[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1011},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-yin-hua":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},4203,"yin-hua","印花","印花画高清赏析","精选中国历代印花题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1e60cbf2028206e014fa3280ebb90bcf.jpg",0,109,[14,36,50,62,71,81,90,102,113,129,139,151,160,172,182,192,200,208,218,226,233,241,251,262,272,281,290,300,311,318,326,336,345,353,360,368,376,386,395,404,413,423,436,453,462,474,485,495,504,514,521,529,537,546,556,564,573,581,590,598,607,613,620,630,638,646,656,664,672,681,689,698,705,715,725,734,741,749,756,764,770,778,791,798,804,813,821,829,837,846,855,862,871,879,886,894,901,910,919,928,936,945,956,965,973,981,988,996,1003],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":29,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":33,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},227419,"jin-shi-er-shi-san-shi-ji-ding-yao-yin-hua-fen-ge-si-ji-hua-hui-wan-yi-ming-227419","金 十二~十三世纪 定窑 印花分格四季花卉碗","宋","佚名","藏地不详","定窑是中国传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，宋代六大窑系之一，它是继唐代的邢窑白瓷之后兴起的一大瓷窑体系。主要产地在今河北省保定市曲阳县（原属今定州市）的涧磁村、野北村及东燕川村、西燕川村一带，因该地区唐宋时期属定州管辖，故名定窑。\n定窑原为民窑，北宋中后期开始烧造宫廷用瓷。创烧于唐，极盛于北宋及金，终于元，以产白瓷著称，兼烧黑釉、酱釉和绿釉瓷，文献分别称其为黑定、紫定和绿定。\n定窑从邢窑而来，由于历史的变迁，定窑随着地域变化，新瓷土料的运用和制瓷工艺的进步。卞向和认为：定窑最大的贡献就是在中国陶瓷发展的历史上闪烁过光芒，在中国陶瓷史和世界的陶瓷发展史上留下辉煌的一页。\n定窑，是中国北方白瓷的中心，始于唐，为邢窑的后继者，在五代时期就已经发达。以往文献多记载窑址在河北正定，1938年在河北省曲阳县涧瓷村发现古窑址。近年又多次发掘调查，发现了最下层堆积着晚唐的破片；中层的是五代时就已大量生产；最上层为印花、画花的薄瓷片，是属于北宋中期以后，在政和、宣和年间。这些薄瓷片，胎质坚致，釉泽莹润，花纹优美，确是很精进的品种；且有些是官窑性质的，如”尚食局、禁苑、奉华、官”等胎上刻字破片的发现，便可证明。另在西燕山遗址发现粗瓷片的堆集，以及各地普遍发现的定窑瓷器及破片，又能证明定窑在北宋早期以后，也曾大量烧造民间使用的瓷器。定窑以烧造白瓷为主，也烧颜色釉，如红定、紫定和黑定等。根据《君友会-新民窑》记载，定窑，从北宋起，地位增高，各地仿制者颇多。在定窑本身概念中，就孳乳出各种名称，单就白定一种，就有土定、粉定之分。土定，有瓦胎和陶胎两种。瓦胎为淡赤色的土质，陶胎为白土而略黄，质皆松，体较厚；袖色白色中闪黄或闪赤，容易剥落，或有大开片，是原始的及民用的定器。粉定，是进步的及官用的定器，有陶胎和瓷胎，胎质致密而体薄，釉色纯白如牛乳者，或带淡赤色，釉中往往有刷纹，釉面凝聚，如有泪痕。",[23,7,24,25,26,27,28],"陶瓷","白瓷","宋金时期","四季花卉","分格","器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F88a80e945d5c9f4a8e735a552727075a.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","瓷器精选",[32],14,"795548",{"id":37,"slug":38,"title":39,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":40,"thumbUrl":46,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":47,"showCount":48,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},256320,"ding-yao-bai-you-yin-hua-chan-zhi-mu-dan-wen-pan-yi-ming-256320","定窑白釉印花缠枝牡丹纹盘",[41,23,42,43,7,44,45],"宋代","定窑","白釉","缠枝","牡丹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F1b85118b6f52e62619eb20c978168246.jpg",[32],9,"BDBDBD",{"id":51,"slug":52,"title":53,"dynasty":54,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":55,"tags":56,"thumbUrl":58,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":60,"showCount":48,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":61},223819,"bai-ci-yin-hua-yu-wen-bei-yi-ming-223819","白瓷印花鱼纹杯","唐","又称“中国白”。