[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":197},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-you-qi":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},5708,"you-qi","釉器","釉器画高清赏析","精选中国历代釉器题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2e9f64c9b56f0d2325aa34cfcc51062f.jpg",0,15,[14,36,46,56,71,83,97,110,121,127,138,147,156,173,184],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":29,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":33,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},256764,"ge-yao-mi-se-you-pan-yi-ming-256764","哥窑米色釉盘","宋","佚名","藏地不详","“哥窑”名列宋代五大名窑，在陶瓷史上有举足轻重的地位。哥窑胎多紫黑色、铁黑色、也有黄褐色。釉为失透的乳浊釉，釉面泛一层酥光，釉色以炒米黄、灰青多见，釉面大小纹片结合。\n经染色后大纹片呈深褐色，小纹片为黄褐色，也称‘金丝铁线’“墨纹梅花片”“叶脉纹”‘文武片’等。这是传世哥窑的主要特征之一。器形有各式瓶、炉、尊、洗及碗、盆、碟等。多见仿古造型，底足制作不十分规整，釉面常见缩釉和棕眼。\n而《中国陶瓷史》这样叙述：\n造型有各式瓶、炉、洗、盘、罐等。论胎有厚薄之分，其胎质有瓷胎和砂胎两种，胎色有黑灰、深灰、浅灰、土黄多种色调，釉色也有粉青、月白、油灰、青黄各色。从时间上讲，这里应有早晚之别，从产地说也有恐非一个瓷窑的作品，情况是比较复杂的。\n记载“哥窑”的古文献主要有：元代的《至正直记》，明代的《格古要论》、《遵生八笺》，清代的《博物要览》以及明代的《浙江通志》等。但究竟哥窑窑址何在？性质如何?一直是陶瓷史研究中众说纷纭、悬而未决的问题。\n流传于世的“哥窑”经典器大多源自清宫旧藏，由于这批器物与古文献中的记载的“哥窑”特征不符，而且没有考古资料佐证，因而造成了中国陶瓷史上最大的悬疑。\n为区别于明、清文献中所记载得哥窑（龙泉章生一窑），宫中名为“哥窑”的传世品，后世鉴赏家称其为“传世哥窑”。\n由于原来被认为哥窑的龙泉黑胎开片瓷被认为是“龙泉仿官”和“龙泉官窑”，宋代似乎就不存在哥窑，文献关于哥窑的记述被认为是以讹传讹。然而，仔细研究和分析，就会发觉事情并非如此简单，其关键在于“龙泉官窑”和杭州郊坛下官窑孰先孰后的问题并未真正得到解决。由于“龙泉官窑”的立论建立在“龙泉仿官”的基础上，认为仿官是不可能的，却又与官窑相一致，自然是官窑，并认为杭州郊坛下不能满足朝廷之需，再在龙泉烧造以充不足。这一观点很自然地派生出杭州郊坛下官窑早于龙泉官窑的定论。\n然而，没有足够的考古资料证明这一观点，并由此还引发出种种疑团：郊坛下不能满足朝廷之需，为什么不就地扩充、就近扩充，而要到千里之外的龙泉建窑烧造？宋室南渡带来了北方工匠，他们惯于圆窑用煤烧造，何以能在杭州建立龙窑用柴烧造？文献关于哥窑的论述难道一定都是空穴来风吗？哥不能仿官，但官却可以仿哥，各朝各代的官窑都建立在民窑的基础上，难道就不存在官仿哥的可能吗？宋室南渡，皇帝漂泊13年，这期间南渡窑工在何处生存？如何生存？是吃皇粮还是自谋出路？这些疑问最终都聚焦在龙泉最初的黑胎开片瓷的年代和性质上，也就是说龙泉最初的黑胎开片瓷会不会是皇帝颠沛流离的十余年中北方工匠和龙泉窑工技艺结合的产物？",[23,24,25,26,27,7,28],"宋代","陶瓷","米色釉","开片","冰裂纹","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Faaf4f4fceab590c5454688e6504ee7fb.jpg","未知","Xcm*Xcm","瓷器精选",[32],2,"BDBDBD",{"id":37,"slug":38,"title":39,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":41,"thumbUrl":43,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":44,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},256287,"ru-yao-tian-qing-you-xi-yi-ming-256287","汝窑天青釉洗","汝窑，宋代五大名窑之一，因窑址位于宋时河南汝州境内而得名，今河南省宝丰县大营镇清凉寺村和汝州市张公巷均发现汝窑烧造。