[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":122},["ShallowReactive",2],{"subject-zhi-jing-ping":3},{"subject":4,"artworks":13},{"id":5,"slug":6,"name":7,"title":8,"description":9,"coverUrl":10,"showCount":11,"artworkCount":12},10019,"zhi-jing-ping","直颈瓶","直颈瓶画高清赏析","精选中国历代直颈瓶题材作品，欣赏传统绘画中的笔墨与意境。","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F600550448d0bab19727438bb2fb87895.jpg",0,9,[14,33,48,59,72,81,91,102,111],{"id":15,"slug":16,"title":17,"dynasty":18,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":21,"tags":22,"thumbUrl":10,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":30,"showCount":31,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":32},256303,"ding-yao-bai-you-ke-hua-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-256303","定窑白釉刻花直颈瓶","宋","佚名","藏地不详","定窑是中国传统制瓷工艺中的珍品，宋代六大窑系之一，它是继唐代的邢窑白瓷之后兴起的一大瓷窑体系。主要产地在今河北省保定市曲阳县（原属今定州市）的涧磁村、野北村及东燕川村、西燕川村一带，因该地区唐宋时期属定州管辖，故名定窑。\n定窑原为民窑，北宋中后期开始烧造宫廷用瓷。创烧于唐，极盛于北宋及金，终于元，以产白瓷著称，兼烧黑釉、酱釉和绿釉瓷，文献分别称其为黑定、紫定和绿定。\n定窑从邢窑而来，由于历史的变迁，定窑随着地域变化，新瓷土料的运用和制瓷工艺的进步。卞向和认为：定窑最大的贡献就是在中国陶瓷发展的历史上闪烁过光芒，在中国陶瓷史和世界的陶瓷发展史上留下辉煌的一页。\n定窑，是中国北方白瓷的中心，始于唐，为邢窑的后继者，在五代时期就已经发达。以往文献多记载窑址在河北正定，1938年在河北省曲阳县涧瓷村发现古窑址。近年又多次发掘调查，发现了最下层堆积着晚唐的破片；中层的是五代时就已大量生产；最上层为印花、画花的薄瓷片，是属于北宋中期以后，在政和、宣和年间。这些薄瓷片，胎质坚致，釉泽莹润，花纹优美，确是很精进的品种；且有些是官窑性质的，如”尚食局、禁苑、奉华、官”等胎上刻字破片的发现，便可证明。另在西燕山遗址发现粗瓷片的堆集，以及各地普遍发现的定窑瓷器及破片，又能证明定窑在北宋早期以后，也曾大量烧造民间使用的瓷器。定窑以烧造白瓷为主，也烧颜色釉，如红定、紫定和黑定等。根据《君友会-新民窑》记载，定窑，从北宋起，地位增高，各地仿制者颇多。在定窑本身概念中，就孳乳出各种名称，单就白定一种，就有土定、粉定之分。土定，有瓦胎和陶胎两种。瓦胎为淡赤色的土质，陶胎为白土而略黄，质皆松，体较厚；袖色白色中闪黄或闪赤，容易剥落，或有大开片，是原始的及民用的定器。粉定，是进步的及官用的定器，有陶胎和瓷胎，胎质致密而体薄，釉色纯白如牛乳者，或带淡赤色，釉中往往有刷纹，釉面凝聚，如有泪痕。",[18,23,24,25,26,7],"陶瓷","白釉","刻花","器","未知","Xcm*Xcm","瓷器精选",[29],6,"37474F",{"id":34,"slug":35,"title":36,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":39,"thumbUrl":43,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":44,"collections":45,"showCount":46,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":47},259917,"jia-qing-kuan-fen-cai-mei-zhu-wen-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-259917","嘉庆款粉彩梅竹纹直颈瓶","清","陶瓷是陶器与瓷器的统称，同时也是我国的一种工艺美术品，远在新石器时代，我国已有风格粗犷、朴实的彩陶和黑陶。陶与瓷的质地不同，性质各异。陶，是以粘性较高、可塑性较强的粘土为主要原料制成的，不透明、有细微气孔和微弱的吸水性，击之声浊。瓷是以粘土、长石和石英制成，半透明，不吸水、抗腐蚀，胎质坚硬紧密，叩之声脆。我国传统的陶瓷工艺美术品，质高形美，具有高度的艺术价值，闻名于世界。",[23,40,41,42,7],"粉彩","梅","竹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F68cfcd20d688685b41c6e0806aa7e454.jpg","",[],3,"BDBDBD",{"id":49,"slug":50,"title":51,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":52,"thumbUrl":56,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":44,"collections":57,"showCount":58,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":47},260030,"guang-xu-kuan-fen-cai-yun-fu-wen-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-260030","光绪款粉彩云蝠纹直颈瓶",[23,40,7,53,54,55],"云蝠纹","蝙蝠","云纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fbe7286d29428845bdac243c7afcaf088.jpg",[],2,{"id":60,"slug":61,"title":62,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":64,"thumbUrl":68,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":44,"collections":69,"showCount":70,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":71},261168,"xuan-de-kuan-qing-hua-chan-zhi-lian-xian-wen-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-261168","宣德款青花缠枝莲弦纹直颈瓶","青花瓷（blue and white porcelain），又称白地青花瓷，常简称青花，是中国瓷器的主流品种之一，属釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化钴的钴矿为原料，在陶瓷坯体上描绘纹饰，再罩上一层透明釉，经高温还原焰一次烧成。钴料烧成后呈蓝色，具有着色力强、发色鲜艳、烧成率高、呈色稳定的特点。原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。明代青花成为瓷器的主流。