白瓷历史悠久，邢窑是中国最早的白瓷窑址。唐代七大名窑之一，有中华白瓷鼻祖美誉的邢窑。邢窑创烧于北朝晚期，经过隋朝的飞速发展，到唐朝已达到鼎盛阶段，衰落于唐末五代时期，成为我国早期生产白瓷的中心。距今已有1500余年的历史，其精美的细白瓷作为贡品入主宫廷，还远销海内外十几个国家和地区。\n邢窑邢白瓷的发明与制作，打破了自商代以来，青瓷一统天下的局面，形成南方以浙江慈溪越窑为代表的青瓷和北方以河北内丘邢窑为代表的白瓷并驾齐驱、平分秋色的格局，形成了 “南青北白”的格局。\n邢窑白瓷分为粗白瓷和细白瓷。",[54,23,24,7,57],"鱼纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F63d345aecf02ad2404c792d5930cdf48.jpg","",[],"F48FB1",{"id":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":66,"tags":67,"thumbUrl":10,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":70,"showCount":48,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},223718,"qing-ci-yin-hua-ju-hua-wan-yi-ming-223718","青瓷印花菊花碗","敞口，斜直壁，小圈足，足脊无釉，有窑渣痕。内外施青绿釉。碗内壁模印花纹，内心为菊花，内壁为缠枝菊纹，外壁刻菊瓣纹。浅灰色胎，釉层较厚，有气泡",[18,23,68,7,69,28],"青瓷","菊花",[],{"id":72,"slug":73,"title":74,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":75,"thumbUrl":78,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":79,"showCount":80,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},256305,"ding-yao-bai-you-yin-hua-feng-xian-hua-wen-li-shi-wan-yi-ming-256305","定窑白釉印花凤衔花纹笠式碗",[18,23,43,7,76,77,28],"凤","花","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb094174b6f760c404b923c9fcf80db87.jpg",[32],8,{"id":82,"slug":83,"title":84,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":85,"thumbUrl":87,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":88,"showCount":89,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},256771,"ding-yao-yin-hua-chi-long-wen-pan-yi-ming-256771","定窑印花螭龙纹盘",[18,23,7,86,28],"龙","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F364e923d277964e2e3cac204c0166fed.jpg",[32],7,{"id":91,"slug":92,"title":93,"dynasty":94,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":95,"tags":96,"thumbUrl":99,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":100,"showCount":101,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},264515,"hu-se-yin-hua-wen-yang-bu-yi-ming-264515","湖色印花纹洋布","清","湖色底布匀净柔和，如春日初融的湖面漾着清浅柔光。紫花团簇饱满柔丽，浅蓝碎花与嫩绿叶脉作为点缀，将主次层次晕染得细腻灵动。四方连续的纹样排布规整，带着舒缓均衡的韵律感，既有机器印花的工整精致，又裹挟着东方花植纹样的温婉意趣。西洋织造的秩序感融着中式雅致花型，将日常织物的烟火气揉进秀美的纹样里，恬淡清新，尽显旧时日常织物的温柔格调。",[97,7,98],"布料","花卉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F748c8dd0047a5e53fa84fb1f0228dd5b.jpg",[],6,{"id":103,"slug":104,"title":105,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":106,"thumbUrl":109,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":110,"showCount":111,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":112},256316,"ding-yao-bai-you-yin-hua-chan-zhi-mu-dan-lian-hua-wen-pan-yi-ming-256316","定窑白釉印花缠枝牡丹莲花纹盘",[41,42,43,7,107,108,23,28],"缠枝牡丹","莲花纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F7dfd7f72a8497b0741dcba6879d844d9.jpg",[32],5,"37474F",{"id":114,"slug":115,"title":116,"dynasty":117,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":118,"tags":119,"thumbUrl":126,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":127,"showCount":128,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":112},257617,"long-quan-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-long-wen-shou-dai-er-bian-fu-hu-lu-ping-yi-ming-257617","龙泉窑青釉印花龙纹绶带耳扁腹葫芦瓶","明","龙泉窑是中国历史上的一个名窑，宋代六大窑系。