汝瓷位居宋代“汝、官、哥、钧、定”五大名窑之首，在中国陶瓷史上素有“汝窑为魁”之称。汝窑是中华传统制瓷著名瓷种之一，中国北宋、南宋、明朝时期皇家主要代表瓷器。\n汝瓷造型古朴大方，以名贵玛瑙为釉，色泽独特，有“玛瑙为釉古相传”的赞誉。随光变幻，观其釉色，犹如“雨过天晴云破处”，“千峰碧波翠色来”之美妙，土质细润，坯体如侗体其釉厚而声如磬，明亮而不刺目。器表呈蝉翼纹细小开片，有“梨皮、蟹爪、芝麻花”之特点，被世人称为“似玉、非玉、而胜玉”。宋、元、明、清以来，宫廷汝瓷用器，内库所藏，视若珍宝、可与商彝周鼎比贵。\n1952年，周恩来总理指示“发展祖国文化遗产、恢复汝窑生产”。经过上百次实验和研究，1958年烧制出第一批豆绿釉工艺品，1983年8月汝窑天蓝釉经过专家鉴定，均达到明代汝窑水平。从此，汝瓷成了汝州市人的一张名片。\n汝窑天青釉弦纹樽 ，此樽仿汉代铜樽造型，器形规整，仿古逼真，釉色莹润光洁，浓淡对比自然。\n瓷樽始于宋，汝窑、定窑、龙泉窑均有烧造，是陈设用品。所见传世宋代汝窑天青釉弦纹樽只有两件，除故宫博物院收藏的这件以外，英国伦敦大维德基金会亦收藏一件。\n汝窑烧制的汝瓷因为其绝妙的色泽、独特艺术价值，深得帝王欢心，有“宋瓷之冠”的美誉。汝窑又与同期官窑（河南开封）、哥窑（浙江龙泉）、钧窑（河南禹县）、定窑（河北曲阳）合称“宋代五大名窑”，位居五大名窑之首。\n汝窑以传承艺术为己任，采用传统手工制作陶瓷方法，制作一个陶瓷的工序高达十三道，包括淘泥、摞泥、拉坯、印坯、修坯、捺水、画坯、上釉、烧窑、成瓷、成瓷缺陷的修补，做工精细，设计唯美、承艺汝瓷以“釉色层”领先，器型古朴典雅得当，光润有度，由于汝瓷釉层厚，常有开片如鱼鳞、蝉翼状，久用之后茶色会着附于裂纹处，形成不规则的变换交错的花纹，故而手感润滑如脂，似玉非玉之美。\n宋人欧阳修在《归田集》中对汝窑的论述：汝窑瓷真正最美的就是釉，不是天青色，而是粉翠，也就是今所说的翠青色。而汝瓷真正的瓷色是半瓷化作的，玻化不明显，器身不透光亮，因此不排除后人把珍品当作“陶”而丢弃，故存世甚稀。而《清波杂志》里宋人周辉对汝窑的精述，汝瓷以釉取胜，当代青瓷不能同比，真品釉色青中泛滥、纯净、温润，釉面隐现出一种柔和含蓄的光泽，它既不同钧瓷的乳光，也不同哥窑的脂光，而是一种类似古玉般内蕴的光泽。当时汝瓷是唯供御拣退方许出卖，近尤难得。现从文献可知，汝瓷也可民用，绝非“严禁民用”之说。对自藏汝窑瓷及由此对整个汝窑作较全面简述的则是明代学者高濂的《燕闲清赏笺》中提及，“汝窑，余尝见之，实为玛瑙末入釉，汁水莹厚如堆脂，然汁中棕眼隐若蟹爪，其釉色有天青、粉青，还有葱绿和天蓝等。粉青为上，天蓝弥足珍贵。有"雨过天晴云破处"之称誉，釉面可视碧玉，也不为过。所有历代青瓷应以汝窑为冠。”",[18,24,42,26,27,7],"天青釉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F2948692df3f92e733dffae93bb9d671c.jpg",[32],"795548",{"id":47,"slug":48,"title":49,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":40,"tags":50,"thumbUrl":54,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":32,"collections":55,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},256285,"ru-yao-tian-qing-you-pan-yi-ming-256285","汝窑天青釉盘",[23,24,42,51,26,52,28,7,53],"青瓷","单色釉","盘","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F9531867351ce95e8f4e3ce285223a54c.jpg",[32],{"id":57,"slug":58,"title":59,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":60,"tags":61,"thumbUrl":68,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":69,"collections":70,"showCount":34,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},231448,"ding-xing-wan-yi-ming-231448","鼎形碗","陶瓷是陶器与瓷器的统称，同时也是我国的一种工艺美术品，远在新石器时代，我国已有风格粗犷、朴实的彩陶和黑陶。陶与瓷的质地不同，性质各异。陶，是以粘性较高、可塑性较强的粘土为主要原料制成的，不透明、有细微气孔和微弱的吸水性，击之声浊。瓷是以粘土、长石和石英制成，半透明，不吸水、抗腐蚀，胎质坚硬紧密，叩之声脆。我国传统的陶瓷工艺美术品，质高形美，具有高度的艺术价值，闻名于世界。",[23,24,62,52,63,64,65,66,67,7],"器","瓷器","釉色","古物","传统工艺","宋瓷","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F0960f0d3efc1545063f71bdcd53834e8.jpg","",[],{"id":72,"slug":73,"title":74,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":75,"tags":76,"thumbUrl":80,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":69,"collections":81,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":82},261293,"mi-se-you-tu-hua-hu-yi-ming-261293","米色釉凸花壶","宋代是传统制瓷工艺发展史上一个非常繁荣昌盛的时期。现时已发现的古代陶瓷遗址分布于全国170个县。其中有宋代窑址的就有130个县，占总数的75%。\n陶瓷史家通常将宋代陶瓷窑大致概括为6个瓷窑系，它们分别是：北方地区的定窑系、耀州窑系、钧窑系和磁州窑系；南方地区的龙泉青瓷系和景德镇的青白瓷系。这些窑系一方面具有因受其所在地区使用原材料的影响而具有的特殊性，另一方面又有受帝国时代的政治理念、文化习俗、工艺水平制约而具有的共同性。\n从造型的角度分析，宋瓷的器形较之前代更为丰富多彩，几乎包括了人民日常生活用器的大部分：碗、盘、壶、罐、盒、炉、枕、砚与水注等，其中最为多见的是玉壶春瓶。总的说来，民间用瓷的造型大部分是大方朴实、经济耐用；而宫廷用瓷则端庄典雅、雍容华贵。最能反映皇家气派的是哥、官、钧、汝与定窑口烧制的贡瓷，最能体现百姓喜乐的是磁州、耀州窑口烧制的民间瓷品。\n从纹饰上讲，宋瓷的纹饰题材表现手法都极为丰富独特。一般情况下，龙、凤、鹿、鹤、游鱼、花鸟、婴戏、山水景色等常作为主体纹饰而突现在各类器形的显著部位，而回纹、卷枝卷叶纹、云头纹、钱纹、莲瓣纹等多用作边饰间饰，用以辅助主题纹饰。工匠们用刻、划、剔、画和雕塑等不同技法，在器物上把纹样的神情意态与胎体的方圆长短巧妙结合起来，形成审美与实用的统一整体，令人爱不释手。如婴戏纹，或于碗心、或于瓶腹，将肌肤稚嫩，情态活泼的童子置于花丛之中，或一或二，或三五成群，攀树折花，追逐嬉戏，真切动人，生活气息甚为浓厚。",[24,77,78,79,7],"日用具","壶","凸花","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe2a1556e320f8013ee498e645713dc14.jpg",[],"37474F",{"id":84,"slug":85,"title":86,"dynasty":87,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":88,"tags":89,"thumbUrl":95,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":69,"collections":96,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},258892,"guang-xu-kuan-dong-qing-you-tu-ba-gua-wen-cong-shi-ping-yi-ming-258892","光绪款冬青釉凸八卦纹琮式瓶","清","中国瓷器著名传统颜色釉。