明宣德时发展到了顶峰。明清时期，还创烧了青花五彩、孔雀绿釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花红彩、黄地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品种。",[23,65,66,67,7,26],"青花","缠枝莲","弦纹","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F04fddf03a2bbe665b50256f9c3ab2173.jpg",[],1,"795548",{"id":73,"slug":74,"title":75,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":63,"tags":76,"thumbUrl":79,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":44,"collections":80,"showCount":70,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":32},260798,"xuan-de-kuan-qing-hua-chan-zhi-lian-wen-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-260798","宣德款青花缠枝莲纹直颈瓶",[23,65,77,7,78],"缠枝莲纹","瓷器","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F97174a366e381b6f7b55fe4ebe5525a2.jpg",[],{"id":82,"slug":83,"title":84,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":85,"tags":86,"thumbUrl":89,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":29,"collections":90,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":32},260961,"de-hua-yao-bai-you-pan-chi-wen-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-260961","德化窑白釉蟠螭纹直颈瓶","德化窑位于今福建德化，故名。作为著名的瓷窑，是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n德化瓷器是中华陶瓷烧造中的艺术珍品，始于宋代，明代后得到巨大发展。以白瓷塑佛像闻名。其制作细腻，雕刻精美，造型生动，体现了古代劳动人民的卓越才能和艺术创造力。\n在今福建德化，故名。是福建沿海地区古外销瓷重要产地之一。发现由宋到清历代窑址达一百八十处，重点发掘了屈斗宫、碗坪仑两处窑址。\n碗坪仑烧瓷较屈斗宫古窑址早，烧青白瓷，有的接近白釉，刻花蓖划纹装饰较多，盒子遗留甚丰，盖面所印阳纹装饰达一百余种，题材之丰富在南方地区首屈一指，南宋时有专门制作盒子的作坊，盒盖上阳文印花装饰题材丰富，有动物、花卉等近百种图案。划花间篦划纹亦较多，饰在碗、盘、瓶等器物上。\n屈斗宫元代办烧青白瓷，从南宋至元代。明代盛烧白瓷观音、达摩等塑像，胎釉浑然一体，如同白玉，被赞为"象牙白"、"奶白"或 "天鹅绒白。清代除烧白瓷外，盛烧青花与彩绘瓷器。元代以来，德化窑瓷器输出海外，菲律宾、马来西亚出土有元代德化窑青白瓷，泰国及东非坦桑尼亚等国家也出土有清代德化窑青花瓷器。\n这种瓷器的制作工艺程序如下：他们从地下挖取一种泥土，将它垒成一个大堆，任凭风吹、雨打、日晒，从不翻动，历时三、四十年。泥土经过这种处理，质地变得更加纯化精炼，适合制造上述各种器皿，然后抹上认为颜色合宜的釉，再将瓷器放入窑内或炉里烧制而成。因此，人们挖泥堆土，目的是替自已的儿孙贮备制造瓷器的材料而已，大量的瓷器是在城中出售， 一个威尼斯银币能买到八个瓷杯“。马可波罗的介绍，引起了西方人的强烈兴趣。",[23,24,87,7,88,26],"蟠螭纹","雕刻","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F6f88ffef1f18c0dcec3460abaab51a44.jpg",[29],{"id":92,"slug":93,"title":94,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":38,"tags":95,"thumbUrl":100,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":44,"collections":101,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":47},258748,"jia-qing-kuan-huang-di-fen-cai-hua-die-wen-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-258748","嘉庆款黄地粉彩花蝶纹直颈瓶",[96,23,40,97,98,7,99],"清代","黄地","花蝶纹","器物","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F18c85db304c2fa6fbc2ca1972798e74f.jpg",[],{"id":103,"slug":104,"title":105,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":106,"tags":107,"thumbUrl":109,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":44,"collections":110,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":71},258319,"yong-zheng-kuan-fang-guan-you-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-258319","雍正款仿官釉直颈瓶","雍正一朝虽然只有13年，但他的制瓷业成就却达到了清代官窑的历史高峰，其品种之多，制作工艺之精良，都是其他朝代无法比拟的。",[23,108,7],"仿官釉","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002Fb490e760ae0ae06ebbc70d2deb2dd3b7.jpg",[],{"id":112,"slug":113,"title":114,"dynasty":37,"author":19,"museum":20,"description":106,"tags":115,"thumbUrl":120,"material":27,"size":28,"collection":44,"collections":121,"showCount":11,"zanCount":11,"manualWeight":11,"mainColor":32},258170,"yong-zheng-kuan-ji-lan-you-zhi-jing-ping-yi-ming-258170","雍正款祭蓝釉直颈瓶",[96,23,116,7,117,118,119],"祭蓝釉","单色釉","釉彩","器形","https:\u002F\u002Foss.chuangqi.store\u002Fthumbweb\u002F950b9d31bef9c0e26871d7ab82f15ac4.jpg",[],1777535737210]