汉族传统制瓷工艺的珍品。因其主要产区在浙江省龙泉市而得名。它开创于三国两晋，结束于清代，生产瓷器的历史长达1600多年，是中国制瓷历史上最长的一个瓷窑系，它的产品畅销于亚洲、非洲、欧洲的许多国家和地区，影响十分深远。龙泉窑以烧制青瓷而闻名，在北宋早期以前的产品风格受越窑、瓯窑、婺州窑的影响，特征与三窑的产品相似。胎质较粗，胎体较厚，釉色淡青，釉层稍簿。\n1998年3月，宋代的龙泉窑青釉莲瓣纹瓶从英国追回。\n龙泉窑因在今浙江龙泉县，故名，属我国南方青瓷系统。创造于北宋早期，南宋中晚期进入鼎盛时期，至明代中叶以后渐趋衰落，传世的龙泉青瓷下限至清康熙年间，烧造历史达七、八百年之久。北宋时期的龙泉青瓷，胎骨较厚，胎土淡灰，底足露胎处见赭褐色窑红，胎微出烧，釉的玻化程度好，釉层透明，釉表光泽很强。装饰花纹较简练，常见纹样有鱼纹、蕉叶、金枝、荷花等。装饰风格趋于奔放。处于南宋鼎盛时期的龙泉青瓷，形成了自已独有的艺术风格，显示了独特的魅力。\n南宋龙泉青瓷的造型亦形成自已的风格，稳重大方，浑厚淳朴而又不失秀媚，器型丰富多样，装饰普遍采用刻花和堆塑法，颇具艺术匠心。\n元代龙泉青瓷烧造量大，风格与南宋迥异：器型高大、胎体厚重；胎色为白中带灰或淡黄；釉色为粉青带黄绿，光泽较强，釉层半透明；装饰手法多种多样，有刻、划、印、贴、塑等，以划花为主，花纹粗略，线条奔放，纹饰以云龙、飞凰、双鱼、八仙、八卦、牡丹、荷叶等为多见。此外，还大量出现汉文和八思巴文字款铭。\n明代龙泉青瓷走向衰弱，器物胎体厚重，制作粗糙，胎色为灰黄，釉层厚，透明度高，釉表光泽强，釉色有青灰、茶叶末、灰黄等几种，装饰以釉下刻花为主，亦有模印人物故事的装饰方法。\n宋代龙泉青瓷是青瓷工艺的历史高峰。其青瓷的釉色与质地之美，亦如巧夺天工的人造美玉，全世人为之倾倒。\n那么，在漫长的历史长河中，龙泉窑又经历了怎样的发展轨迹呢?朱伯谦先生在《龙泉窑青瓷》一书中曾将龙泉窑的发展归纳为开创、发展、鼎盛和衰落四个阶段：魏晋和五代十国是开创时期，瓷窑少，生产时断时续，处于就地销售断断续续的生产阶段；北宋至南宋前期是发展期，瓷窑发展快，逐渐形成一个较大的瓷窑体系；南宋后期至元代是鼎盛期，瓷窑迅速发展，青瓷质量大大提高，产品畅销国内外广大市场；明清是衰落期，尤其是明代中期以后龙泉窑处境艰难，瓷窑不断地倒闭减少，至清代晚期结束。如果说这四个阶段勾勒出了龙泉窑发展历史的整个脉络，那么，龙泉窑发展史上的三次辉煌期则是连贯发展脉络的重点和要点。",[117,120,121,7,122,86,123,124,125,23,68],"龙泉窑","青釉","龙纹","绶带耳","扁腹","葫芦瓶","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F51225c8bdfab3ed909665d4c6190d405.jpg",[32],4,{"id":130,"slug":131,"title":132,"dynasty":133,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":134,"tags":135,"thumbUrl":137,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":138,"showCount":128,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":112},256983,"qing-you-yin-hua-dai-gai-tuo-hu-yi-ming-256983","青釉印花带盖唾壶","隋","中国瓷器著名传统颜色釉。亦称“青瓷釉”。古代南方青釉，是瓷器最早的颜色釉。\n所谓“青釉”，颜色并不是纯粹的青，有：月白、天青、粉青、梅子青、豆青、豆绿、翠青等，但多少总能泛出一点青绿色。同时，古人往往将青、绿、蓝三种颜色，一统称为“青色”，例如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》称：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也、蓝也，皆以青括之。”刘子芬《竹园陶说》中也说：“青色一种，常与蓝色相混。雨过天晴，钧窑、元窑之青，皆近蓝色。”“惟千峰翠色、梅子青、豆青、乃为纯青耳。天色本蓝，有时为青。”\n青釉是我国使用最早，延用时间最久，分布最广的一个釉种，它的发明是与我国瓷土矿大都含有一定量的铁矿的现象相一致的。青色也符合我国人民的传统审美情趣。青色与碧玉相若，认为稳重而高雅。浙江、江西、河南等地已出土了不少早至商周时期的原始青釉瓷。六朝至唐宋以越窑为代表的南方青釉瓷；宋到元明的龙泉窑系青瓷；耀州窑、临汝窑、钧窑等宋代北方青瓷；以及明、清以来的景德镇青釉瓷，是青釉发展的几个重要阶段，所谓的宋代“汝、定、官、哥、钧”五大名窑，除定窑外均属青釉瓷。表釉的呈色主要决定于着色氧化物的含铁量与烧成气氛，青釉含铁量一般在1—3%左右，过高会变成黑釉，低了就能烧成白瓷。在还原气氛中烧成。釉色青绿；在氧化气氛中烧成，釉色泛黄。因而陶瓷界所谓的青釉是相对而言的，正如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中所说：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也，蓝也，皆以青括之。”",[23,121,7,136,28],"日用器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F8335efe740ba54c629e9d2f9f27ef69e.jpg",[],{"id":140,"slug":141,"title":142,"dynasty":143,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":144,"tags":145,"thumbUrl":149,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":150,"showCount":128,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},256971,"qian-he-you-yin-hua-ren-wu-wen-bian-ping-yi-ming-256971","铅褐釉印花人物纹扁瓶","南北朝","宋代是传统制瓷工艺发展史上一个非常繁荣昌盛的时期。