亦称“青瓷釉”。古代南方青釉，是瓷器最早的颜色釉。\n所谓“青釉”，颜色并不是纯粹的青，有：月白、天青、粉青、梅子青、豆青、豆绿、翠青等，但多少总能泛出一点青绿色。同时，古人往往将青、绿、蓝三种颜色，一统称为“青色”，例如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》称：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也、蓝也，皆以青括之。”刘子芬《竹园陶说》中也说：“青色一种，常与蓝色相混。雨过天晴，钧窑、元窑之青，皆近蓝色。”“惟千峰翠色、梅子青、豆青、乃为纯青耳。天色本蓝，有时为青。”\n青釉是我国使用最早，延用时间最久，分布最广的一个釉种，它的发明是与我国瓷土矿大都含有一定量的铁矿的现象相一致的。青色也符合我国人民的传统审美情趣。青色与碧玉相若，认为稳重而高雅。浙江、江西、河南等地已出土了不少早至商周时期的原始青釉瓷。六朝至唐宋以越窑为代表的南方青釉瓷；宋到元明的龙泉窑系青瓷；耀州窑、临汝窑、钧窑等宋代北方青瓷；以及明、清以来的景德镇青釉瓷，是青釉发展的几个重要阶段，所谓的宋代“汝、定、官、哥、钧”五大名窑，除定窑外均属青釉瓷。表釉的呈色主要决定于着色氧化物的含铁量与烧成气氛，青釉含铁量一般在1—3%左右，过高会变成黑釉，低了就能烧成白瓷。在还原气氛中烧成。釉色青绿；在氧化气氛中烧成，釉色泛黄。因而陶瓷界所谓的青釉是相对而言的，正如许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中所说：“古瓷尚青，凡绿也，蓝也，皆以青括之。”",[24,90,91,92,93,94,7],"清代","冬青釉","凸纹","八卦纹","琮式","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fe121aeb13b629bf77e44e85c43d4ab3b.jpg",[],{"id":98,"slug":99,"title":100,"dynasty":87,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":75,"tags":101,"thumbUrl":108,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":69,"collections":109,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":35},258618,"qian-long-kuan-jia-pi-zi-you-ping-yi-ming-258618","乾隆款茄皮紫釉瓶",[90,24,102,103,52,104,7,105,106,107],"茄皮紫釉","瓶","高温釉","清代陶瓷","颜色釉","器形","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F3684c960bba74100e6323014dc038599.jpg",[],{"id":111,"slug":112,"title":113,"dynasty":87,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":114,"tags":115,"thumbUrl":119,"material":30,"size":31,"collection":69,"collections":120,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":45},258430,"yong-zheng-kuan-ji-lan-you-gao-zu-wan-yi-ming-258430","雍正款祭蓝釉高足碗","雍正一朝虽然只有13年，但他的制瓷业成就却达到了清代官窑的历史高峰，其品种之多，制作工艺之精良，都是其他朝代无法比拟的。",[24,116,117,90,52,118,7],"祭蓝釉","高足器",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