpg",[],3,"37474F",{"id":129,"slug":130,"title":131,"dynasty":18,"author":132,"museum":20,"description":133,"tags":134,"thumbUrl":139,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":140,"showCount":126,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},232229,"dancer-in-blue-at-the-barre-circa-1889-private-collection-pastel-de-jia-232229","Dancer in Blue at the Barre - circa 1889 - Private collection - pastel","德加","埃德加·德加（Edgar Degas，1834年7月19日—1917年9月27日），印象派重要画家。他出身于金融资本家的家庭，他的祖父是个画家，因此他从小就生长在一个非常关心艺术的家庭中。\n中学毕业后，德加报考了美术学校，他在意大利学习意大利的艺术，特别是文艺复兴时期的艺术。与此同时，他又在让-奥古斯特·多米尼克·安格尔（Jean-Suguste Dominique Ingres，1780-1867）的一位得意门生路易·拉莫特（Louis Lamott）的画室里学画。\n1917年9月27日，埃德加·德加逝世于巴黎，享年83岁。",[135,136,73,137,7,138],"印象派","粉彩画","芭蕾舞者","蓝色舞裙","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F02bd945c55e7c4df0b269b68cfeffc8f.jpg",[],{"id":142,"slug":143,"title":144,"dynasty":18,"author":132,"museum":20,"description":133,"tags":145,"thumbUrl":147,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":148,"showCount":126,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":127},232182,"de-jia-89-de-jia-232182","德加89",[146,135,73,137,7],"油画","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffac359e9a63d48d5c0e42ada444c58a0.jpg",[],{"id":150,"slug":151,"title":152,"dynasty":18,"author":132,"museum":20,"description":133,"tags":153,"thumbUrl":158,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":159,"showCount":126,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},232154,"de-jia-76-de-jia-232154","德加76",[135,154,26,105,137,155,156,7,157,106],"粉彩","舞裙","足尖","幕布","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe4450564c8ef918dd359f01e0c5ddfa2.jpg",[],{"id":161,"slug":162,"title":163,"dynasty":18,"author":101,"museum":20,"description":102,"tags":164,"thumbUrl":165,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":166,"showCount":126,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":167},231212,"su-miao-466-xi-fang-231212","素描466",[104,26,7,107,106],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F72cf094d48d6094d53e582aab01af4f5.jpg",[],"BDBDBD",{"id":169,"slug":170,"title":171,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":172,"tags":173,"thumbUrl":178,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":179,"showCount":180,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":167},289170,"goya-provincial-dance-from-images-yi-ming-289170","Goya--Provincial Dance, from Images","奔放的明暗墨色勾勒出乡野舞蹈的鲜活瞬间，男女舞者沉醉在节拍之中，男子高举饰旗，舞步昂扬，女子身姿舒展，眉目低垂间满是松弛沉醉。背景乐手以淡墨晕染虚化，朦胧烘托出热闹氛围。\n粗率随性的笔触褪去雕琢痕迹，浓淡层次将人物身形利落区分，把民间庆典里的酣畅烟火气凝于纸面，仿佛能听见弦乐轻响与踏地节拍，蓬勃质朴的生命力随着笔墨流淌，将乡野欢聚的松弛热烈永远定格。",[26,7,146,174,175,176,177],"淡彩","乐器","风俗画","欢乐","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F599401432c400763de4bbf52cd76bee2.jpg",[],2,{"id":182,"slug":183,"title":184,"dynasty":185,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":119,"tags":186,"thumbUrl":190,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":191,"showCount":180,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":127},254571,"tao-hua-cai-wu-dao-nv-yong-yi-ming-254571","陶画彩舞蹈女俑","南北朝",[185,121,25,187,26,188,7,122,189],"画彩","美人","陶塑","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F56ab2a0be6d6f777f13a26cde6ec3929.jpg",[],{"id":193,"slug":194,"title":195,"dynasty":118,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":119,"tags":196,"thumbUrl":197,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":198,"showCount":180,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},252860,"tao-wu-dao-nan-yong-yi-ming-252860","陶舞蹈男俑",[118,121,122,26,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa3177748f3b2e908eb823c533026d311.jpg",[],{"id":200,"slug":201,"title":202,"dynasty":18,"author":203,"museum":20,"description":204,"tags":205,"thumbUrl":211,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":212,"showCount":180,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},232309,"a-er-ma-36-lao-lun-si-a-er-ma-ta-de-ma-232309","阿尔玛36","劳伦斯·阿尔玛-塔德玛","劳伦斯·阿尔玛-塔德玛（Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1836年1月8日—1912年6月25日）是英国维多利亚时代的知名画家，他的作品以豪华描绘古代世界（中世纪前）而闻名。\n生于荷兰的德龙赖普（Dronrijp），他的父亲彼得·塔德玛（Pieter Tadema）是一名公证人，在他4岁时便去世了。阿尔玛是他教父的名字，他的生母是他父亲的第二名妻子，家庭人口相当众多。