现时已发现的古代陶瓷遗址分布于全国170个县。其中有宋代窑址的就有130个县，占总数的75%。\n陶瓷史家通常将宋代陶瓷窑大致概括为6个瓷窑系，它们分别是：北方地区的定窑系、耀州窑系、钧窑系和磁州窑系；南方地区的龙泉青瓷系和景德镇的青白瓷系。这些窑系一方面具有因受其所在地区使用原材料的影响而具有的特殊性，另一方面又有受帝国时代的政治理念、文化习俗、工艺水平制约而具有的共同性。\n从造型的角度分析，宋瓷的器形较之前代更为丰富多彩，几乎包括了人民日常生活用器的大部分：碗、盘、壶、罐、盒、炉、枕、砚与水注等，其中最为多见的是玉壶春瓶。总的说来，民间用瓷的造型大部分是大方朴实、经济耐用；而宫廷用瓷则端庄典雅、雍容华贵。最能反映皇家气派的是哥、官、钧、汝与定窑口烧制的贡瓷，最能体现百姓喜乐的是磁州、耀州窑口烧制的民间瓷品。\n从纹饰上讲，宋瓷的纹饰题材表现手法都极为丰富独特。一般情况下，龙、凤、鹿、鹤、游鱼、花鸟、婴戏、山水景色等常作为主体纹饰而突现在各类器形的显著部位，而回纹、卷枝卷叶纹、云头纹、钱纹、莲瓣纹等多用作边饰间饰，用以辅助主题纹饰。工匠们用刻、划、剔、画和雕塑等不同技法，在器物上把纹样的神情意态与胎体的方圆长短巧妙结合起来，形成审美与实用的统一整体，令人爱不释手。如婴戏纹，或于碗心、或于瓶腹，将肌肤稚嫩，情态活泼的童子置于花丛之中，或一或二，或三五成群，攀树折花，追逐嬉戏，真切动人，生活气息甚为浓厚。",[23,146,7,147,148,28],"铅褐釉","人物","宗教","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2d557f47a649d61d22d63f241180096d.jpg",[],{"id":152,"slug":153,"title":154,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":144,"tags":155,"thumbUrl":157,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":158,"showCount":128,"zanCount":159,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},223787,"qing-bai-ci-yin-hua-shuang-feng-wen-wan-yi-ming-223787","青白瓷印花双凤纹碗",[18,23,7,156,28],"凤纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Ffb405065b922e8809ff360fe921e6254.jpg",[],1,{"id":161,"slug":162,"title":163,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":164,"tags":165,"thumbUrl":169,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":170,"showCount":171,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},261818,"yao-zhou-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-tong-zi-wan-lian-wen-wan-yi-ming-261818","耀州窑青釉印花童子玩莲纹碗","耀州窑是中国传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，宋代六大窑系。位于今陕西省铜川市的黄堡镇，唐宋时属耀州治，在唐代就是中国陶瓷烧制的著名产地，宋代更进一步达到鼎盛，成为我国“宋代六大窑系”中的一个窑系。\n耀州窑是北方青瓷的代表。唐代开始烧制黑釉、白釉、青釉、茶叶末釉和白釉绿彩、褐彩、黑彩以及三彩陶器等。宋、金以青瓷为主。北宋是耀州的鼎盛时期，据记载且为朝廷烧造“贡瓷”。金代延续北宋时期继续发展，元代开始转型，走向末落，经明代、清代，终于民国。\n耀州窑始于唐代，北宋末为鼎盛期，宋代六大窑系，终于民国。其窑址位于陕西省铜川市黄堡镇，旧称同官，宋代时属耀州，故名“耀州窑”，包括陈炉镇、立地镇、上店镇及玉华宫等窑在内。是宋代北方民间青瓷的主要产区之一。\n宋代晚期以青瓷为主，胎薄质坚，釉面光洁匀静，色泽青幽，呈半透明状，十分淡雅。装饰有刻花、印花，结构严谨丰满，线条自由流畅。纹饰多满布器内外，种类繁多，有牡丹、菊花、莲花、鱼、鸭、龙凤等，风格粗放健美，生动自然。器形有碗、盘、瓶、罐、壶、香炉、香熏、盏托、注子温碗、钵等。\n耀州窑在宋时北方的青瓷窑场中最负盛名，堪称翘楚。于神宗元丰（1078-1085）至徽宗崇宁（1102-1106）的三十来年间，曾为朝廷烧制贡瓷。其不凡的制瓷技巧和洒脱活泼的风格对当时各地窑场产生了很大影响，得到广泛推广，由此形成了一个自北而南的范围广阔的耀州窑系。耀州窑系以黄堡镇为中心，襄括了河南宜阳窑、宝丰窑、新安城关窑、广东西村窑、广西永福窑、内乡大窑店窑等多个窑场。各窑制品均与铜川窑相似，仅由于所用原料有差别，胎质与釉色也有些微不同。",[23,166,121,7,167,168,136],"碗","童子","荷花","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F88b83dfafdcd6f3a77fa4ebd40b401d2.jpg",[32],3,{"id":173,"slug":174,"title":175,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":164,"tags":176,"thumbUrl":180,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":181,"showCount":171,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},261365,"yao-zhou-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-kui-kou-wan-yi-ming-261365","耀州窑青釉印花葵口碗",[23,121,7,177,178,179],"葵口碗","日用具","饪食器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F26b68e1a9168a33d1e28ee4e22b93dee.jpg",[32],{"id":183,"slug":184,"title":185,"dynasty":117,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":118,"tags":186,"thumbUrl":189,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":190,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},261189,"long-quan-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-ju-ban-pan-yi-ming-261189","龙泉窑青釉印花菊瓣盘",[23,178,121,7,187,188],"菊瓣纹","盘","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F75cfb4df4a7a4e754951c6b5c4a032d1.jpg",[32],2,{"id":193,"slug":194,"title":195,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":196,"tags":197,"thumbUrl":198,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":199,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":112},260766,"lin-ru-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-dai-zi-wan-yi-ming-260766","临汝窑青釉印花带字碗","汝窑，宋代五大名窑之一，因窑址位于宋时河南汝州境内而得名，今河南省宝丰县大营镇清凉寺村和汝州市张公巷均发现汝窑烧造。汝瓷位居宋代“汝、官、哥、钧、定”五大名窑之首，在中国陶瓷史上素有“汝窑为魁”之称。汝窑是中华传统制瓷著名瓷种之一，中国北宋、南宋、明朝时期皇家主要代表瓷器。\n汝瓷造型古朴大方，以名贵玛瑙为釉，色泽独特，有“玛瑙为釉古相传”的赞誉。随光变幻，观其釉色，犹如“雨过天晴云破处”，“千峰碧波翠色来”之美妙，土质细润，坯体如侗体其釉厚而声如磬，明亮而不刺目。器表呈蝉翼纹细小开片，有“梨皮、蟹爪、芝麻花”之特点，被世人称为“似玉、非玉、而胜玉”。宋、元、明、清以来，宫廷汝瓷用器，内库所藏，视若珍宝、可与商彝周鼎比贵。\n1952年，周恩来总理指示“发展祖国文化遗产、恢复汝窑生产”。经过上百次实验和研究，1958年烧制出第一批豆绿釉工艺品，1983年8月汝窑天蓝釉经过专家鉴定，均达到明代汝窑水平。从此，汝瓷成了汝州市人的一张名片。\n汝窑天青釉弦纹樽 ，此樽仿汉代铜樽造型，器形规整，仿古逼真，釉色莹润光洁，浓淡对比自然。\n瓷樽始于宋，汝窑、定窑、龙泉窑均有烧造，是陈设用品。所见传世宋代汝窑天青釉弦纹樽只有两件，除故宫博物院收藏的这件以外，英国伦敦大维德基金会亦收藏一件。\n汝窑烧制的汝瓷因为其绝妙的色泽、独特艺术价值，深得帝王欢心，有“宋瓷之冠”的美誉。汝窑又与同期官窑（河南开封）、哥窑（浙江龙泉）、钧窑（河南禹县）、定窑（河北曲阳）合称“宋代五大名窑”，位居五大名窑之首。\n汝窑以传承艺术为己任，采用传统手工制作陶瓷方法，制作一个陶瓷的工序高达十三道，包括淘泥、摞泥、拉坯、印坯、修坯、捺水、画坯、上釉、烧窑、成瓷、成瓷缺陷的修补，做工精细，设计唯美、承艺汝瓷以“釉色层”领先，器型古朴典雅得当，光润有度，由于汝瓷釉层厚，常有开片如鱼鳞、蝉翼状，久用之后茶色会着附于裂纹处，形成不规则的变换交错的花纹，故而手感润滑如脂，似玉非玉之美。\n宋人欧阳修在《归田集》中对汝窑的论述：汝窑瓷真正最美的就是釉，不是天青色，而是粉翠，也就是今所说的翠青色。而汝瓷真正的瓷色是半瓷化作的，玻化不明显，器身不透光亮，因此不排除后人把珍品当作“陶”而丢弃，故存世甚稀。而《清波杂志》里宋人周辉对汝窑的精述，汝瓷以釉取胜，当代青瓷不能同比，真品釉色青中泛滥、纯净、温润，釉面隐现出一种柔和含蓄的光泽，它既不同钧瓷的乳光，也不同哥窑的脂光，而是一种类似古玉般内蕴的光泽。当时汝瓷是唯供御拣退方许出卖，近尤难得。现从文献可知，汝瓷也可民用，绝非“严禁民用”之说。对自藏汝窑瓷及由此对整个汝窑作较全面简述的则是明代学者高濂的《燕闲清赏笺》中提及，“汝窑，余尝见之，实为玛瑙末入釉，汁水莹厚如堆脂，然汁中棕眼隐若蟹爪，其釉色有天青、粉青，还有葱绿和天蓝等。粉青为上，天蓝弥足珍贵。有"雨过天晴云破处"之称誉，釉面可视碧玉，也不为过。所有历代青瓷应以汝窑为冠。”",[23,166,178,179,121,7],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F10624de6ebf4a801c297fe5530f3fcfd.jpg",[32],{"id":201,"slug":202,"title":203,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":196,"tags":204,"thumbUrl":206,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":207,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},259699,"lin-ru-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-hua-kou-xiao-die-yi-ming-259699","临汝窑青釉印花花口小碟",[23,178,121,7,205],"花口碟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F04fb2c6c38c939fa6d26