家里原准备让他继承父业，但他表现出了对艺术的强烈偏好，因此将他送至安特卫普，在1852年进入了那里的艺术学院，并在亨德利克·利思（Hendrik Leys）的画室学习。",[70,146,73,206,207,7,208,209,210],"西方古典题材","古典庆典","打击乐器","田园场景","神话元素","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fdb703c6be146701b389ee347063b42ba.jpg",[],{"id":214,"slug":215,"title":216,"dynasty":18,"author":132,"museum":20,"description":133,"tags":217,"thumbUrl":220,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":221,"showCount":180,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":46},232218,"dancer-with-a-bouquet-of-flowers-rhode-island-school-of-design-museum-of-art-usa-de-jia-232218","Dancer with a Bouquet of Flowers - - - Rhode Island School of Design Museum of Art (USA)",[70,146,135,26,137,7,218,25,105,219],"舞台","扇面","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffbe34b4540429e93728b7d100e8feed9.jpg",[],{"id":223,"slug":224,"title":225,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":226,"tags":227,"thumbUrl":232,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":233,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":167},289548,"attributed-to-louis-binet-costume-drawing-lady-and-gentleman-dancing-yi-ming-289548","Attributed to Louis Binet--Costume Drawing Lady and Gentleman Dancing","这幅素描以细腻明暗笔触，定格下旧日舞池的浪漫瞬间。女郎曳地裙摆随舞步漾开柔美的褶皱，高耸饰缎礼帽衬得身姿窈窕，侧脸噙着笑意，全然沉醉在舞步之中。身旁绅士微微俯身，目光凝在女伴身上，姿态亲昵温柔。\n\n角落观舞老者悠然倚坐，为画面添上松弛余韵。画家用精准线条勾勒华服层次，淡墨晕染出光影虚实，将洛可可时代贵族社交的慵懒雅致尽数铺展，仿佛能听见舞池弦乐轻响，把十八世纪上流社会的缱绻情调，永远封存在纸面之上。",[26,7,104,228,229,230,231],"西洋画","室内场景","贵族服饰","社交","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffed8279660b3f64f90c97c3a6a5c6391.jpg",[],{"id":235,"slug":236,"title":237,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":238,"tags":239,"thumbUrl":242,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":243,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":167},289319,"francesco-allegrini-seated-female-nude-and-dancing-female-figure-yi-ming-289319","Francesco Allegrini--Seated Female Nude and Dancing Female Figure","这幅速写以灵动奔放的线条捕捉两个女性的迥异姿态，左侧裸女沉静舒展，肌肉的起伏轮廓在虚实交错的线条中自然晕开，带着松弛柔和的沉静气质。右侧舞者则热烈外放，飞扬的衣褶以顿挫的排线勾勒，肢体扭转腾跃的动感呼之欲出。\n\n创作者以高度凝练的笔触精准拿捏人体动态张力，寥寥数笔便将两个女性的神韵全然托出，随性的草稿痕迹带着即兴创作的鲜活质感，粗粝纸面与随性笔触碰撞出质朴的生命力，把转瞬即逝的姿态定格为永恒的视觉悸动。",[73,240,104,105,241,7],"白描","裸女","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F60183fe2d9899b674a6f0749f9152d36.jpg",[],{"id":245,"slug":246,"title":247,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":248,"tags":249,"thumbUrl":252,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":253,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":113},289196,"goya-a-young-woman-and-a-bull-yi-ming-289196","Goya--A Young Woman and a Bull","少女舒展双臂扬着脸，眉眼漾着明亮笑意，卷发垂落肩头，衬得身姿鲜活灵动，仿佛正踩着热烈节拍翩然起舞，纱裙褶皱蓬松柔软，笔触勾勒出裙摆翻飞的轻盈质感。一旁公牛静立石墙沿，粗粝线条晕出厚重野性，沉郁沉默地注视着眼前的鲜活。\n\n热烈与钝重、轻盈与粗粝在此碰撞，将西班牙市集独有的民俗烟火气揉在画面里，仿佛能听见响板脆响与周遭欢呼，鲜活的人间意趣顺着笔尖漫溢开来。",[104,188,250,26,251,7],"牛","动物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3c3ed8694606de4d1e56e534400454c6.jpg",[],{"id":255,"slug":256,"title":257,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":258,"tags":259,"thumbUrl":267,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":268,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":127},289094,"jean-jacques-lagrene-e-landscape-with-a-scene-from-fe-nelon-s-yi-ming-289094","Jean Jacques Lagrenée--Landscape with a Scene from Fénelon's","月夜郊野晕染在幽蓝底色之上，淡墨铺就林影与云絮，朦胧柔润。滩涂弃舟静卧，和林间翩然舞动的身影形成静动对冲。远处古堡隐在月色云霭间，将郊野实景揉进幻梦叙事里。\n\n灵动群像打破夜色沉郁，带着古典牧歌式的松弛浪漫，让山野月夜化作神话逸事的舞台。光影借月色铺陈出幽谧氛围，晕染笔触将自然与人文叙事相融，在静谧夜色与欢愉群像的碰撞中，晕开复古诗意，把浪漫遐想藏进朦胧底色里。",[146,260,261,262,263,26,7,264,265,266],"月夜","树林","河流","孤舟","古典风景","云彩","神话场景","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F405126ff43080dc98027c73148a0bcc6.jpg",[],{"id":270,"slug":271,"title":272,"dynasty":273,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":119,"tags":274,"thumbUrl":276,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":277,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":278},254600,"tao-hua-cai-wu-dao-nv-li-yong-yi-ming-254600","陶画彩舞蹈女立俑","唐",[273,121,25,26,7,122,275],"彩画","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fc128483c2d4f6205c33c061e30611a6f.jpg",[],"F48FB1",{"id":280,"slug":281,"title":282,"dynasty":118,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":119,"tags":283,"thumbUrl":286,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":287,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":127},253361,"tao-hua-cai-wu-dao-yong-yi-ming-253361","陶画彩舞蹈俑",[118,284,285,26,7,122,189,25],"陶","彩绘","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F303fcd4a99f22328f4128aeabf1ece87.jpg",[],{"id":289,"slug":290,"title":291,"dynasty":18,"author":132,"museum":20,"description":133,"tags":292,"thumbUrl":295,"material":40,"size":41,"collection":42,"collections":296,"showCount":45,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":127},232240,"dancer-leaving-her-dressing-room-circa-1879-private-collection-pastel-de-jia-232240","Dancer 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