d51964b37206.jpg",[32],{"id":209,"slug":210,"title":211,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":212,"thumbUrl":216,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":217,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},257045,"ding-yao-bai-you-yin-hua-shi-zi-xiu-qiu-wen-xi-yi-ming-257045","定窑白釉印花狮子绣球纹洗",[18,23,42,43,7,213,214,215],"狮子","绣球纹","洗","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcf5367eb0360014e470114669c28a5a6.jpg",[32],{"id":219,"slug":220,"title":221,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":222,"thumbUrl":224,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":225,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},257018,"ding-yao-bai-you-yin-hua-chan-zhi-lian-wen-pan-yi-ming-257018","定窑白釉印花缠枝莲纹盘",[18,23,43,7,223,28],"缠枝莲","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F369b64387fde562357b6ca3d9345b9ea.jpg",[32],{"id":227,"slug":228,"title":229,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":164,"tags":230,"thumbUrl":231,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":232,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":112},257001,"yao-zhou-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-wan-yi-ming-257001","耀州窑青釉印花碗",[18,23,121,7,166,28],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fbd7d5f02517fd3696a29f85f3a109582.jpg",[32],{"id":234,"slug":235,"title":236,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":237,"thumbUrl":239,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":240,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":112},256312,"ding-yao-bai-you-yin-hua-chan-zhi-ju-wen-li-shi-wan-yi-ming-256312","定窑白釉印花缠枝菊纹笠式碗",[41,23,43,7,238,28],"缠枝菊纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcd753006517ea62df60bf72eb4ed7df0.jpg",[32],{"id":242,"slug":243,"title":244,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":245,"tags":246,"thumbUrl":249,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":250,"showCount":191,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},224082,"ya-bai-yin-hua-mu-dan-chi-wen-kui-ban-kou-wan-yi-ming-224082","牙白印花牡丹螭文葵瓣口碗","陶瓷是陶器与瓷器的统称，同时也是我国的一种工艺美术品，远在新石器时代，我国已有风格粗犷、朴实的彩陶和黑陶。陶与瓷的质地不同，性质各异。陶，是以粘性较高、可塑性较强的粘土为主要原料制成的，不透明、有细微气孔和微弱的吸水性，击之声浊。瓷是以粘土、长石和石英制成，半透明，不吸水、抗腐蚀，胎质坚硬紧密，叩之声脆。我国传统的陶瓷工艺美术品，质高形美，具有高度的艺术价值，闻名于世界。",[23,18,7,247,45,248,28],"牙白","螭","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F97672053521571244892186aa1c043e7.jpg",[],{"id":252,"slug":253,"title":254,"dynasty":94,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":255,"tags":256,"thumbUrl":260,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":261,"showCount":159,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},267680,"fen-se-ju-die-wen-yin-hua-chou-yi-ming-267680","粉色菊蝶纹印花绸","柔粉底色晕开温婉氛围，蝶影翩跹穿梭在舒展的菊丛之间。印花走线细腻秀雅，蝶翼轻颤似携浅风，菊瓣舒展自带清妍。纹样排布疏密相宜，将暮春庭间的悠然意趣织入绸面。\n\n浅淡彩纹在柔粉之上晕染，配色柔润雅致，带着旧时闺阁的静好余韵。将清灵的自然意趣融于日常织物，藏着东方审美的含蓄温柔，尽显传统印花工艺的精巧，把雅致诗意晕染进一寸绸料里，晕开旧时光里的温柔底色。",[97,7,257,69,258,259],"粉色","蝴蝶","设色","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faa2f56d99b152041dc8fced66b605b10.jpg",[],{"id":263,"slug":264,"title":265,"dynasty":94,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":266,"tags":267,"thumbUrl":270,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":271,"showCount":159,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},263826,"hong-se-di-hua-niao-wen-yin-hua-yang-zhou-chou-yi-ming-263826","红色地花鸟纹印花洋绉绸","朱红底色热烈明丽，晕染出层叠水纹状留白，将画面切割成灵动的视觉块面。翩跹禽鸟搭配柔婉花枝与嫩叶，印花工艺细腻写实，翎羽叶脉皆清晰生动。\n\n纹样排布错落规整，于热烈底色之上铺陈出雅致生机，洋绉绸自带柔润肌理，让色彩晕染更自然柔和，纹样质感更温润鲜活。织物融合中式花鸟意趣与西洋印花工艺，尽显彼时织造技艺的审美巧思。",[97,268,7,269,98,259],"花鸟","飞鸟","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fcd8e168fe8ba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釉色因白润瓷胎的映衬而显出白色，现在习惯上将这种透明釉也称为白釉。\n瓷器釉料中的含铁量降低到0.75%以下，施于洁白的瓷胎上，入窑经高温烧制，就会出现白釉。严格地说，白釉是一种无色透明釉，而不是白色的釉 。白釉是瓷器传统釉色之一,真正的白釉应该是乳白色的乳浊釉,这种釉是近代才发明的。我国古代仅有元代枢府釉是失透的,其他白釉并不是白色的釉,\n白釉烧制工艺比青釉复杂，出现的时间也较青釉晚，一般瓷土和釉料，都或多或少含有一些氧化铁，器物烧出后必然呈现出深浅不同的青色来。如果釉料中的铁元素含量小于0.75%，烧出来的就会是白釉。\n白釉最早出现在汉代，比青釉瓷器晚了400多年，白釉瓷器开始是青白色的，因为瓷器中铁的含量高于1%就是青色的，少于1%就是白瓷了，所以中国白瓷经历青瓷、青白瓷、卵白釉、甜白釉、象牙白、白釉的发展过程。中国历史上白瓷产地有德化白瓷、定窑白瓷以及刑窑白瓷等。",[23,28,178,179,168,7,297],"青白釉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fead27695d19332d6ae00d49b67f50f17.jpg",[],{"id":301,"slug":302,"title":303,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":164,"tags":304,"thumbUrl":309,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":310,"showCount":159,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},261497,"yao-zhou-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-mei-zhu-lu-ye-lu-si-tu-wan-yi-ming-261497","耀州窑青釉印花梅竹芦叶鹭鸶图碗",[23,121,7,305,306,307,308,178],"梅","竹","鹭鸶","芦叶","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fa6f41c46d818338ed5ba092a25a6f2d7.jpg",[32],{"id":312,"slug":313,"title":314,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":196,"tags":315,"thumbUrl":316,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":317,"showCount":159,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},261495,"lin-ru-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-wan-yi-ming-261495","临汝窑青釉印花碗",[23,166,121,7,178,179],"https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fabde184cadcf2fdfbe53e3d616be0ce9.jpg",[32],{"id":319,"slug":320,"title":321,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":295,"tags":322,"thumbUrl":324,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":59,"collections":325,"showCount":159,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},261200,"qing-bai-you-yin-hua-shuang-feng-wen-wan-yi-ming-261200","青白釉印花双凤纹碗",[23,28,297,7,323,166,136,179],"双凤纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6f76e3276c5d780133bded98895e34dd.jpg",[],{"id":327,"slug":328,"title":329,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":164,"tags":330,"thumbUrl":334,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":335,"showCount":159,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},260876,"yao-zhou-yao-qing-you-yin-hua-pu-tao-wen-ju-ban-xi-yi-ming-260876","耀州窑青釉印花葡萄纹菊瓣洗",[23,331,121,7,332,333,178],"耀州窑","葡萄纹","菊瓣洗","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9c730783bda399adfeb4014f93000ef6.jpg",[32],{"id":337,"slug":338,"title":339,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":340,"tags":341,"thumbUrl":343,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":344,"showCount":159,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},260409,"jing-de-zhen-yao-qing-bai-you-yin-hua-he-yi-ming-260409","景德镇窑青白釉印花盒","景德镇窑是中国传统窑炉之一，景德镇窑系属于宋代六大窑系之一。诞生于今江西省景德镇，故称景德镇窑，实际上由数个窑口组成。\n景德镇有着悠久的制瓷历史，完备的陶瓷产业体系，广泛的国际影响，是一座因瓷而生、因瓷而兴、因瓷而名的城市，也是一座“因开放而生，因开放而兴”的深度开放城市。\n景德镇窑据记载始烧于唐武德(618一626)年间。建国后发现瓷窑遗址多处，以杨梅亭窑、石虎湾窑、黄泥头窑最早，均为五代时期。\n中国传统的陶瓷可分为三大类：龙窑（倾斜式隧道窑）、阶级窑（倾斜式冷底多室窑）以及景德镇窑（平焰窑）。 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[2]\n西晋以后到南北朝，由于佛教的盛行，出现利用夹纻工艺所造的大型佛像，此时的漆工艺被用来为宗教信仰服务，夹纻胎漆器也因而发展。所谓的夹纻是以漆灰和麻布造型作为漆胎，胎骨轻巧而坚牢。\n唐代经济发达文化繁荣，种种因素使工艺美术也随之发达，在艺术、技术以及生产上，皆远超过前期。唐朝漆器大放异彩，呈现出华丽的风格，漆器制作技术也往富丽方向发展，金银平脱、螺钿、雕漆等制作费时、价格昂贵的技法在当时极为盛行。\n宋代漆器的制胎和髹饰技艺已经十分成熟，当时不仅官方设有专门生产机构，民间制作漆器也很普遍。漆器所制作的器皿，样式多且富变化，造型简朴，表现出器物结构比例之美。一般而言，宋代漆器以素色静谧为主。\n明代时期的工艺美术跨入新的阶段，官方设厂专制御用的各种漆器，并由著名的漆艺家管理。除了官设的漆器厂外，民间漆器生产也遍及大江南北。明代江南漆器名家辈出﹐明初有张德刚﹐包亮﹐明代中期有方信川，明末有江千里等，并出现集漆器工艺之大成的著作：黄成著，杨明注《髹饰录》。\n髹饰工艺在这时有很大的革新，结合多种传统技法，两种以上的技法作结合，不同的文饰在不同的素地上更换，开创出千文万华的繁荣局面。\n今日中国大陆和台湾，漆器仍是民间工艺的重要组成部份，著名的漆器工艺，包括福州的脱胎漆器，厦门的髹金漆丝漆器，广东晕金漆器，扬州螺钿漆器，稷山螺钿漆器，山西平遥推光漆器，成都银片罩花漆器，安徽屯溪犀皮漆器，北京剔红漆器，台湾南投县黑髹漆器等。",[23,501,7,136,188],"三彩","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fdb1c1ee4c08a85afcf6b03e9501043ed.jpg",[],{"id":505,"slug":506,"title":507,"dynasty":117,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":508,"tags":509,"thumbUrl":512,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":513,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":49},262022,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-yin-hua-kui-wen-san-zu-lu-yi-ming-262022","德化窑白釉印花夔纹三足炉","德化窑位于今福建德化，故名。作为著名的瓷窑，是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n德化瓷器是中华陶瓷烧造中的艺术珍品，始于宋代，明代后得到巨大发展。以白瓷塑佛像闻名。其制作细腻，雕刻精美，造型生动，体现了古代劳动人民的卓越才能和艺术创造力。\n在今福建德化，故名。是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n碗坪仑烧瓷较屈斗宫古窑址早，烧青白瓷，有的接近白釉，刻花蓖划纹装饰较多，盒子遗留甚丰，盖面所印阳纹装饰达一百余种，题材之丰富在南方地区首屈一指，南宋时有专门制作盒子的作坊，盒盖上阳文印花装饰题材丰富，有动物、花卉等近百种图案。划花间篦划纹亦较多，饰在碗、盘、瓶等器物上。\n屈斗宫元代办烧青白瓷，从南宋至元代。明代盛烧白瓷观音、达摩等塑像，胎釉浑然一体，如同白玉，被赞为"象牙白"、"奶白"或 "天鹅绒白。清代除烧白瓷外，盛烧青花与彩绘瓷器。元代以来，德化窑瓷器输出海外，菲律宾、马来西亚出土有元代德化窑青白瓷，泰国及东非坦桑尼亚等国家也出土有清代德化窑青花瓷器。\n这种瓷器的制作工艺程序如下：他们从地下挖取一种泥土，将它垒成一个大堆，任凭风吹、雨打、日晒，从不翻动，历时三、四十年。泥土经过这种处理，质地变得更加纯化精炼，适合制造上述各种器皿，然后抹上认为颜色合宜的釉，再将瓷器放入窑内或炉里烧制而成。因此，人们挖泥堆土，目的是替自已的儿孙贮备制造瓷器的材料而已，大量的瓷器是在城中出售， 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